Industrial Applications of Green Solvents

Green chemistry aims at reducing pollution and avoiding hazardous waste in the environment, as well as in a number of industrial applications, including chemical, pharmaceutical, paint and leather industries. The book focuses on new applications of green solvents (water, ionic liquids, supercritical carbon dioxide, terpenes) in such areas as chemical synthesis (including lipase-catalyzed reactions, organic synthesis, esterification reactions), gas separation membranes, environment-friendly products, low energy requirement processes and alternatives to hazardous substances."Зеленая химия" направлена на снижение загрязнения и предотвращение образования опасных отходов в окружающей среде, а также в ряде отраслей промышленности, включая химическую, фармацевтическую, лакокрасочную и кожевенную промышленность. Книга посвящена новым областям применения экологически чистых растворителей (вода, ионные жидкости, сверхкритический диоксид углерода, терпены) в таких областях, как химический синтез (включая реакции, катализируемые липазой, органический синтез, реакции этерификации), мембраны для разделения газов, экологически чистые продукты, процессы с низким энергопотреблением и альтернативы опасным веществам

Supercapacitor technology: materials, processes and architectures

The book covers inorganic, organic and gel-polymer electrolytes, electrodes and separators used in different types of supercapacitors. Keywords: Supercapacitors, Rechargeable Batteries, Organic Electrolytes, Inorganic Electrolytes, Gel Polymer based Supercapacitors, Redox Electrolytes, Starch-Based Electrolytes, Flexible Supercapacitors, Pseudocapacitors, Carbon Nanoarchitectures for Supercapacitors, Photo-Supercapacitors, Bimetal Oxides/Sulfides for Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Biosensors: materials and applications

This book presents recent developments in the field of biosensors and their applications in healthcare. Keywords: Biosensors, Environmental Contaminants, Disease-causing Pathogens, Genetic Material, Tumor Cells, Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Monitoring Molecules in vivo, Aptasensors, Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Biomarkers, Nanobiosensors, Theranostics, Bio-recognition, DNA Biosensors, Hydroxide Based Biosensors, Nanoparticles Combating Infections. Healthcare

Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization, and Microrobotics Applications of Polyvinyl Chloride- (PVC-) Based PANI/PEDOT: PSS/ZrP Composite Cation-Exchange Membrane

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) zirconium(IV) phosphate (ZrP) based ionomeric membrane was prepared by a solution-casting method. Subsequently, aniline polymerization was carried out on the surface of the membrane by oxidative chemical polymerization. It was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis/differential thermogravimetry (TGA/DTA/DTG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The membrane was also characterized by ion-exchange properties. The tip displacement investigation of the ionomeric membrane was also carried out. The outcomes demonstrated that the manufactured ionomeric membrane could produce generative strengths (tip powers), and consequently create good displacement. In this manner, the proposed ionomeric membrane was found proper for bending movement actuator that will give a successful and promising stage for smaller-scale mechanical applications

Biocompatible mediated bioanode prepared by using poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and sulfonated graphene oxide integrated enzyme for biofuel cells applications

In this study, a bioanode for biofuel cells was produced using a composite of poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) wherein SGO shows synergistic impact by going about as charge adjusting dopant and a conductive filler. The conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS alongside SGO fill in as a way to encourage electron transfer and co-immobilize the enzyme in the meantime. Extensive surface area controlled by SGO prompts high catalyst stacking and empowers to enhance the current density of the fuel cells. Ferritin additionally upgrades the transportation of electrons by going about as a redox mediator that effectively transfers electrons from enzyme to the conducting support. Examination of electrochemical execution of modified bioanode in presence of glucose was completed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at various scan rates (20–100 mV s−1) in 35 mM of glucose concentrations prepared in 0.3 M potassium ferrocyanide [K4Fe(CN)6] solution. The findings showed that current increases with increase in glucose concentration and anode displayed good electrocatalytic action with saturation current density of 27 ± 2 mA cm−2. Keywords: Bioanode, Biofuel cells, Biocompatible, Ferritin, Glucose oxidas