88 research outputs found
The Subaru FMOS Galaxy Redshift Survey (FastSound). III. The mass-metallicity relation and the fundamental metallicity relation at
We present the results from a large near-infrared spectroscopic survey with
Subaru/FMOS (\textit{FastSound}) consisting of 4,000 galaxies at
with significant H detection. We measure the gas-phase
metallicity from the [N~{\sc ii}]6583/H emission line ratio of
the composite spectra in various stellar mass and star-formation rate bins. The
resulting mass-metallicity relation generally agrees with previous studies
obtained in a similar redshift range to that of our sample. No clear dependence
of the mass-metallicity relation with star-formation rate is found. Our result
at is roughly in agreement with the fundamental metallicity relation
at with fiber aperture corrected star-formation rate. We detect
significant [S~{\sc ii}]6716,6731 emission lines from the
composite spectra. The electron density estimated from the [S~{\sc
ii}]6716,6731 line ratio ranges from 10 -- 500 cm, which
generally agrees with that of local galaxies. On the other hand, the
distribution of our sample on [N~{\sc ii}]6583/H vs. [S~{\sc
ii}]6716,6731/H is different from that found locally.
We estimate the nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio (N/O) from the N2S2 index,
and find that the N/O in galaxies at is significantly higher than
the local values at a fixed metallicity and stellar mass. The metallicity at
recalculated with this N/O enhancement taken into account decreases
by 0.1 -- 0.2 dex. The resulting metallicity is lower than the local
fundamental metallicity relation.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in PAS
Pharmacovigilance evaluation of the relationship between impaired glucose metabolism and BCRâABL inhibitor use by using an adverse drug event reporting database
Breakpoint cluster regionâAbelson murine leukemia (BCRâABL) inhibitors markedly improve the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. However, high treatment adherence is necessary for successful treatment with BCRâABL inhibitors. Therefore, an adequate understanding of the adverse event profiles of BCRâABL inhibitors is essential. Although many adverse events are observed in trials, an accurate identification of adverse events based only on clinical trial results is difficult because of strict entry criteria or limited followâup durations. In particular, BCRâABL inhibitorâinduced impaired glucose metabolism remains controversial. Pharmacovigilance evaluations using spontaneous reporting systems are useful for analyzing drugârelated adverse events in clinical settings. Therefore, we conducted signal detection analyses for BCRâABL inhibitorâinduced impaired glucose metabolism by using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Signals for an increased reporting rate of impaired glucose metabolism were detected only for nilotinib use, whereas these signals were not detected for other BCRâABL inhibitors. Subgroup analyses showed a clearly increased nilotinibâassociated reporting rate of impaired glucose metabolism in male and younger patients. Although FAERSâ and JADERâbased signal detection analyses cannot determine causality perfectly, our study suggests the effects on glucose metabolism are different between BCRâABL inhibitors and provides useful information for the selection of appropriate BCRâABL inhibitors
Growth of Acetaminophen Polymorphic Crystals and Solution-Mediated Phase Transition from Trihydrate to Form II in Agarose Gel
The growth of acetaminophen polymorphic crystals and the solution-mediated phase transition from trihydrate to form II in agarose gel were investigated. The form II crystals grown in gels, presumably because of the agarose content, dissolved less rapidly at high temperatures and were more stable than in water. The trihydrate crystals in the gel were also expected to be stabilized by containing agarose, but in fact the fine morphology resulted in reduced stability. The solution-mediated phase transition from trihydrate to form II via form II seeding took longer in the gel because the gel slowed down the dissolution of the trihydrate by hindering the dispersion of the form II seeds and delayed the growth of form II by reducing the diffusion rate of the molecules dissolved from the trihydrate. Delays in solution-mediated phase transition and changes in stability for crystals grown in gels indicate the effectiveness of gels in controlling polymorphisms in pharmaceutical compounds.Nishigaki A., Maruyama M., Tanaka S.I., et al. Growth of acetaminophen polymorphic crystals and solution-mediated phase transition from trihydrate to form II in agarose gel. Crystals 11, 1069 (2021); https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091069
Minor Contribution of Quasars to Ionizing Photon Budget at z~6: Update on Quasar Luminosity Function at the Faint-end with Subaru/Suprime-Cam
We constrain the quasar contribution to cosmic reionization based on our deep
optical survey of z~6 quasars down to z_R=24.15 using Subaru/Suprime-Cam in
three UKIDSS-DXS fields covering 6.5 deg^2. In Kashikawa et al. (2015), we
select 17 quasar candidates and report our initial discovery of two
low-luminosity quasars (M_1450~ -23) from seven targets, one of which might be
a Lyman alpha emitting galaxy. From an additional optical spectroscopy, none of
the four candidates out of the remaining ten turn out to be genuine quasars.
Moreover, the deeper optical photometry provided by the Hyper Suprime-Cam
Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP) shows that, unlike the two already-known
quasars, the i-z and z-y colors of the last six candidates are consistent with
M- or L-type brown dwarfs. Therefore, the quasar luminosity function (QLF) in
the previous paper is confirmed. Compiling QLF measurements from the literature
over a wide magnitude range, including an extremely faint AGN candidate from
Parsa et al. (2017}, to fit them with a double power-law, we find that the
best-fit faint-end slope is alpha=-2.04^+0.33_-0.18 (-1.98^+0.48_-0.21) and
characteristic magnitude is M_1450^*=-25.8^+1.1_-1.9 (-25.7^+1.0_-1.8) in the
case of two (one) quasar detection. Our result suggests that, if the QLF is
integrated down to M_1450=-18, quasars produce ~1-12% of the ionizing photons
required to ionize the whole universe at z~6 with 2sigma confidence level,
assuming that the escape fraction is f_esc=1 and the IGM clumpy factor is C=3.
Even when the systematic uncertainties are taken into account, our result
supports the scenario that quasars are the minor contributors of reionization.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, ApJL accepte
Development of monitoring tool by pharmacists
Purpose: Drug side effects often lead to serious outcomes. Administration of second-generation antipsychotics has resulted in diabetic ketoacidosis and diabetic coma leading to death. Therefore, pharmacists are required to collect information on clinical test values, determine the appropriate test timing, and coordinate with doctors for further clinical laboratory orders, all of which are labor- and time-intensive tasks. In this study, we developed a side effect-monitoring tool and aimed to clarify the influence and efficiency of monitoring side effects by using the tool in patients taking atypical antipsychotics in whom it is necessary to check clinical test values such as blood sugar levels.
Methods: We extracted clinical test values for patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics from electronic medical records. The test values are automatically displayed in the side effect grade classification specified by CTCAE ver. 4.0. A database was constructed using scripts to provide alerts for the timing of clinical testing. The pharmacist used this tool to confirm clinical test values for patients taking medication and requested the physician to inspect orders based on the appropriate test timings.
Results: The management tool reduced the pharmacistsâ effort in collecting information on patientsâ prescription status and test values. It enabled patients to undergo tests at the appropriate time according to the progression of glucose metabolism and allowed for easy monitoring of side effects.
Conclusion: The results suggested that regardless of pharmacistsâ experience or skill, the introduction of this tool enables centralization of side-effect monitoring and can contribute to proper drug use
Faint Quasars Live in the Same Number Density Environments as Lyman Break Galaxies at zâŒ4
Characterizing high-z quasar environments is key to understanding the
co-evolution of quasars and the surrounding galaxies. To restrict their global
picture, we statistically examine the g-dropout galaxy overdensity distribution
around 570 faint quasar candidates at z ~ 4, based on the Hyper Suprime-Cam
Subaru Strategic Program survey. We compare the overdensity significances of
g-dropout galaxies around the quasars with those around g-dropout galaxies, and
find no significant difference between their distributions. A total of 4 (22)
out of the 570 faint quasars, 0.7_{-0.4}^{+0.4} (3.9_{-0.8}^{+0.8}) %, are
found to be associated with the > 4 sigma overdense regions within an angular
separation of 1.8 (3.0) arcmin, which is the typical size of protoclusters at
this epoch. This is similar to the fraction of g-dropout galaxies associated
with the > 4 sigma overdense regions. This result is consistent with our
previous work that 1.3_{-0.9}^{+0.9} % and 2.0_{-1.1}^{+1.1} % of luminous
quasars detected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey exist in the > 4 sigma
overdense regions within 1.8 and 3.0 arcmin separations, respectively.
Therefore, we suggest that the galaxy number densities around quasars are
independent of their luminosity, and most quasars do not preferentially appear
in the richest protocluster regions at z ~ 4. The lack of an apparent positive
correlation between the quasars and the protoclusters implies that: i) the
gas-rich major merger rate is relatively low in the protocluster regions, ii)
most high-z quasars may appear through secular processes, or iii) some
dust-obscured quasars exist in the protocluster regions.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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