Optimal design of optical analog solvers of linear systems

In this paper, given a linear system of equations A x = b, we are finding locations in the plane to place objects such that sending waves from the source points and gathering them at the receiving points solves that linear system of equations. The ultimate goal is to have a fast physical method for solving linear systems. The issue discussed in this paper is to apply a fast and accurate algorithm to find the optimal locations of the scattering objects. We tackle this issue by using asymptotic expansions for the solution of the underlyingpartial differential equation. This also yields a potentially faster algorithm than the classical BEM for finding solutions to the Helmholtz equation.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figure

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‘Research data management’ is booming. Urgently demanded and driven by such diverse actors as research funding institutions, who are interested in quality control and the efficient use of data, or the ‘Open’ movements, who advocate free access to knowledge, ethnologists and cultural anthropologists meet this topic with reluctance and often with skepticism. Rightly so, on the one hand, since the archiving of data and, above all, the intended reuse of data by third parties raise a number of practical, legal and ethical questions. On the other hand, the question of how digital data can be organized and especially permanently preserved and used is virulent also in the ethnological disciplines. In any case, the debate on the subject is urgent because overarching regulatory processes have long since been set in motion. This contribution discusses different aspects of the debate on data management and sketches problem areas, open questions and opportunities which can arise for the ethnological disciplines. Not least, the changing conditions of knowledge production and circulation which occur alongside the establishment of digital techniques and technologies require historical contextualization. Therefore, this contribution also attempts a discipline-specific historical categorization

Applying SOA Approach to Financial Institution: Case Study

A financial institution is an institution that conducts financial transactions, such as depositing money, taking out loans and/or exchanging currencies. Systems used by them like any other system tend to skew old, but, the replacement and integration of these systems is a difficult due to the heterogeneous nature. Due to this it is imperative to consider alternative infrastructure such as SOA (service-oriented architecture), which is seen as the best technology for internal and external interfaces, resulting cost reductions associated with its deployment; combined with standardized protocols, and increased interoperability among IT infrastructures. Studies shows that this flexible architecture will encourage innovation and increase the banks\u27 ability to react to customer feedback a lot more swiftly. An approach to building information system for the financial institution, based on the technology of SOA is discussed in the paper. The financial institution for which we have proposed a SOA based architecture is Saving House Mozhnosti, a financial institution that exists in the financial market for 17 years. The Savings House serves micro, small and middle enterprises that belong in the sector of trade, services and production as well as physical persons and offers financial products and services such as crediting and savings. It is recognizable for the support to the people in need to get financial support for their good business ideas, belief in free initiative, individual creativity and personal responsibility. As one successful financial institution, there is no doubt it can highly benefit by SOA approach. Our goal is to act as a guide in helping this institution tackle the types of issues using a services-based approach, thus improving customer experience. The proposed approach will improve the manageability of the system, increase its speed and reliability and provide security

A Steklov-spectral approach for solutions of Dirichlet and Robin boundary value problems

In this paper we revisit an approach pioneered by Auchmuty to approximate solutions of the Laplace- Robin boundary value problem. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach on a large class of non-tensorial domains, in contrast with other spectral approaches for such problems. We establish a spectral approximation theorem showing an exponential fast numerical evaluation with regards to the number of Steklov eigenfunctions used, for smooth domains and smooth boundary data. A polynomial fast numerical evaluation is observed for either non-smooth domains or non-smooth boundary data. We additionally prove a new result on the regularity of the Steklov eigenfunctions, depending on the regularity of the domain boundary. We describe three numerical methods to compute Steklov eigenfunctions

Development of the insurance market in North Macedonia and Croatia

The aim of this paper is to analyze the level of development of the insurance market in the two Western Balkan countries that have asymmetrical developmental, economic, social, security and insurance markets levels. This asymmetry of development and the insurance market is of interest to be analyzed as a result of the fact that these countries belong to the same region (Western Balkans), but Croatia is already the member of the EU and NATO for a decade while North Macedonia has a serious stagnation in Euro Atlantic integration that has had direct impacts on the risk and opportunity of developing the insurance market. The paper aims through a comparative approach to measure the level of the development of insurance market as an integral part of financial market and focus on the risks and opportunities that has influenced in market security developments to analyzed countries. Improved implementation of structural reform to analyzed countries and in particular reform in the life, property, business and public sector of requirements required the need for preparation of the security reform in the successful experience of developed countries in EU. The analyzed period (2007-2017) integrates three important fazes, the period of beginning and ending of the global financial crisis and the period of recovering after the financial crises. The crises had affected the economies of analyzed countries and in particular in the case of North Macedonia in terms of the development of the insurance market. With a comparative approach we analyze the performance of participants in insurance markets in terms of ownership, profitability, risks and opportunities in North Macedonia based on the experiences of Croatia as a member of EU. Specifically the paper analysis the insurance markets of the two countries of Western Balkan (North Macedonia and Croatia) and does not take into account other WB countries. Key words: Insurance market, financial market, life insurance, property insurance, North Macedonia, Croatia, UE. JEL classification: G22, G19, G20, I13, L10, O5

RUSSIANIZATION POLICY OF TSARISM AND BULLYING IN GEORGIAN EDUCATIONAL SPACE ACCORDING TO THE GEORGIAN PRESS OF THE 80S AND 90S OF THE 19TH CENTURY GEORGIANS’ FIGHT FOR THE PROTECTION OF GEORGIAN LANGUAGE

In 1801 after invading Georgia, Russia started to fight hard to break Georgian national consciousness, for this it was necessary to demolish the Georgian language. There are many noteworthy notes about the current situation in the magazines and newspapers of 80s and 90s of the 19th century which were published in Kutaisi. Here you will find information how the native language was prohibited, the study of Georgian children was restricted, and the schools were guided by Russians. "Mute Method" was introduced at schools. Russia tried to prove the unnecessity of the Georgian language. For example, if the number of Georgians in one of the educational institutions exceeded the number of other ethnicities, they tried not to find the learners who came from different parts of Georgia as Georgians in order to avoid the need for teaching Georgian language.At the same time, on the paper of the Georgian press you can find some speeches, protests. Some schools were closed. Georgians demanded the change of educational system. In general, all these served to protect the Georgian language and to strengthen its positions.Thus, in the 80s and 90s of the 19th century, the Georgian press leaders strictly criticized Russia's Tsarism educational policy because it did not meet the interests of the Georgian people. They thought that the content of the teaching should reflect the true nature of the people. It should be an active propagandist and conductor of national ideas.In 1801 after invading Georgia, Russia started to fight hard to break Georgian national consciousness, for this it was necessary to demolish the Georgian language. There are many noteworthy notes about the current situation in the magazines and newspapers of 80s and 90s of the 19th century which were published in Kutaisi. Here you will find information how the native language was prohibited, the study of Georgian children was restricted, and the schools were guided by Russians. "Mute Method" was introduced at schools. Russia tried to prove the unnecessity of the Georgian language. For example, if the number of Georgians in one of the educational institutions exceeded the number of other ethnicities, they tried not to find the learners who came from different parts of Georgia as Georgians in order to avoid the need for teaching Georgian language.At the same time, on the paper of the Georgian press you can find some speeches, protests. Some schools were closed. Georgians demanded the change of educational system. In general, all these served to protect the Georgian language and to strengthen its positions.Thus, in the 80s and 90s of the 19th century, the Georgian press leaders strictly criticized Russia's Tsarism educational policy because it did not meet the interests of the Georgian people. They thought that the content of the teaching should reflect the true nature of the people. It should be an active propagandist and conductor of national ideas

Structural and non-structural obstacles in the process of recognition of independence of Kosovo: 2008-2021

The process of recognition of Kosovo has continuously declined since the Declaration of Independence until 2021, the period covered in this paper. This process is characterized by external structural obstacles, as well as internal non-structural ones. Applying the content analysis method and semi-structured interviews, the paper emphasized that the main structural obstacle was the inability to accept the Ahtisaari Plan from the UN as a compromise choice. On the other hand, the non-recognition of the state of Kosovo by Serbia (supported by Russia) resulted in the division of the states into two large groups: "pro" and "contra" recognition. Meanwhile, due to these extreme divisions, a third group of states sees the recognition of Kosovo as an opportunity to solve the previous obstacles. Thus, Serbia has established clear schemes to hinder the development of the process, first by sending the case of Kosovo to the ICJ and later by presenting the Kosovo-Serbia negotiation as status negotiations. Meanwhile, the internal political instability in Kosovo and the wrong political approach towards potentially recognizing states are evident as non-structural obstacles in achieving new recognition

The Relationship Between Government Debt and Economic Growth in North Macedonia

This paper empirically investigates the long run relation between domestic and external general government debt and economic growth in North Macedonia. We analyze how the government debt at a certain point in time is correlated with the GDP growth rate. The study employs a regression model as well as ANOVA test in order to investigate the causal relationship between government debt and GDP growth rate using annual data for the time period 2005 – 2019. We find strong evidence for a significantly positive relation between domestic general government debt and growth and negative relation between external general government debt and growth