Design of the new structure and capabilities of LADM edition II including 3D aspects

The decision to refine the existing content and to extend the scope of Edition I of the ISO 19152:2012 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is a response to requests from the international Land Administration (LA) community. This response has to be formally organised in accordance with ISO guidelines. This begins with gathering feedback from ISO/TC 211 Member States on the need for updated and enhanced capabilities of the LADM. In addition, several proposals have been made to extend the scope of the LADM Edition I. After analysing the feedback received, it was proposed to develop the LADM Edition II as a multi-part standard: Part 1 — Generic conceptual model, Part 2 — Land registration, Part 3 — Marine georegulation, Part 4 — Valuation information, Part 5 — Spatial plan information and Part 6 — Implementation aspects. In other words, Edition I focuses on land tenure, while the design and development of Edition II is based on the inclusion of rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) concerning marine georegulation, valuation information, spatial plan information as well as LADM implementation. 3D representations are relevant for all parts.This paper focuses on the design of the new structure of the second edition of the LADM and on the (operational) capabilities of this new edition in relation to the LA issues in Parts (standards addressing a specific part of the scope) and Packages (groups of conceptually close classes), with a particular attention to the requirements and design related decisions taken in the revision process. The parts 1, 2, 4 and 5 are the parts in which the authors are currently involved. Part 1 will be a high-level umbrella standard; Part 2 is largely based on LADM Edition I and focuses on land registration, with an enhanced support on the surveying functionality, including new subclasses of spatial unit, and extended 3D spatial profiles. Part 3 harmonises the description of RRRs and aligns land concepts with marine aspects from the marine domain based on the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) S121 Maritime Limits and Boundaries Product Specification. Part 4 deals with valuation information used and produced in the context of land administration, while Part 5 deals with spatial planning information and includes the planned use of the land (zoning), resulting in RRRs. Lastly, Part 6 is planned to be about implementation of the LADM and will be developed in close collaboration with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)

COMBINATION OF SPECKLE DIVERGENCE AND NEIGHBORHOOD ANALYSIS TO CLASSIFY SETTLEMENT FROM TERASAR-X DATA

Abstract.  The  objectives  of  this  research  were  to  develop  and  improve  methods  for determination  of  settlements  area  with  focus  on  synthetic  aperture  radar  (SAR)  data. Remote  sensing  settlement  classification  has  made  great  progress,  both  for  optical  and radar  data  as  well  for  their  fusion.  Yet,  in  radar  imagery,  settlement  classification  still contains  some  problems.  Several  studies  on  application  of  radar  imagery  have  been conducted  using  techniques  such  as  textural  analysis,  multi-temporal  analysis,  statistical model,  spatial  indexes,  and  object-based  classification.  Most  of  the  development  methods have several problems in the specific area especially in the tropical country. Several studies also  showed  that  settlement  classification  accuracies  were  just  below  60%.    This  was  not sufficient    enough  to  classify  settlement  areas  using  SAR  imagery.  Therefore,  in  this research, we proposed a new method i.e., the combination of the speckle divergence and the neighborhood  analysis.  The  proposed  method  was  applied  to  classify  settlement  area  in Cilacap  and  Padang  Districts  of  Indonesia.  The  results  showed  that  the  proposed  method produced a good accuracy i.e., 85.5% for Cilacap Districts and 78.1% for Padang Districts.

Combination of Speckle Divergence and Neighborhood Analysis to Classify Settlement from TerraSAR-X Data

Abstract. The objectives of this research were to develop and improve methods for determination of settlements area with focus on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Remote sensing settlement classification has made great progress, both for optical and radar data as well for their fusion. Yet, in radar imagery, settlement classification still contains some problems. Several studies on application of radar imagery have been conducted using techniques such as textural analysis, multi-temporal analysis, statistical model, spatial indexes, and object-based classification. Most of the development methods have several problems in the specific area especially in the tropical country. Several studies also showed that settlement classification accuracies were just below 60%. This was not sufficient enough to classify settlement areas using SAR imagery. Therefore, in this research, we proposed a new method i.e., the combination of the speckle divergence and the neighborhood analysis. The proposed method was applied to classify settlement area in Cilacap and Padang Districts of Indonesia. The results showed that the proposed method produced a good accuracy i.e., 85.5% for Cilacap Districts and 78.1% for Padang Districts.p.1-11: ilus. ; 30 c

Flood and Planetary Surface Management Satellite "HERMES"

This presentation was part of the session : Poster SessionsSixth International Planetary Probe WorkshopHERMES (Highly Enhanced Risk Management Emergency Satellite) is potential European satellite mission for global flood management, being implemented by Technical University Munich and European Space Agency. With its main instrument - a reliable and precise Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna - and its orbit characteristics (covering the whole earth surface in 3 days, low altitude), HERMES will provide stand-alone-data for: flood disaster monitoring, flood forecasting and flood prevention. Data obtained by HERMES can be used for commercial soil type maps (e.g. for optimized land use). As only highly effective and orbit proven hardware is used, HERMES is designed to be reliable, precise and of low cost. The project can be extended for use on other space bodies (planets) for rapid observation of the planetary surface.Technical University Munich, Germany ; European Space Agency ; ESPAC

The Foundation of Edition II of the Land Administration Domain Model

A new edition of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is under further development in ISO/TC 211 on Geographic Information. The Committee is developing this new edition of the LADM – as multipart – working titles are as follows: Part 1 – Fundamentals Part 2 – Land Registration Part 3 – Marine Space Georegulation Part 4 – Valuation Information Part 5 – Spatial Plan Information Part 6 – Implementations The decision to publish LADM Edition II as multipart had as a consequence that a New Work Item Proposal (NWIP) and a Working Draft (WD) have to be formulated for each Part. In 2020, the NWIP/WD have been submitted to ISO/TC 211 for Part 1 by Standards Australia (SA) with input from the author team on behalf of the FIG. The result of the voting was positive. Comments have been submitted, which will be processed and used in the next stage of the standard: the Committee Draft. It is planned that FIG will submit the NWIP for Part 2 before summer 2021. And it is expected that the same will happen this year for Parts 4 and 5. Those submissions are expected to be in close cooperation with other international professional organisations (i.e. IHO, RICS, OGC, etc.). The editors of the LADM Edition II have the intention to publish papers on the developments on a regular basis. It is important to remember that these are ongoing developments with undergoing changes and may change at the time of the voting rounds. However, the main concepts and development will be communicated to the reader. This paper will focus on the developments and related discussions for Part 1 of the LADM Edition II. This part provides the definitions, a general overview of the model in its individual packages and a more detailed overview of the LA_Source (with a backwards compatible integrated administrative and spatial source added) and VersionedObject (now with standardized support for the bi-temporal model with intervals for both system and real world times) classes

Joint ISO/TC211 and OGC Revision of the LADM: Valuation Information, Spatial Planning Information, SDG Land Indicators, Refined Survey Model, Links to BIM, Support of LA Processes, Technical Encodings, and Much More on Their Way!

ISO standards, which are actually being applied, are subject to periodic revision, typically in a 6 to 10-year cycle. A UN-GGIM Meeting of the Expert Group on Land Administration and Management was held on 14-15 March 2017, in Delft and the main conclusion was that the revision of LADM was indeed needed in order to provide better tools to improve tenure security and better land and property rights for all. It was also noted that land administration is a rather complex domain, and thus the revision will involve many stakeholders, namely: ISO, FIG, OGC, UN-Habitat, UN-GGIM, World bank, GLTN (Global Land Tool Network), IHO, RICS, etc.. Further goals of the revision include: providing reliable Land Administration Indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), developing standard(s) supporting a Fit-for-Purpose approach, paying attention to implementations and tools (not just conceptual model), and inclusion of valuation information (which might help to define/support the Fit-for-Purpose approach). In order to prepare the LADM revision, two workshops were organized: 16-17 March 2017 (Delft) and 11-13 April 2018 (Zagreb), with experts involved in the development of the initial version of LADM and representatives of all the mentioned stakeholders. For the purpose of the revision, it is important to analyze and compare currently operational and proposed country profiles and their implementations of the first version of LADM, ISO 19152:2012. This paper gives an overview of the status of developments and the related proposals