New Liouville-type theorem for the stationary tropical climate model

We study the Liouville-type theorem for smooth solutions to the steady 3D tropical climate model. We prove the Liouville-type theorem if a smooth solution satisfies a certain growth condition in terms of $L^p$-norm on annuli, which improves the previous results, Theorem 1.1 (Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 44, 2021) by Ding and Wu, and Theorem 1.1 and Theorem 1.2 (Appl. Math. Lett. 138, 2023) by Yuan and Wang

Caprylate production with lactate as electron donor using Megasphaera hexanoica

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Total Syntheses of Tumor-Related Antigens N3: Probing the Feasibility Limits of the Glycal Assembly Method

The total syntheses of two octasaccharide antigens isolated from human milk, 1 and 2, and their corresponding allyl glycosides, 3 and 4, have been achieved by utilizing the glycal method. Convergent assembly of the core hexasaccharides and concurrent introduction of two α-l-fucosyl moieties at the late stage of the syntheses provided these complex carbohydrates in a concise manner. With synthetic material obtained, biological evaluations of these antigens as potential gastrointestinal cancer immunotherapeutic agents have been initiated

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of High-Glucosinolate-Synthesis Lines of <i>Brassica rapa</i>

Excessive oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are associated with the development of various diseases, including cancer. Glucosinolates (GSLs) are phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties, and doubled haploid lines (DHLs) of Brassica rapa with high GSL contents (HGSL) were intentionally developed from two edible subspecies of Brassica rapa: B. rapa subsp. trilocularis and B. rapa subsp. chinensis. The purpose of the present study is to assess the capacity of HGSL DHLs to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, compared to pak choi as a parental control. Our findings demonstrate that HGSL DH lines effectively suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, leading to the reduced levels of nitric oxide at non-toxic concentrations. Additionally, these lines exhibited scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species and free radicals. The enhanced antioxidant capacity of HGSL DHLs was mechanistically attributed to the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), the glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), and heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1). Furthermore, we confirmed that these effects were mediated through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway via p38 phosphorylation. Moreover, HGSL DHLs demonstrated inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation. Collectively, our results indicate that HGSL DHLs possess better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties compared to the parental control pak choi in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, suggesting that HGSL DHLs of Brassica rapa could be considered as a beneficial daily vegetable for reducing the risk of inflammation-associated diseases

Serum Potassium and All-cause Mortality Outcome of Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Prospective Observational Cohort Study in Korea

Hypokalemia has been suggested to be a risk factor in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Recently in US, a large peritoneal dialysis cohort study showed potassium abnormalities contribute disproportionately to the high death risk in PD patients. This issue was reviewed in Korean ESRD cohort comparing to hemodialysis (HD). Patients and methods: A nationwide prospective observational cohort study (CRC-ESRD) was performed between August 2008 and October 2013. Among them, patients had been selected who checked serum potassium level at least twice within 18 months. Overall mortality rate was evaluated as outcome. Patients were divided into following four groups based on time-averaged potassium level: K<3.5, 3.5≤K<4.5, 4.5≤K<5.5, ≥5.5 mg/dL. They were analyzed to determine association of serum potassium with mortality using Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Follow-up data were available for 1,686 patients (HD 62.3%, PD 37.7%). The mean age was 58.2±13.9 years, and the ratio of men to women was 57% to 43%. Overall duration of dialysis was 1.9±3.9 years. PD patients significantly had lower serum potassium level comparing to HD patients (p<0.001). Serum potassium was <3.5 mg/dL in 10.7% of PD patients, whereas 2.2% in HD patients. During the mean 2.2 year follow up period, 142 patients died of mainly cardiac arrest and infection. Univariate analysis indicated that older age, history of congestive heart failure or diabetes could be the risk factor for mortality. Multivariate analysis proved PD patients with <3.5 mg/dL of time-averaged serum potassium to have all-cause mortality with adjusted hazard ratio of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.33-4.41) (p=0.004), whereas, HD patients was not. Among adjusted variables, PD patients who had diabetes or congestive heart failure tended to have higher risk of death with adjusted hazard ratio 1.7 (95% CI, 0.99-2.76) and 2.3 (95% CI 1.24-4.19) respectively. Conclusion: PD patients with hypokalemia (<3.5 mg/dL) have higher mortality risk. This study confirmed the previous cohort study in different ethnic group. Therefore, regardless of ethnicity, this result could be accepted

The Formation and Invariance of Canine Nose Pattern of Beagle Dogs from Early Puppy to Young Adult Periods

The formation and invariance of the canine nose pattern is studied. Nose images of ten beagle dogs were collected for ten months from month two to month eleven. The nose patterns in these images are examined visually and by a biometric algorithm. It is found that the canine nose pattern is fully formed at the end of the second month since birth and remains invariant until the end of the eleventh month. This study also strongly indicates that the canine nose pattern can be used as a unique biometric marker for each individual dog