Performance of Forage Crops and Grass Mixtures in Kosovo

Grasslands represent a land-use which is effective and has great economical importance in the European agriculture. Grasslands these are important and effective sources of energy and proteins for ruminants, and combine high yields stability by draught resistance with low tillage operations and pesticide after use leading to good environmental conditions. Furthermore, good management practice in grasslands provides high potential of carbon sequestration in soils, resulting in climate change mitigation. Based on actual data, the meadows and pastures cover 224410.83 ha of total surface of the Kosovo; moreover there, just a particular of these surfaces are distinguished clearly as meadows or pastures. The most important forage crops which are dominant in our country include plants from Poaceae; this botanical family is divided into long, medium, and low herbs. Medium and long herbs are the best suited for mowing and silage or drying for sanitary preparations, while short herbs are very suitable for grassland. The most important of fodder or plants in Kosovo are: (Medicago sativa L.) alfalfa, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), etc. Legumes are of great importance for the creation and development artificial grasslands and very valuable mulching surfaces that produce very high yields that are not only useful for silage, but also for drying

UTJECAJ RAZLIČITIH TIPOVA SUPSTRATA NA INTENZITET RASTA PRESADNICA RAZLIČITIH HIBRIDA RAJČICE (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

Tomato together with pepper is main vegetable crop in Kosovo. Yearly tomato is planted on around 2.000 ha. Quality preparation of seedling is important precondition for successful production of tomato. Substrates used in Kosovo for production of tomato seedlings are different (it is same for other different vegetables). With the aim to test the effect of feeding substrate in growth and development of seedlings during different phases three types of substrates were used: loam (soil mixed with decomposed organic manure 50:50) - SP1, Peat 100% - SP2, and mixed loam + peat (50:50) - SP3. These substrates were tested in three tomato hybrids (Graziella, Big Beef and Amati). Design of experiment was based on case block system with three repetitions for every treatment (RBDE). Analysis included: roots fresh weight, root length, seedling height, internodes length, fresh stalk weight. Regarding roots fresh weight and roots length different results were achieved for different cultivars. Average general values for all three cultivars were 8.72 g and for length 22.22 cm. Hybrid Graziella for two parameters realized average values: maximal value for root fresh weight of 13.90 g (SP2) and root length of 27.83 cm (SP1). Amati achieved lower values of weight in substrate (SP3) 5.03 g. Graziella achieved lower values for root length in substrate SP1 18.23 cm. Difference for root fresh weight and roots length were highly significant at level 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. Also for seedling height and distance between nodies the results between substrates were significant at the level 0.05 and 0.01.Rajčica i paprika najvažnije su povrtne kulture na Kosovu. Rajčica se godišnje uzgaja na oko 2.000 ha. Kvaliteta proizvedenih presadnica važna je predispozicija za uspješnu proizvodnju rajčice. Supstrati koji se na Kosovu koriste za proizvodnju presadnica su različiti. U cilju utvrđivanja utjecaja supstrata na rast i razvoj presadnica rajčice u različitim fazama korištena su tri tipa supstrata: ilovasto tlo SP1 (tlo pomiješano s razgrađenom organskom tvari 50:50), treset SP 2 i treset pomiješan s ilovastim tlom SP3 (50:50). Supstrati su testirani na tri hibrida rajčice (Graziella, Big Bef i Amati). Pokus je postavljen po shemi običnog bloknog rasporeda u tri ponavljanja. Analizirana je masa svježeg korijena, dužina korijena, dužina presadnice, dužina internodija i težina svježe stabljike. Za težinu svježe stabljike i dužinu korijena ostvareni su različiti rezultati kod različitih hibrida. Prosječna težina svježe stabljike za sva tri hibrida bila je 8,72 g, a dužina korijena 22,22 cm. Hibrid Graziella je imao najveću masu svježeg korijena 13,90 g u supstratu SP2 i najduži korijen 27,83 cm u supstratu SP1. Hibrid Amati imao je najnižu masu svježe stabljike u supstratu SP3 a bila je 5,03 g dok je Graziella imala najmanju dužinu korijena pri uzgoju u supstratu SP1 od svega 18,23 cm. Statistički visoko značajne razlike između supstrata utvrđene su za masu svježeg korijena, njegovu dužinu kao i dužinu internodij

Components of genetic variability on maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for some quantitative parameters

Abstract The main objective of this study during two years investigations was to estimate some morphological and physiological parameters in 10 maize inbred lines with medium maturity. The experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with three replications

Morpho-physiological Traits and Mineral Composition on Local Maize Population Growing in Agro Ecological Conditions in Kosova

Twelve local maize populations were evaluated at the experimental farm, University of Prishtina, Kosovo. The study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variation in local maize populations for different morphological-physiological and chemical composition under field and laboratory conditions. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used for laying out the experiment. The results showed that there were significant differences for most morphological and physiological traits under study. The mean grain yield of all populations was 102.96 g plant-1. The protein and oil contents ranged between 11.53 to 9.43% and 4.23 to 4.87% respectively. The cellulose content varied from 6.03 to 6.37%. There were also big differences regarding phenotypic correlations. The present study revealed considerable amount of diversity among the local maize populations which could be manipulated for further improvement in maize breeding

The Qualitative Differences for Photosynthetic Content of Common Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) Populations&nbsp; in Kosovo

<p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif">Genetic diversity analysis of common bean populations is useful for breeding programs, as it helps to select genetic material to be used for further crossings. Twenty (20) common bean populations were analyzed using qualitative traits, chlorophyll “a” (Chl <i>‘a’</i>), chlorophyll “b” (Chl<i> ‘b’),</i> total chlorophyll “<i>a+b</i>” (Total<i> Chl)</i> and carotenoides. The design of the experiment was conducted with leaves of common bean collected from different regions of Kosovo. The experiment was completely randomly with four repetitions. Pigments were extracted by grinding 80-100 mg freshly sampled leaves in 80% (v/v) acetone/water containing MgCO_3,at room temperature, preserved in the dark for 24 hours. Concentration of chlorophyll and carotenoid content was measured by spectrophotometer using absorbance recorded at 663 nm, 644 nm and 452.3 nm for maximum absorption of Chl <i>‘a’</i>, Chl <i>‘b’</i>, and carotenoids respectively. According to our data the differences between populations for Chl <i>‘a’</i>, and Chl <i>‘b’</i> was significantly higher at level of probability LSD<i>p</i>=0.01. The average values for Chl <i>‘a’</i>, was 1.67 mg^.g^-1, while for Chl<i>‘b’</i>was 0.74 mg^.g^-1. In addition, the results for carotenoids content between populations were with high differences</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif">.</span></p

Genetic Diversity and Correlation for Grain Yield and Quality Traits in Local Maize (Zea mays L.)

The aim of the study was to estimate the genetic diversity and correlation analysis among yield and quality traits in 20 local maize populations. The study of variation included the quantity of grain yield, and quality traits such as protein, oil and starch content in grain. Results showed that there were significant differences among the populations. The mean grain yield of all populations was 79.33 g plant-1 and the highest in �GBK-7� (105.13 g plant-1). Protein and oil contents ranged between 11.02 to 13.02% and 2.56 to 5.57%, respectively and starch content varied from 68.58 to 70.92%. First two canonical discriminant functions were significant and the relevance of the first two discriminant functions justifying 95.80% variability among populations. There were also big differences regarding phenotypic correlations. Study suggests that the quality traits are phenotypically and genotypically highly variable and therefore very useful for breeding program

Morpho-physiological Traits and Mineral Composition on Local Maize Population Growing in Agro Ecological Conditions in Kosova

Twelve local maize populations were evaluated at the experimental farm, University of Prishtina, Kosovo. The study was conducted to assess the magnitude of genetic variation in local maize populations for different morphological-physiological and chemical composition under field and laboratory conditions. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used for laying out the experiment. The results showed that there were significant differences for most morphological and physiological traits under study. The mean grain yield of all populations was 102.96 g plant-1. The protein and oil contents ranged between 11.53 to 9.43% and 4.23 to 4.87% respectively. The cellulose content varied from 6.03 to 6.37%. There were also big differences regarding phenotypic correlations. The present study revealed considerable amount of diversity among the local maize populations which could be manipulated for further improvement in maize breeding