Defect structure of BZCYYb17 and theoretical behavior and performance of SOFC’s with BZCYYb17 electrolyte

In this work, maximum power density of SOFC with BZCYYb17(BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-d) electrolyte as the function of thickness was calculated by integrating partial conductivities of charge carriers under various DC bias conditions at a fixed oxygen chemical potential gradient at both sides of the electrolyte. The partial conductivities were calculated by fitting various total conductivities in diverse thermodynamic conditions (temperature, partial pressure of oxygen and partial pressure of vapor) using equations from defect model. From the fitting, not only we can get the partial conductivities as a function of temperature, oxygen partial pressure and hydrogen partial pressure but also mobility of each carriers and reaction constant of oxidation and hydration. Spatial distribution of oxygen chemical potential and hydrogen chemical potential across the electrolyte were calculated based on Choudhury and Patterson’s model by considering zero electrode polarization. At positive voltage conditions corresponding to SOFC and SOEC, the high conductivity region near n-type to p-type transition was expanded, but ad negative cell voltage conditions, the low conductivity region near n-type to p-type transition was expanded. The current- voltage characteristics in different conditions with temperature and thickness dependence were calculated with vapor partial pressure of each electrode is 0.03, oxygen partial pressure of the cathode 0.21 and hydrogen partial pressure of the anode 0.97

Non-Iterative Tone Mapping With High Efficiency and Robustness

This paper proposes an efficient approach for tone mapping, which provides a high perceptual image quality for diverse scenes. Most existing methods, optimizing images for the perceptual model, use an iterative process and this process is time consuming. To solve this problem, we proposed a new layer-based non-iterative approach to finding an optimal detail layer for generating a tone-mapped image. The proposed method consists of the following three steps. First, an image is decomposed into a base layer and a detail layer to separate the illumination and detail components. Next, the base layer is globally compressed by applying the statistical naturalness model based on the statistics of the luminance and contrast in the natural scenes. The detail layer is locally optimized based on the structure fidelity measure, representing the degree of local structural detail preservation. Finally, the proposed method constructs the final tone-mapped image by combining the resultant layers. The performance evaluation reveals that the proposed method outperforms the benchmarking methods for almost all the benchmarking test images. Specifically, the proposed method improves an average tone mapping quality index-II (TMQI-II), a feature similarity index for tone-mapped images (FSITM), and a high-dynamic range-visible difference predictor (HDR-VDP)-2.2 by up to 0.651 (223.4%), 0.088 (11.5%), and 10.371 (25.2%), respectively, compared with the benchmarking methods, whereas it improves the processing speed by over 2611 times. Furthermore, the proposed method decreases the standard deviations of TMQI-II, FSITM, and HDR-VDP-2.2, and processing time by up to 81.4%, 18.9%, 12.6%, and 99.9%, respectively, when compared with the benchmarking methods.11Ysciescopu

Difference in the Cobb Angle Between Standing and Supine Position as a Prognostic Factor After Vertebral Augmentation in Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures

Objective We retrospectively analyzed patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) undergoing vertebral augmentation to compare the Cobb angle changes in the supine and standing positions and the clinical outcomes. Methods We retrospectively extracted the data of OVCF patients who underwent vertebral augmentation. Back pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Supine and standing radiographs were assessed before treatment to determine the Cobb angle and compression ratio. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff to predict favorable outcomes after vertebral augmentation. Results A total of 249 patients were included. We observed a statistically significant increase in the VAS score change with increasing Cobb angle and compression ratio (p < 0.001), and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a difference in the Cobb angle (odds ratio [OR], 1.27) and compression ratio (OR, 1.12) were the independent risk factors for predicting short-term favorable outcomes after vertebral augmentation. In addition, we found that the difference in the Cobb angle (OR, 1.05) was the only factor for predicting midterm favorable outcomes after vertebral augmentation. The optimal cutoff value of the difference in the Cobb angle for predicting midterm favorable outcomes was 35.526°. Conclusion We found that the midterm clinical outcome after vertebral augmentation was better when there was a difference of approximately 35% or more in the Cobb angle between the standing and supine positions. Surgeons should pay attention to the difference in the Cobb angle depending on the posture when deciding to perform vertebral augmentation in patients with OVCFs