Pengetahuan Nutrition Facts dan Pemilihan Makanan Kemasan Mahasiswa Obesitas antara Metode Edukasi Personal dan Ceramah

Background: The incidence of obesity increases regardless of age. It may happen because these students like to consume snacks/ packaged foods and rarely pay attention to the contents of Nutrition Facts label. Personal education method is a method of education conducted on individuals, while lecture method conducted in groups, each methods has their advantages and disadvantages. Objectives: Knowing the difference of knowledge level about Nutrition Facts label and packaged food choice between personal education method and lecture method on obese students. Methods: This study was a quasy experiment with pre-test and post-test group design. Forty four samples from undergraduate student of Brawijaya University were recruited by using purposive sampling. The variables of this study were knowledge level about Nutrition Facts label and food packaging choice through questionnaires in both groups based on pre-test and post-test measurements. Results: There was a significant difference of knowledge level based on pre-test and post-test result in both of the group (p=0,000) and packaged food choice in personal education group (p=0,000). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in packaged food choice based on pre-test and post-test of lecture group (p=0,317). There was a significant difference of knowledge level (p=0,038) and packaged food choice (p=0,000) based on post-test result in both of the group after nutritional education was given. Conclusions: Based on study finding, it was concluded that in college student with obesity, personal education and lecture method improve knowledge level about Nutrition Facts label and packaged food choice albeit personal education method gives a bigger effect. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kejadian obesitas meningkat tanpa memandang usia. Obesitas.dapat disebabkan karena kegemaran.mengonsumsi snack/makanan kemasan dan jarang memperhatikan kandungan.dalam label informasi.nilai gizinya. Metode edukasi personal merupakan.pemberian edukasi yang dilakukan.pada perorangan, sedangkan metode ceramah dilakukan.pada sasaran kelompok dan masing-masing metode memiliki.kelebihan dan kekurangan.   Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan tentang label.informasi nilai gizi dan pemilihan makanan kemasan antara metode edukasi gizi personal dan metode ceramah pada mahasiswa obesitas.   Metode: Desain penelitian ini.adalah quasi eksperimen dengan pre-test post-test group design. Teknik sampling.menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah.sampel sebanyak.44 orang mahasiswa obesitas di Universitas Brawijaya. Variabel yang.diteliti adalah tingkat pengetahuan.terkait label informasi nilai gizi dan pemilihan makanan kemasan melalui kuesioner pada kelompok metode edukasi personal dan ceramah menggunakan.pengukuran pre-test-post-test.  Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang.signifikan antara hasil pre-test.dan post-test tingkat.pengetahuan pada kedua kelompok (p=0,000) dan pemilihan.makanan kemasan pada kelompok edukasi personal (p=0,000). Namun, tidak terdapat perbedaan.pemilihan makanan.kemasan yang signifikan antara.hasil pre-test dan.post-test pada kelompok ceramah (p=0,317). Terdapat perbedaan.yang signifikan pada hasil.post-test tingkat.pengetahuan (p=0,038) dan pemilihan makanan kemasan (p=0,000) antara kedua.kelompok setelah diberi.edukasi gizi. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan.bahwa dengan sasaran mahasiswa obesitas, metode edukasi personal dan ceramah dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan terkait label informasi nilai gizi dan pemilihan makanan kemasan walaupun edukasi personal memberikan efek yang lebih besar

Kadar kolesistokinin laki-laki dewasa dengan konsumsi makanan siap saji khas Indonesia dan internasional

Background: Fast food comes to a meal that is prepared fast and identically high in energy and fat contents since fast food is prepared using oil and fats. Excessive eating of fast food which is Indonesian typical fast foods and international fast foods will deliver obesity risk. Satiety and hunger are known as the two main keys to obesity prevention. Furthermore, Cholecystokinin (CCK) hormone is the one of bio-indicator that can indicate both satiety and hunger.Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the difference between CCK plasma level of Indonesian and international fast food.Method: A post-test only group design was done at 16 male adult subjects. This research measured CCK plasma of adult subjects with normal nutritional status whether consumed Indonesian typical fast foods and international fast foods. CCK plasma was measured by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) between 0-120 minutes.Results: Subjects who consumed Indonesian typical fast foods had significantly lower CCK plasma at 30,60 and 120 minutes measurement than that counterpart (p = 0.000).Conclusion: There is a different level of CCK after consuming Indonesian typical fast food and International fast food.

The Relationship Among Four Pillars of Diabetes Mellitus Management with Blood Glucose Levels and Nutritional Status in Middle-Aged Diabetic Adults

Controlling the blood sugar level of DM patients is an approach to suppress morbidity and mortality. This study aims to know the relationship of four pillars of DM management with blood glucose levels and nutritional status in patients with type 2 DM in East Java. This study is a cross-sectional study with a sample of middle-aged type 2 DM outpatients in 4 cities in East Java, Indonesia. Four pillars of management include education profile, food planning, physical exercise, and drug adherence. The statistical analysis used was Partial Least Square. The results of the study show that four pillars were not associated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and 2-hour PPG in the total number of respondents (p>0.005). Interestingly, dietary intake links to 2-Hour PPG in 40-50 years age group (p=0.000) and was associated with body mass index in the total number of respondents (p=0.000). Furthermore, education profile and medication also related to FBG in 40-50 years age group (p=0.000, p=0,003). In conclusion, the success of the four pillars in controlling DM is affected by age.  In 40-50 years age group, there is an influence of education profile and drug adherence on the level of FBG

Effect of Buffalo Curd Milk-Edamame Pudding Snack Consumption on Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Lipid Profile in Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Background: Buffalo milk curd, a native probiotic source from Indonesia, is dominated by live indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria known for their ability to lower blood glucose levels. Edamame contains amino acid arginine, chromium, antioxidants, and fibre, aiding in blood glucose control and lipid profile reduction. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of buffalo milk curd and edamame-based pudding snacks on fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methods: This study used a True Experiment Design with Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The study involved 32 patients divided into treatment and control groups. During the study, the treatment group received 250 g of snacks in the morning and evening for one week. Blood glucose levels and lipid profiles were measured using the enzymatic colourimetry method. Results: The results showed decreased fasting blood glucose levels before and after treatment in both control (-17.06 ± 40.17) and treatment (-48.38 ± 40.27 mg/dl) groups (p=0.036). Total cholesterol levels also decreased in control (-15.87 ± 23) and treatment (-41.4 ± 19 mg/dl) groups (p=0.001). There were decreased LDL levels in control (-6.81 ± 29.09) and treatment (-27.3 ± 25.09 mg/dl) groups (p=0.04). However, HDL and TG levels showed no differences at the end of the study. Conclusions: Buffalo curd milk-edamame pudding snacks can reduce fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles, particularly total cholesterol and LDL levels, in Type 2 DM patients

High-fructose diet initially promotes increased aortic wall thickness, liver steatosis, and cardiac histopathology deterioration, but does not increase body fat index

Background: Dietary fats and fructose have been responsible for inducing obesity and body tissues damage due to the consequence of metabolic syndrome through several mechanisms. The body fat index (BFI) is one of the anthropometric measures used to detect obesity in rats. This study aims to examine the correlation between high-fat high-fructose diet and liver steatosis cell count, early atherosclerosis characteristics, and BFI in Sprague Dawley Rats.Design and methods: This was an experimental design using 2 groups of 12-weeks-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The control group received a standard diet and tap water beverages for 17 weeks. The intervention group was fed with high-fat diet from modified AIN 93-M and additional 30% fructose drink. We analyzed the foam cell count, aortic wall thickness, cardiac histopathology, and liver steatosis cell count after the sacrifice process.Results: The rats in the intervention group had a higher aortic wall thickness, liver steatosis, and foam cell count (+125%, p<0.01; +317%, p<0.01 and +165%, p<0.01 respectively) compared to the control group. The intervention group also showed higher mononuclear inflammatory and hypertrophic cell count. A significant positive correlation was found between dietary fructose with premature atherosclerosis by increasing foam cell count (r=0.66) and aortic wall thickness (r=0.68). In addition, 30% dietary fructose increased liver steatosis (r =0.69) and mononuclear inflammatory cardiac cell count (r=0.61). Interestingly, the intervention had no effect on BFI (p>0.5; r=0.13).Conclusions: Dietary fat and fructose consumption for 17 weeks promote atherosclerosis, liver steatosis, and cardiac histopathology alteration without increasing BFI

Anthropometry, Fatty Liver, Plasma Lipid, and Adipose Tissue on Rat Wistar Induced Low-Protein Diet

Protein energy malnutrition problem still exists in developing country. In fact, Indonesia has faced it as double burden of nutrition problems. This study aims to develop a standardized diet for developing protein energy malnutrition (PEM) on the rat to support nutrition research. Low-protein modified AIM-93M diet (LP) has been given to rats for 12 weeks intervention compared to normal protein diet (ND). Anthropometry, plasma lipid, fatty liver and the weight of adipose tissue have been analysed. The LP group showed a significantly lower body weight, body length and waist circumference (p < 0.05), a more fatty liver marker shown in LP compared to ND (p < 0.05). This study suggests that giving low protein modified AIN-M93 diet promotes protein energy malnutrition in the rat

Sensitivity of plasma cholecystokinin and peptide YY in obese and normal weight men

Introduction: Cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) are satiety-stimulating hormones that are released during eating. As such, their levels may be used useful in obesity intervention. The aims of this study were to determine the optimal cutoff values, sensitivity and specificity of plasma CCK and PYY in adult men, in order to determine hormonal dysfunction in obesity. Methods: We investigated 16 obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥25.1)] and 16 normal weight (BMI 18.5–22.9) men. They ate isocaloric fast-food for breakfast. Blood for the determination of the hormones was collected at 0 (before), 30, 60, and 120 minutes after consumption. The data that was obtained were analysed using an independent t-test or the Mann– Whitney U-test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn and the trapezoidal rule analysis was performed to determine the area under the curve, to determine the optimal cut-off values, sensitivity and specificity. Results: In obese subjects, CCK was lower compared with normal weight subjects at any time (p\u3c0.05). There were no major differences in PYY among subject groups. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the plasma CCK had an optimal cut-off of 6,310 pg/ ml at 120 minutes after eating, with 0.97 area under curve (AUC), sensitivity was 94%, and specificity was 94%. The cut-off for optimal PYY was an average of 294.5 pg/ml at 120 minutes after eating (AUC 0.74; sensitivity 75%; specificity 75%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the plasma CCK level is a better potential predictor of obesity and constantly decreased over time compared to PYY

Perbedaan Tingkat Kecukupan Asupan Vitamin D, Kalsium, serta Zat Besi dengan Pemberian Edukasi Gizi Menggunakan Aplikasi Android “GIZIKU” pada Remaja

Masalah pada kesehatan yang terjadi saat remaja dapat menjadi masalah penting yang mempengaruhi siklus kehidupan. Osteoporosis dan anemia merupakan contoh masalah kesehatan pada remaja yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh asupan vitamin D, kalsium, dan zat besi. Pemberian edukasi gizi kepada remaja adalah salah satu cara penanggulangan yang dapat dilakukan. Aplikasi GIZIKU merupakan aplikasi pada sistem operasi android yang berfungsi menyediakan informasi mengenai status gizi, hasil kebutuhan gizi, contoh porsi, contoh menu, dan daftar bahan makanan penukar. Selain itu, terdapat fitur “menu saya” yang bisa digunakan untuk mencatat makanan yang telah dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan tingkat kecukupan asupan vitamin D, kalsium, serta zat besi dengan pemberian intervensi menggunakan aplikasi android GIZIKU. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi experimental design dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design. Jumlah responden yang digunakan sebanyak 50 orang remaja pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Analisis data yang digunakan adalah tes Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada tingkat kecukupan asupan vitamin D, kalsium, serta zat besi dengan pemberian intervensi (p-value>0,05). Aplikasi android GIZIKU bisa digunakan untuk memperkenalkan materi mengenai porsi makanan dan daftar bahan makanan penukar, akan tetapi perlu ada evaluasi lebih lanjut agar aplikasi ini lebih menarik untuk digunakan dalam jangka waktu yang lama dan bisa diinstall pada semua jenis smartphone

Pengaruh Pemberian Serbuk Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) terhadap Kadar LDL Serum pada Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Diet Tinggi Fruktosa

Konsumsi fruktosa yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan gangguan metabolisme lemak dengan menginduksi de novo lipogenesis sehingga meningkatkan kadar LDL. Salah satu bahan pangan fungsional yang sering dikonsumsi dan diteliti berkaitan dengan LDL adalah kelor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian serbuk daun kelor terhadap kadar LDL serum pada tikus wistar jantan yang diinduksi diet tinggi fruktosa. Desain penelitian ini yakni true-experimental melalui pendekatan post-test-only. Pengukuran LDL dilakukan dengan metode direct enzymatic colorimetric. Total sampel yang diuji sejumlah 35 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol (K0) diberikan pakan standar, kelompok kontrol diabetes (E1) diberikan sonde fruktosa 66% selama 16 minggu, kelompok kontrol prediabetes (E2) diberikan sonde fruktosa 66% selama 12 minggu, kelompok intervensi kuersetin (E3) diberikan sonde kuersetin 50 mg/kg BB selama 4 minggu dan sonde fruktosa selama 16 minggu, kelompok intervensi serbuk daun kelor (E4) diberikan sonde serbuk daun kelor 500 mg/kg BB selama 4 minggu dan sonde fruktosa selama 16 minggu. Kadar LDL serum tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok E1 dan terendah pada kelompok K0. Hasil uji ANOVA terkait kadar LDL serum menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antar kelompok (p = 0,153). Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa serbuk daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) dosis 500 mg/kg BB yang diberikan pada tikus wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) prediabetes tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar LDL serum