Study on indicators of diabetic nephropathy

Background: Microalbuminuria, serum creatinine, albumin/ creatinine ratio & eGFR are currently in use for early changes in DN. Serum SA levels correlate positively with albuminuria which is indicator for DN, hence serum levels are raised even before clinical nephropathy is diagnosed. An elevation in the serum SA concentration has been observed in DN in the study conducted by Jarkko Romppanen. Thus research was undertaken to study indicators of DN like SA, HbA1c, lipid profile, Serum Creatinine & Urine albumin/ Creatinine ratio. Objectives: To estimate levels of Serum SA, HbA1c, Lipid profile, Serum Creatinine & Urine albumin/Creatinine ratio in type 2 DM & DN patients. Methods: Serum SA by resorcinol-HCl-Copper reagent method, Glycated Hb by Ion exchange resin method, Lipid profile by enzymatic method, Serum Creatinine by Jaffe’s method, Urine albumin/ creatinine ratio (UAC)- Urine albumin & creatinine by Immuno-turbidometry. Results: Serum SA concentration significantly increased in DN when compared to DM and positively co-related with other factors like glycemic control (HbA1c), lipid profile, Serum creatinine & UAC. Hence, serum SA levels could be used as early indicator of DN. Conclusion: SA levels in DN were increased & statistically significant when compared to DM without nephropathy. The mean HbA1c, TC, triglyceride, LDL, serum creatinine, & urine A/C ratio were significantly increased & were correlated positively with SA

Discriminating neutrino mass models using Type II seesaw formula

In this paper we propose a kind of natural selection which can discriminate the three possible neutrino mass models, namely the degenerate, inverted hierarchical and normal hierarchical models, using the framework of Type II seesaw formula. We arrive at a conclusion that the inverted hierarchical model appears to be most favourable whereas the normal hierarchical model follows next to it. The degenerate model is found to be most unfavourable. We use the hypothesis that those neutrino mass models in which Type I seesaw term dominates over the Type II left-handed Higgs triplet term are favoured to survive in nature.Comment: No change in the results, a few references added, some changes in Type[IIB] calculation

Corneal fibroma: An uncommon stromal tumor

A 56-year-old male patient presented with a slow-growing, elevated, smooth, white corneal mass. The mass was excised by performing an alcohol-assisted keratoepitheliectomy and sent for histopathological examination. Subepithelially, closely packed spindle cells in “feather-stitched” or storiform pattern were seen. Immunohistochemically, the cells stained negatively for CD-34 and S-100 and focal positivity was seen for vimentin. Based on the morphology and immunochemical staining, a diagnosis of corneal fibroma was made. No recurrence was seen. Corneal fibroma is an exceedingly rare, benign tumor and possibly lies on the same spectrum as corneal keloid and hypertrophic cicatrix. Surgical resection is usually curative