Determinants of local community participation in forest fire management in the northern Iran: Determinants of local community participation in forest fire management

peer reviewedForest fire is one of the environmental events that occur under the influence of human and non-human (such as lightning, volcanoes, etc.) factors. In Iran, forest fires are a recurring problem. Human activities, such as negligence by local communities or travelers, play a major role in their occurrence. Intentional and unintentional fires pose the most significant threats, leading to the destruction of vast forest areas, especially in northern Iran, in recent years. In this regard, the participation of local communities in the management of such occurrences is essential. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of local community participation in forest fire management (CPFFM) in Northern Iran, focusing on Nowshahr township. The research includes seven independent variables: quality of extension services (QES), awareness of rules and regulations (ARR), social norm (SN), place attachment (PA), environmental belief (EB), pro-environmentalist attitude (PEA) and social capital (SC) and their impact on CPFFM was measured. This research is a type of descriptive-correlational and causal-relational research that was conducted with a survey. The statistical population included local communities living on the edge of the forest in Nowshahr township (N = 78,786), of which 350 people were selected as a sample using stratified random sampling with proportional assignment. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by subject experts and the reliability of its items was achieved with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.711 ≤ α ≤ 0.921). The results of causal analysis indicated that QES (β = 0.522), SN (β = 0.156) and ARR (β = 0.305) have the highest direct effect on CPFFM, respectively. Also, EB had the greatest non-causal effect (0.083) on CPFFM. This research, by emphasizing the variables of human ecology from the point of view of environmental psychology in the conceptualization of some key variables affecting CPFFM, can be useful for decision makers and planners of forest fire management

Barriers to Observance of the Codes of Professional Ethics in Clinical Care: Perspectives of Nurses and Midwifery of Hospitals Affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2016

Background and Objectives: The observance of professional ethics is one of the most important expectations from health care team whose application has a tremendous effect on treatment course. The aim of this study was to investigate barriers to observance of the codes of professional ethics in clinical settings from the perspectives of nurses and midwifery in hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 246 nurses and midwives working in the public hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire (developed by Dehghani et al.) to investigate the observance of professional ethics in the three domains management, environmental and individual care-related. Results: In the management domain, the most important barrier to implementing the codes of professional ethics in clinical settings were lack of in-service training and educational programs from midwives’ perspectives (2.2±0.9) and inappropriate head nurse-staff communication and lack of in-service training and educational programs from nurses’ perspectives (2.53±1.19, and 2.53±1.06, respectively), in environmental domain, lack of suitable equipment in ward from midwives’ perspectives (2.03±0.94) and rotational shiftwork from nurses' perspectives (2.32±1.07) and in individual care-related domain, lack of technical skills from both midwives’ and nurses’ perspectives (2.29±1.21 and 2.65±1.23, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, individual care-related factors were among the most important barriers to observing professional ethics from the perspectives of nurses and midwives working in hospitals. &nbsp

Comparing attentional control and intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and non clinical population.

Objective: Attention is an important factor in information processing; obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are two main emotional disorders with a chronic course. This research examined the relationship among attentional control and intrusive thoughts (worry, rumination and obsession) in these disorders. It was hypothesized that attentional control is a common factor in OCD and GAD. In addition, we compared worry, rumination and obsession among OCD, GAD and non- clinical participants . Method: The research sample included three groups: OCD (n = 25), GAD (n = 30) and non- clinical samples (n = 56). Data were collected using the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), Rumination Response Scale (RRS), Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using MANOVA and MANCOVA by SPSS-17 . Result: Multivariate Analy is of Variance revealed that the OCD and GAD groups reported greater deficits in attentional control, higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms, rumination, worry, anxiety and depression compared to the control group. Conclusion: This research indicated a great attentional deficit in obsessive- compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. However, no significant difference was found between these two disorders