摂食障害と多発性自己破壊行動という特徴を有した症例における行動の遺伝学的研究について

Among a group of patients (n=65) , the majority of whom had been introduced to us by　eating-disorder specialists elsewhere because of difficulties in their treatment, we defined a　subgroup (n=39) characterized by eating disorders and multiple behavioral problems. In addition　to the disordered eating behavior, problematical behavior relating to the use of alcohol and other substances, shoplifting, promiscuity, and suicidal tendencies were seen in 74%, 36%, 33%, and 15% of the patients, respectively. Further, this subgroup showed an extremely worse outcome, when compared with the subgroup of patients with pure eating disorders (n =26). With regard to the intrafamilial traits examined among the first- and second-degree relatives, 49% of the patients had the trait for alcohol dependence, 28% had the trait for problematical behaviors. The physically or socially self-destructive types of behavior, which seemed to be attributable to vigorous and uncontrollable intrinsic impulses of the patients, tended to emerge in the respective patients in revolving or alternating manners. Therefore, enduring efforts should be taken to support the personality development of such patients rather than to struggle with respective problematical behaviors, which may be considered merely as facets of a single disorder. 多発性問題行動を有する摂食障害(EDMUL)39例を対象とし,標記検討を行った。これら症例は純粋な摂食障害に比べ予後不良であった。家族内形質としてはアルコール依存性を49%,問題行動を28%で認めた。EDMULにおける問題行動は身体的,社会的観点からの自己破壊行動であり,コントロールできない固有の衝動に基づいている可能性を示唆した。よってEDMULではそれぞれの問題行動に取り組むよりも,むしろ人間性の成長を支援する努力をすべきであると考えた

Comparison of Placental HSD17B1 Expression and Its Regulation in Various Mammalian Species

During mammalian gestation, large amounts of progesterone are produced by the placenta and circulate for the maintenance of pregnancy. In contrast, primary plasma estrogens are different between species. To account for this difference, we compared the expression of ovarian and placental steroidogenic genes in various mammalian species (mouse, guinea pig, porcine, ovine, bovine, and human). Consistent with the ability to synthesize progesterone, CYP11A1/Cyp11a1, and bi-functional HSD3B/Hsd3b genes were expressed in all species. CYP17A1/Cyp17a1 was expressed in the placenta of all species, excluding humans. CYP19A/Cyp19a1 was expressed in all placental estrogen-producing species, whereas estradiol-producing HSD17B1 was only strongly expressed in the human placenta. The promoter region of HSD17B1 in various species possesses a well-conserved SP1 site that was activated in human placental cell line JEG-3 cells. However, DNA methylation analyses in the ovine placenta showed that the SP1-site in the promoter region of HSD17B1 was completely methylated. These results indicate that epigenetic regulation of HSD17B1 expression is important for species-specific placental sex steroid production. Because human HSD17B1 showed strong activity for the conversion of androstenedione into testosterone, similar to HSD17B1/Hsd17b1 in other species, we also discuss the biological significance of human placental HSD17B1 based on the symptoms of aromatase-deficient patients

Comparison of Placental HSD17B1 Expression and Its Regulation in Various Mammalian Species

During mammalian gestation, large amounts of progesterone are produced by the placenta and circulate for the maintenance of pregnancy. In contrast, primary plasma estrogens are different between species. To account for this difference, we compared the expression of ovarian and placental steroidogenic genes in various mammalian species (mouse, guinea pig, porcine, ovine, bovine, and human). Consistent with the ability to synthesize progesterone, CYP11A1/Cyp11a1, and bi-functional HSD3B/Hsd3b genes were expressed in all species. CYP17A1/Cyp17a1 was expressed in the placenta of all species, excluding humans. CYP19A/Cyp19a1 was expressed in all placental estrogen-producing species, whereas estradiol-producing HSD17B1 was only strongly expressed in the human placenta. The promoter region of HSD17B1 in various species possesses a well-conserved SP1 site that was activated in human placental cell line JEG-3 cells. However, DNA methylation analyses in the ovine placenta showed that the SP1-site in the promoter region of HSD17B1 was completely methylated. These results indicate that epigenetic regulation of HSD17B1 expression is important for species-specific placental sex steroid production. Because human HSD17B1 showed strong activity for the conversion of androstenedione into testosterone, similar to HSD17B1/Hsd17b1 in other species, we also discuss the biological significance of human placental HSD17B1 based on the symptoms of aromatase-deficient patients

Singlet-oxygen photosensitizers with a tetrad structure and a single BODIPY chromophore: An evidence for transition state stabilization of intersystem crossing

Eleven tetrad Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives were synthesized and examined as singlet-oxygen photosensitizers (PSs). It was clearly shown that a charge shifted state (CSS) with a twisted π-bond makes a considerable contributed to the transition state (TS) stabilization at the minimum energy seam of crossing (MESX) for intersystem crossing (ISC). An EC50 of less than 10 nM was achieved for the G361 human melanoma cell line using one of the investigated PSs, which were only composed of 1st− and 2nd-period elements with compact structures

A method for delivering the required neutron fluence in an accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy system employing a lithium target

Abstract Accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) systems employing a solid-state lithium target indicated the reduction of neutron flux over the lifetime of a target, and its reduction could represent the neutron flux model. This study proposes a novel compensatory approach for delivering the required neutron fluence and validates its clinical applicability. The proposed approach relies on the neutron flux model and the cumulative sum of real-time measurements of proton charges. The accuracy of delivering the required neutron fluence for BNCT using the proposed approach was examined in five Li targets. With the proposed approach, the required neutron fluence could be delivered within 3.0%, and within 1.0% in most cases. However, those without using the proposed approach exceeded 3.0% in some cases. The proposed approach can consider the neutron flux reduction adequately and decrease the effect of uncertainty in neutron measurements. Therefore, the proposed approach can improve the accuracy of delivering the required fluence for BNCT even if a neutron flux reduction is expected during treatment and over the lifetime of the Li target. Additionally, by adequately revising the approach, it may apply to other type of BNCT systems employing a Li target, furthering research in this direction