Early Intrvention of High Risk Children for Developmental Motor Disorders

U članku se daje prikaz nekoliko teorijskih pristupa i modela rane intervencije koji se provode u Hrvatskoj i svijetu s naglaskom na prikaz učinaka ranih interventnih programa kod djece visokorizične za odstupanja u motoričkom razvoju. Dat je pregled nekih ranih interventnih programa s obzirom na vrijeme započinjanja intervencije (tijekom ili nakon izlaska s odjela neonatalne intenzivne skrbi). Istraživanja su pokazala da se razlikuju modeli intervencije za djecu rođenu u terminu i prijevremeno rođenu djecu. Rezultati primjene interventnih programa na motorički razvoj pokazali su da učinak imaju samo oni programi u koji su, osim djece, uključene i njihove obitelji i koji se provode u domu djeteta. Postoji nedovoljno informacija o učincima rane intervencije na aktivnosti svakodnevnog života i socijalizaciju u školskoj dobi, a kao eventualni rezultat pozitivnog učinka rane intervencije na motorički razvoj. Prilikom provođenja i evaluacije programa rane intrevencije, utvrđena je potreba identificiranja svih posebnosti djeteta, ali istovremeno i korištenja svih raspoloživih potencijala, kako samoga djeteta, tako i ostalih članova obitelji i lokalne zajednice. U članku je dat i prikaz rada Kabineta za ranu psihomotoričku stimulaciju koji djeluje od 1997. godine pri Centru za rehabilitaciju Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Kabinet je bio među prvim nemedicinskim (paramedicinskim) odjelima u Hrvatskoj u okviru koji je promovirao potrebu provođenja rane intervencije kod djece s neurorazvojnim rizicima, podrške cijeloj obitelji i nužnost utemeljenja rane intervencije u lokalnoj zajednici.The article presents the overview of few theoretical approaches and early intervention models which are implemented in Croatia and in the world with the emphasis on the early intervention programmes effects on the high-risk children for developmental motor disorders. The overview of some early intervention programmes with regard to beginning of the intervention (during and after the exit from the department for neonatal care) is presented. Researches have shown that there is distinction between intervention models for the children born at term and early-born children. Results of the intervention programmes implementation on the motoric development have shown that the impact have only those programmes into which were included also the families of the children and which were conducted in the child`s home. There in no sufficient information on the effects of the early intervention impact on the day-to-day activities and socialisation in the school age, particularly of the positive effects of early intervention on motoric development. During the conduction and evaluation of the early intervention programme, the need for identification of all child’s specifities, but, at the same time, utilisation of all available potentials of the child and other family members and local community, is determined. The article gives overview of the work of the Cabinet for early psychomotoric stimulation which is established at the Centre for rehabilitation of the Faculty for education and rehabilitation, University of Zagreb. The Cabinet was among first non-medical (paramedical) departments in Croatia which promoted the need for early intervention implementation in children with neurodevelopment risks, support to the whole family and necessity of early intervention implementation in the local community

Mothers’ involvement in everyday activities of children with developmental disabilities

Težište ovog istraživanja bilo je na proučavanju vremenskog angažmana majke djeteta s teškoćama u razvoju u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života. Svrha istraživanja bila je da se utvrdi angažiranost roditelja, rodbine i drugih osoba u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života. Istraživanje polazi od pretpostavke da dijete s višestrukim teškoćama zahtijeva više vremena koje se odnosi na pomoć u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života. Prema polaznoj hipotezi, majke djece s teškoćama u razvoju znatno se više vremenski angažiraju u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života u odnosu na majke djeteta tipičnog razvoja. Te su pretpostavke provjerene na uzorku od 30 ispitanika (15 majki djeteta s višestrukim teškoćama, 15 majki djeteta tipičnog razvoja). Djeca su podijeljena prema kronološkoj dobi u tri skupine (mladi: 6-12 mjeseci, srednji: 1-3 godine, stari: 3-5 godina). Instrument kojim su ispitivane aktivnosti svakodnevnog života konstruiran je za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Za sve su varijable izračunati osnovni statistički parametri primjenom Kolmogonov-Smirnovljenovog testa. Primijenjena je faktorska analiza, a razlike među ispitanicima proučavane su pomoću opsežne diskriminacijske analize. Istraživanje evidentno ukazuje na razliku u angažmanu te broju aktivnosti majke u obiteljima djeteta s teškoćama u razvoju u odnosu na angažman aktivnosti majke u obitelji djeteta tipičnog razvoja (bez teškoća u razvoju). Brigu o djetetu u većini slučajeva preuzima majka, ona obavlja gotovo sve aktivnosti vezane uz dijete i u obitelji djeteta s teškoćama u razvoju i obitelji djeteta tipičnog razvoja. Potvrđeno je da majka djeteta s teškoćama u razvoju statistički više vremena provodi u aktivnostima svakodnevnog života u odnosu na majke djeteta tipičnog razvoja. U obitelji djeteta tipičnog razvoja rast i razvoj djeteta odvija se spontano, bez teškoća, te veći angažman roditelja nije potreban. Model istraživanja i dobiveni rezultati potvrdili su polaznu pretpostavku te omogućuju daljnju konceptualizaciju istraživanja na području edukacijsko-rehabilitacijske djelatnosti.The focus of this research was to investigate mothers’ time involvement in everyday activities of children with developmental difficulties. The purpose of the research was to determine the involvement of parents, relatives and others in the activities of everyday life. The research proceeds from the hypothesis that more time is demanded for helping a child with multiple disabilities with everyday activities. The goal of the research, therefore, was to determine the time involvement in everyday activities of a mother of a child with developmental disabilities. The original hypothesis was that the time involvement in the activities of everyday life of mothers of children with developmental disabilities is significantly greater than that of mothers of children with typical development. This hypothesis was tested on a sample of 30 subjects (15 mothers of children with multiple disabilities, 15 mothers of children with typical development). The children were divided according to chronological age into three groups (YOUNG: 6 – 12 months old, MIDDLE: 1 – 3 years old, OLD: 3 – 5 years old). A research instrument with which everyday activities were tested was designed for the purpose of this study. The basic statistical parameters were calculated for each of the variables using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Factor analysis was applied, and differences between the subjects were investigated using robust discriminant analysis. The research clearly shows the difference in the involvement and the number of activities performed by mothers in families with children with developmental disabilities compared to the involvement of mothers in families with children with typical development (without developmental disabilities). In the majority of cases care for the child was assumed by the mother; she performs almost all of the activities connected with the child both in families with children with developmental disabilities and in families with children with typical development. It was confirmed that a mother of a child with developmental disabilities statistically spends more time in everyday activities than a mother of a child with typical development. In families with children with typical development child growth and development occurs spontaneously, without difficulties, and greater parental involvement is unnecessary. The research model and the results obtained confirmed the original hypothesis and enable a further conceptualisation of research in the field of special education and rehabilitation

The effect of early intervention programe on motor development in a child with neurodevelopmental risk

Zbog nepredvidivosti psihomotoričkog razvoja djeteta s neurorazvojnim rizikom, važna je rana dijagnostika neurorazvojnih odstupanja, interdisciplinarno praćenje i rana habilitacija. Neurofiziološki temelj rane habilitacije čini plasticitet dječjeg mozga. Plastičnost nezrelog novorođenačkog mozga omogućuje da ranim uključivanjem ugrožene novorođenčadi u neurorazvojne i habilitacijske programe preveniramo trajna psiho-motorna oštećenja. Cilj ovog istraživanja odnosio se je na ispitivanje utjecaja ranog integracijskog programa na motorički razvoj djeteta s neurorazvojnim rizikom. U procjeni psihomotoričkog razvoja korišteni su Denver Developmental Screening II Test (DDST) i Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM – 66). Polazna hipoteza pretpostavlja da će primjena ranog integracijskog programa za dijete s neurorazvojnim rizikom rezultirati uspjehom u svim varijablama istraživanja. Habilitacijski program se sastojao od komponenti neurorazvojnog tretmana, senzoričke integracije, postupaka za stimulaciju orofacijalne muskulature, govora i jezika, te, poticanja kognitivnog razvoja kod šestero ispitanika (3 djevojčice i 3 dječaka) unutar prve godine života. Evaluacija rezultata izvršena je komponentnom analizom promjena stanja djeteta opisanog nad skupinom kvantitativnih varijabli registriranih kroz određeni vremenski perid (14-20 vremenskih točaka). Ovakav način obrade podataka omogućen je primjenom algoritma INDIFF. Glavna komponenta promjena kod GMFM testa nazvana je generalni čimbenik napretka motoričkog razvoja, a kod Denver testa generalni čimbenik napretka u gruboj motorici. Obje komponente prikazuju napredak u psihomotoričkom razvoju djeteta s neurorazvojnim rizikom. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da je kod svih ispitanika došlo do značajnih pozitivnih promjena te je stoga moguće prihvatiti polaznu hipotezu.On the account of unexpected psychomotor development of infant with neurodevelopmental risk, the early diagnostic of neurodevelopmental impairments, time, multidisciplinary follow-up and early habilitation is very importanat. The plasticity of child brain is neurophysiogic base of early habilitation. The plasticity of newborn brain give us opportunity to prevent the permanently psychomotoric impairments in imperilled child via early neurodevelopmental and habilitation programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of early intervention programs on motor development in a child with neurodevelopmental risks. The variables of Denver Developmental Screening II Test (DDST) and Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM – 66) are used in order to evaluate psychomotor development. The starting hypothesis assumes that the application of early integration program for the child with neurodevelopment risk will result with improvement in all defined variables. The habilitation program was consist of neurodevelopmental treatment, sensory integration, components of oral-motor stimulation, preverbal skills and speech and stimulation of cognitive development for six subjects (three females and three males) within first year of life. The evaluation was carried out by component analysis of the status changes of a child, which is described over the group of quantitative variables registered through a series of 14-20 equidistant time points.This way of data processing is based on the INDIFF algorithm. The main component of changes in GFMF test was defined as general factor of motor development improvement, and the main component in Denver test was defined as general factor of gross motor improvement. Both components show progress in psychomotor development in child with neurodevelopmental risk. The achieved results show that the starting hypothesis can be accepted, since significant positive changes were observed in all subjects

Age-specific characteristics of general movements in infants: a case study

Uvid u normalnu funkciju fetalnog mozga omogućava nam procjena spontanih pokreta. Spontani su pokreti oni u fetusa i mladog dojenčeta koji se očituju dobno specifičnim obilježjima u dvjema fazama: fazi uvijanja i fazi vrpoljenja. Razlikujemo normalan i tri tipa abnormalnih spontanih pokreta, a to su siromašni, grčevito-sinkronizirani i kaotični spontani pokreti. Istraživanja pokazuju kako je prediktivna snaga procjene najbolja u fazi vrpoljenja, tj. od 2. do 4. mjeseca života. Cilj je ovog istraživanja bio ispitati optimalnost i dobno specifična obilježja spontanih pokreta novorođenčeta u fazi uvijanja i vrpoljenja praćenjem neurorazvojnog trajektorija djeteta bez čimbenika rizika. Kriterij za odabir sudionika ovog istraživanja bio je taj da je sudionik novorođenče iz uredno iznesene trudnoće i bez čimbenika rizika. Sudionik je muško novorođenče rođeno u 40. tjednu uredne trudnoće i bez čimbenika rizika. U svrhu istraživanja primijenjena je globalna procjena spontanih pokreta te detaljna procjena kvalitete spontanih pokreta u fazi uvijanja te je mjerena pojavnost i učestalost specifičnih pokreta prema središnjoj liniji u fazi vrpoljenja. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na to kako je dojenče pokazalo siromašan repertoar pokreta u fazi uvijanja koji se kroz fazu vrpoljenja izmijenio i pokazao kao normalan repertoar. Ovakva promjena optimalnosti između tranzicije obrasca spontanih pokreta učestala je kod dojenčadi donesene bez čimbenika rizika te ukazuje na uredan rani neuromotorički razvoj djeteta.Insight into the normal function of the foetal brain is enabled by general movement assessment. Spontaneously generated movements are movements of the foetus and the young infant that manifest with age-specific characteristics at a writhing age and fidgety age. We distinguish normal repertoire and three types of abnormal general movements: poor, cramped-synchronised and chaotic general movements. Research has shown the best predictive strength for movements in the fidgety age, from 2 to 4 months of life. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the optimality and age-specific characteristics of general movements in toddlers at writhing and fidgety ages. The study participant was a male full-term newborn born at 40 gestational weeks from a healthy pregnancy without any risk factors. We performed global assessment of general movements, detailed assessment of the quality of general movements at the writhing age as well as measurements of the occurrence and frequency of specific movements towards the midline at the fidgety age. The results show that the infant had a poor repertoire at writhing age that changed and appeared as a normal repertoire through the fidgety phase. Such a change in normality, between the transition in general movement patterns, occurs quite often in infants without risk factors and predicts normal neuromotoric outcome

Components of oral-motor stimulation program

Svrha ovog rada je ukazati na složenost hranjenja dojenčeta iz perspektive profesionalnih dostignuća u okviru Kabineta za ranu psihomotoričku stimulaciju Centra za rehabilitaciju Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskog fakulteta u Zagrebu i Male kuće - Dnevnog centra za radnu terapiju i rehabilitaciju djece s oštećenjima vida i dodatnim po teškoćama u razvoju. Hranjenje djeteta nije samo biološki odgovor na metaboličke zahtjeve bebe, ono je složena mreža ponašanja uključena u akcije i reakcije osoba iz okoline. U terapeutskom procesu koji uvažava različitosti, promovira zajedništvo i dijeli znanje i iskustvo svih sudionika, mora se osigurati aktivno sudjelovanje dojenčeta i članova obitelji. Kod prijevremeno rođene djece, kao i one s neurološkim abnormalnostima, hranjenju prethode stimulacije oralno-motoričkih vještina koje su prikazane u ovom radu. Oralnofacijalne aktivnosti stimuliraju područje djetetovog lica i usne šupljine. Predstavljaju tehniku koja pokušava poboljšati oralno motoričku kontrolu, frekvenciju gutanja i senzornu svjesnost. Najčešće se primjenjuju prije same i tijekom aktivnosti hranjenja ili pijenja kako bi dijete bilo što aktivnije tijekom procesa ovih aktivnosti. Ove jednostavne aktivnosti uključuju tako npr. masažu, brisanje vlažnim maramicama i tapping tehniku. Aktivnostima se nastoji pomoći djetetu da funkcionalnije koristi svoja usta i da ojača oralne vještine, koje su ne samo bitne za hranjenje već i za razvoj govora i facijalne ekspresije. Upravo zato jer stimuliraju rane preverbalne vještine, koje su preduvjet razvijanju vještine hranjenja i pijenja, kao i kasnijem razvoju artikulacije, svrstane su u komponente programa ranih intervencija.The main goal of this paper is to point out complex feeding process of infant from the perspective of professional achivment within Cabinet for early psychomotoric stimulation of the Center for Rehabilitation on Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences in Zagreb and Little House - Day care cnter for rehabilitation and occupational therapy for visually impaired children with multiple disabilities. Feeding of the child is not only the biological answer on baby’s metabolic demands, but it is complex network of behaviours, which is involved in actions and reactions of others from surrounding.In therapeutic process, which respect differences, promote collectiveness and share knowledge and experience, active involvement of the infant and the parents must be provide. In premature children, as in children with neurological problems, the stimulation of oral motoric abilities precede to the process of feeding, what will be present in this work. Oralfacial activities stimulate child’s face and mouth. They present the technique by which we can improve oral-motor control, frequency of swalowing and sensory awareness. They are used just before and during meals so that child can be as active as much as it can. These simple activities include touching, wiping and tapping techniques. Using them we can help child to use his mouth functionaly and to strentgh its oral skills, which are important for eating as for speech and facial expression development. Because they stimulate preverbal skills, which are basis for development of eating skills and for further development of articulation, they are important part of early intervention programme

Early education and rehabilitation development program in children with West syndrome

Rana intervencija je proces informiranja, savjetovanja, edukacije i podrške djeci u ranoj dobi kod koje je utvrđeno stanje mogućeg odstupanja u razvoju s visokim rizikom za daljnji razvoj, kao i njihovim obiteljima. Ovaj proces obuhvaća i djecu kod koje postoji čimbenik rizika za razvojno odstupanje koje bi kasnije moglo utjecati na njihov daljnji razvoj. Program rane intervencije može se pružati u različitim okruženjima, no naglasak se stavlja na prirodno okruženje djeteta. Pokazalo se da je program rane intervencije najefikasniji ako se s njim počne odmah po utvrđivanju odstupanja ili otkrivanju teškoće u razvoju. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je prikaz edukacijsko–rehabilitacijskog programa usmjerenog poticanju kognitivnih, emocionalnih, socijalnih, motoričkih, komunikacijskih i govornih vještina djece s višestrukim teškoćama u okviru Ranog razvojnog integracijskog programa za dijete s višestrukim teškoćama koji se provodi u Kabinetu za ranu psihomotoričku stimulaciju Centra za rehabilitaciju Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskog fakulteta Sveučilišta ua Zagrebu. Program se provodio u obitelji blizanki s West sindromom kronološke dobi 2,5 godine uz superviziju Kabineta za ranu psihomotoričku stimulaciju Centra za rehabilitaciju Edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskog fakulteta, kroz akademsku godinu 2010./2011. Rani razvojni integracijski program koji se provodio obuhvaćao je osnovne elemente neurorazvojnog tretmana (NDT), programa senzorne integracije, kognitivne elemente razvoja (Piagetova teorija poticanja kognitivnog razvoja i funkcionalno učenje), Dennisonovu edukinestetičku metodu, komponente govora i jezika, orofacijalnu stimulaciju te podršku obitelji. Za postupke procjene i evaluacije korištena je Münchenska funkcionalna razvojna dijagnostika i Gunzburg test čije komponente se koriste kao varijable ovog istraživanja. Kao metoda obrade podataka korištena je INDIF komponentna analiza stanja ispitanika kroz niz jednako udaljenih vremenskih točaka. Uzimajući u obzir statističke pokazatelje, može se zaključiti da je Rani razvojni integracijski program imao pozitivan utjecaj na razvoj djevojčica. Kako bi u potpunosti mogli razumjeti njihov razvoj treba uzeti u obzir genetsku predispoziciju te okruženje u kojem odrastaju.Early intervention is the process of informing, consulting, training and support to children at early age at which the state of the possible variations in the development of a high risk for further development, as well as their families, is determined. This process includes children at risk factor for developmental deviations that would later have an impact on their future development. Early intervention program can be provided in a variety of environments, but the focus is on the natural environment of the child. It turned out that the program is the most effective if the early intervention began immediately after determining deviations or disclosure of a disability. The main objective of this paper is to present educational and rehabilitation programs, which objective is to foster cognitive, emotional, social, motor, and communication skills of children with multiple disabilities in the early-integration program. The program was conducted in the family with twins with West syndrome chronological, age 2.5 years, under the supervision of the Cabinet in early psychomotoric stimulation of the Rehabilitation Centre for Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, during the academic year 2010-2011. Early developmental integration program, that was implemented, included the basic elements of neuro-developmental treatment (hereinafter: NDT), sensory integration programs, cognitive elements of development (Piaget’s theory of cognitive development and promotion of functional learning), elements of Dennison educational kinesiology, the components of speech and language, orofacial stimulation and support to the family. Procedures for the assessment and evaluation used Munich Developmental Diagnostic and Gunzburg test whose components are used as variables of the study. As a data processing method was used INDIF component analysis through a series of equally distant time points. Taking into account the statistical data, it can be concluded that the early developmental integration program had a positive impact on the development of girls. In order fully to be able to understand their development needs to take into account the genetic predisposition and the environment in which they grow up

Some Aspects of the Quality of Life of the Adolescents with and without Cerebral Palsy

Kvaliteta života je individualan doživljaj zadovoljstva životom. Zadovoljstvo opcenito vlastitom kvalitetom života, ali i pojedinim dimenzijama koje ju odreðuju, utvrðujemo subjektivnim pristupom na osnovi procijenjenog stupnja zadovoljstva kod pojedinca. Cilj ovog istraživanja odnosio se na utvrðivanje nekih aspekata kvalitete života adolescenata sa i bez cerebralne paralize. Uzorak istraživanja cinile su dvije skupine ispitanika; prvu skupinu cinilo je 80 ispitanika s cerebralnom paralizom, a drugu 80 ispitanika bez cerebralne paralize. Istraživanje je provedeno u okviru projekta: “Samoprocjena nekih aspekata kvalitete života adolescenata s cerebralnom paralizom”. Primijenjen je mjerni instrument “Upitnik za samoprocjenu kvalitete života (USKŽ)” (konstruiran za potrebe ovog istraživanja), koji ima utvrđene mjerne karakteristike i primjenjiv je u istraživacke svrhe za procjenu doživljaja zadovoljstva u nekim aspektima kvalitete života. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da se ispitanici s cerebralnom paralizom razlikuju od ispitanika bez cerebralne paralize u nekim aspektima kvalitete života. Adolescenti s cerebralnom paralizom izražavaju vece zadovoljstvo u varijablama koje pokrivaju socijalni aspekt kvalitete života, dok adolescenti bez cerebralne paralize procjenjuju da su zadovoljniji u varijablama koje odreðuju psihološki aspekt kvalitete života. Dobiveni rezultati potvrðuju odreðenje kvalitete života kao složene psihološke kategorije determinirane objektivnim okolnostima u kojima pojedinac živi, karakteristikama njegove licnosti te razinom ocekivanja. Utjecaj spola, kronološke dobi i vrste srednje škole na procijenjenu kvalitetu života nije statisticki znacajan što ukazuje na nepostojanje kvantitativnih razlika izmeðu ispitanika sa i bez cerebralne paralize. Težina motorickog ispada utjecala je na samoprocjenu nekih aspekata kvalitete života adolescenata s cerebralnom paralizom. Samostalno pokretni ispitanici s cerebralnom paralizom isticu zdravlje kao bitan element kvalitete života i razlika među njima.The quality of life is the individual experience of satisfaction in life. The satisfaction in general with the person\u27s quality of life but also with the individual dimensions determining it, is determined by subjective approach based on the assessed level of satisfaction of the individual. The scope of the research has been to establish some aspects of the quality of life of the adolescents with and without cerebral palsy. The research sample was made of the two groups of the respondents; the first group was made of 80 respondents with cerebral palsy, and the second of 80 respondents without cerebral palsy. The investigation was conducted within the Project of "Self-Assessment of Some Aspects of the Quality of Life of the Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy". The applied measuring instrument was the "Questionnaire for Self-Assessment of the Quality of Life (USKŽ)" (made for the requirements of the research), with the determined measuring characteristics and applicable for the research purposes for assessment of the experience of satisfaction in some aspects of the quality of life. The results of the research have shown that in some aspects of the quality of life the respondents with cerebral palsy differ from the respondents without cerebral palsy. The adolescents with cerebral palsy have shown greater satisfaction in the variables covering the social aspect of the quality of life, while the adolescents without cerebral palsy have assessed to experience more satisfaction in the variable determining the psychological aspect of the quality of life. The obtained results have confirmed the definition of the quality of life as complex category determined by the objective circumstances in which the individual lives, traits of his/her personality and level of expectation. The impact of the sex, chronological age and type of the high school education on the assessed quality of life is not statistically significant which indicates the inexistent quantitative difference between the respondents with and without cerebral palsy. The degree of the motor disorder has affected the self-assessment of some aspects of the quality of life of the adolescents with cerebral palsy. The respondents with cerebral palsy independent in terms of motion have emphasized health as the important element of the quality of life and differences among them

Some aspects of early intervention in childhood researches

Rano djetinjstvo najkritičnije je razdoblje u razvoju svakog djeteta jer je iznimno važno za stjecanje ranog iskustva i razvoja mozga u cijelosti. Klinička iskustva pokazala su da se ranom intenzivnom primjenom programa stimulacije mogu postižu veliki rezultati. Problem opisanog istraživanja odnosi se na brojne prepreke koje priječe sustavno i potpuno provođenje rane intervencije u Hrvatskoj. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati odjeke suvremenih zbivanja rane intervencije na podru ju Zagreba te provjeriti informiranost mladih roditelja koji nisu direktno pogođeni ovim problemom. Istraživanjem su obuhva!ena 82 roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju iz različitih udruga, ustanova i centara na području Grada Zagreba te 200 roditelja djece tipičnog razvoja iz redovnih vrtića Grada Zagreba. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na nezadovoljstvo roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju pravovremenoš!u i kvalitetom informiranja o mogućim tretmanima i rehabilitaciji djeteta kao i suradnjom među stručnjacima različitih struka. Rezultati ispitivanja informiranosti dobiveni na uzorku roditelja djece tipičnog razvoja, pokazuju nedovoljnu informiranost ispitanih roditelja o području rada edukacijsko-rehabilitacijskog stručnjaka. Također, ističe se nedovoljna informiranost o važnosti ranog uključivanja u rehabilitacijski tretman kao i o mjestima gdje mogu potražiti pomoć i savjet ukoliko primijete odstupanje kod svoga djeteta. Sve to ukazuje na potrebu informiranja javnosti, te sadašnjih i budućih roditelja, o važnosti rane intervencije u djetinjstvu. Isto tako i na potrebu bolje suradnje i timskog rada među stručnjacima različitih medicinskih i pomagačkih struka.Early childhood is the most critical period in the development of every child because it is extremely important for the acquisition of early experience and brain development in their entirety. The reason for stressing the importance of early action and the inclusion of children in treatment is the ability of brain tissue of children in that period to maintain functional capacity by substituting damaged tissue with some other nervous tissues. Clinical experience has shown that early intensive application of stimulation can achieve great results. The problem of the described research refers to numerous barriers that prevent full and systematic implementation of early intervention in Croatia. The aim of research was to investigate repercussions of contemporary events of early intervention in the area of Zagreb and check the degree of information of young parents who are not directly affected by this problem. The study includes 82 parents of children with disabilities in the development of various associations, institutions and centers in the area of City Zagreb and 200 parents of children with typical development that are included in regular kindergartens in the City of Zagreb. Obtained results suggest dissatisfaction of the parents of children with disabilities in development with the quality of information about possible treatments and rehabilitation of the child as well as cooperation among experts of different professions. Results of information obtained on a sample of parents of children with typical development, show insufficient awareness surveyed parents about the field of special educator ‘s work. Also, is notable insufficient awareness of the importance of early involvement in rehabilitation treatment as well as the places where they can seek help and advice in case they notice discrepancies with their child. All this points out the need for informing the public and present and future parents about the importance of early interventions in childhood. It also points out the need for better cooperation and teamwork among experts of different medical and supporting professions

CHILD IN CONTEMPORARY CROATIAN SOCIETY

U Zagrebu je 12. prosinca 2009. održan simpozij »Dijete u suvremenome hrvatskom društvu«, koji su organizirali Hrvatsko pedijatrijsko društvo, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Ministarstvo zdravstva i socijalne skrbi i UNICEF za Hrvatsku. Predavači su prikazali važne podatke o teškoćama kojima su izložena djeca u Hrvatskoj. Naime, nove bolesti, koje su u suvremenom svijetu sve češće u djece, zahtijevaju od svih koji su uključeni u zdravstvenu zaštitu djece nove pristupe radu, što podrazumijeva i dodatnu edukaciju. To nisu bolesti uobičajene u svakodnevnoj liječničkoj praksi. Pristup društva, zbog raznolikosti teškoća s kojima se djeca suočavaju, može biti samo multidisciplinaran. Temeljni nacionalni interes društva je usmjeriti više pozornosti i financijska sredstva na zdravstvenu zaštitu djece, jer to osigurava opstanak i zdravu budućnost društva. Taj pristup zahtijeva nacionalni konsenzus i jasnu političku odluku svih odgovornih službi.The symposium on the topic »Child in contemporary Croatian society«, organized by Croatian Pediatric Society, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ministry of health and social welfare and UNICEF Croatia Office, was held in Zagreb on December 12, 2009. The lecturers have shown important information on difficulties the children in Croatia are exposed to. Namely, diseases of the so called »new morbidity«, which are becoming more and more frequent in the contemporary world, demand a new approach of work from all who participate in healthcare for children, including additional education. These diseases are not part of a practitioner’s routine activity. Due to variety of problems children are exposed to, the approach can be only multidisciplinary. Basic national interest of every country (basic interest of every human society) should be to direct more attention and financial resources to the healthcare of children, which would ensure the existence and healthy future of the society. This approach requires a national consensus and clear political decision of all responsible official services

CHILD IN CONTEMPORARY CROATIAN SOCIETY

U Zagrebu je 12. prosinca 2009. održan simpozij »Dijete u suvremenome hrvatskom društvu«, koji su organizirali Hrvatsko pedijatrijsko društvo, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, Ministarstvo zdravstva i socijalne skrbi i UNICEF za Hrvatsku. Predavači su prikazali važne podatke o teškoćama kojima su izložena djeca u Hrvatskoj. Naime, nove bolesti, koje su u suvremenom svijetu sve češće u djece, zahtijevaju od svih koji su uključeni u zdravstvenu zaštitu djece nove pristupe radu, što podrazumijeva i dodatnu edukaciju. To nisu bolesti uobičajene u svakodnevnoj liječničkoj praksi. Pristup društva, zbog raznolikosti teškoća s kojima se djeca suočavaju, može biti samo multidisciplinaran. Temeljni nacionalni interes društva je usmjeriti više pozornosti i financijska sredstva na zdravstvenu zaštitu djece, jer to osigurava opstanak i zdravu budućnost društva. Taj pristup zahtijeva nacionalni konsenzus i jasnu političku odluku svih odgovornih službi.The symposium on the topic »Child in contemporary Croatian society«, organized by Croatian Pediatric Society, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ministry of health and social welfare and UNICEF Croatia Office, was held in Zagreb on December 12, 2009. The lecturers have shown important information on difficulties the children in Croatia are exposed to. Namely, diseases of the so called »new morbidity«, which are becoming more and more frequent in the contemporary world, demand a new approach of work from all who participate in healthcare for children, including additional education. These diseases are not part of a practitioner’s routine activity. Due to variety of problems children are exposed to, the approach can be only multidisciplinary. Basic national interest of every country (basic interest of every human society) should be to direct more attention and financial resources to the healthcare of children, which would ensure the existence and healthy future of the society. This approach requires a national consensus and clear political decision of all responsible official services