Mean sojourn time, overdiagnosis, and reduction in advanced stage prostate cancer due to screening with PSA: implications of sojourn time on screening

This study aimed to assess the mean sojourn time (MST) of prostate cancer, to estimate the probability of overdiagnosis, and to predict the potential reduction in advanced stage disease due to screening with PSA. The MST of prostate cancer was derived from detection rates at PSA prevalence testing in 43 842 men, aged 50–69 years, as part of the ProtecT study, from the incidence of non-screen-detected cases obtained from the English population-based cancer registry database, and from PSA sensitivity obtained from the medical literature. The relative reduction in advanced stage disease was derived from the expected and observed incidences of advanced stage prostate cancer. The age-specific MST for men aged 50–59 and 60–69 years were 11.3 and 12.6 years, respectively. Overdiagnosis estimates increased with age; 10–31% of the PSA-detected cases were estimated to be overdiagnosed. An interscreening interval of 2 years was predicted to result in 37 and 63% reduction in advanced stage disease in men 65–69 and 50–54 years, respectively. If the overdiagnosed cases were excluded, the estimated reductions were 9 and 54%, respectively. Thus, the benefit of screening in reducing advanced stage disease is limited by overdiagnosis, which is greater in older men

Age-specific serum prostate-specific antigen references range among healthy men in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: a retrospective hospital-based study

Background: Total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels increase with advancing age. Its age-specific ranges are being advocated to increase its sensitivity and specificity. This study was aimed to examine the relationship between total PSA levels and age, and to determine the age-specific ranges among healthy men without prostatic diseases in our environment.Methods: In this retrospective hospital-based study, records of men without prostatic diseases who had visited University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital for routine screening for prostate cancer using serum total PSA between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016 were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation test. A p-value 80years respectively. There was a positive correlation between serum PSA concentration and age (rs = 0.395; p<0.001).Conclusions: Total PSA increases with advancing age and its age-specific reference range in this study are similar to findings in our environment but higher than the values found in other parts of the world. We suggest serum PSA normal reference values should be characterized by age and race in our environment

Prostate biopsy using transrectal ultrasonography; the optimal number of cores regarding cancer detection rate and complications

Background: Transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate is the most common modality used to diagnose prostate cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal number of cores at prostate biopsy, which have the most diagnostic value with least adverse effects. Patients and Materials: Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided biopsy was performed in 180 patients suspicious for prostate cancer due to either abnormal rectal examination or elevated PSA. The patients were divided randomly into three groups of six-core, twelvecore and eighteen-core biopsies. The detection rate of prostate cancer in each group with the rate of post biopsy urinary infection and prostatitis were compared. Results: Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 8 (13.3), 21 (35) and 24 (40) patients in six, twelve and eighteen core biopsy groups, respectively. Urinary tract infection and prostatitis occurred in 17 (28.3), 23 (38.3) and 35 (58.3) patients in six, twelve and eighteen core biopsy groups, respectively. Considering the detection rate of prostate cancer, there was a significant difference between 6 and 12 core biopsy groups (P = 0.006) and 12-core biopsies detected more cases of prostate cancer, but there was no significant difference between 12 and 18 core biopsy groups (P = 0.572). Considering the infection rate, there was no significant difference between 6 and 12 core biopsy groups (P = 0.254), but there was a significant difference between 12 and 18 core biopsy groups (P = 0.028) and infectious complications occurred more frequently in 18-core biopsy group. Conclusions: The best balance between detection rate of prostate cancer and infectious complications of biopsies achieved in twelve-core biopsy protocol. Twelve-core biopsy enhances the rate of prostate cancer detection with minimum adverse effects. © 2015, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Society of Radiology

Prostate cancer in Asia: a collaborative report

published_or_final_versio

Correlación ultrasonográfica y patológica en biopsias de próstata realizadas en el Hospital Emergencias “Grau” – EsSalud entre octubre del 2003 a junio del 2004

Evalúa la correlación entre imágenes ultrasonográficas y su resultado patológico en pacientes sometidos a biopsia de próstata eco dirigida de nuestro medio. Se realizó un estudio clínico de la cohorte de pacientes sometidos a biopsia de próstata eco dirigida entre octubre 2003 a junio del 2004 del Hospital de Emergencias “Grau” - EsSalud. En un total de 32 pacientes se evalúan y comparan la detección de cáncer de próstata. Se analizaron 32 pacientes con un total de 298 muestras tomadas. En 9 pacientes ( 22 muestras) se encontró cáncer de próstata que representó el 28.1 % de la cohorte estudiada. La media de PSA del grupo con diagnóstico de cáncer fue de 5.3 ng/ml. El 15.4% (46 muestras) fueron áreas hipoecogénicas. El OR del nódulo hipoecogénico y ca de próstata fue de 1.4 con un p=0.63. Concluye que no existe una correlación entre el hallazgo ecográfico de nódulo hipoecogénico y la presencia de cáncer de próstata en la cohorte estudiada.Trabajo académic

Timing and coordination of DNA replication in Escherichia coli

Initiation of DNA replication in the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) occurs once per cell cycle at a unique origin site named oriC. The initiator, DnaA, is essential for initiation from oriC. Two control systems have been discovered that prevent re-initiation. One of the control systems involves inactivation of the initiator protein, DnaA, by active replication forks. The other system relies on specific inactivation (sequestration) of newly replicated origins. The SeqA protein plays an important role in sequestration. In the work presented in this thesis we study the role of the SeqA protein in control of replication initiation and in origin and replication fork organization. We show that SeqA binds cooperatively to newly replicated origins and propose a model in which SeqA forms a left-handed helical multimer upon DNA binding. The replication forks originated from the same origin has been suggested to stay in close proximity into a structure called the replication factory. We find support for this model in cells that grow rapidly with multifork DNA replication. We also find that sister origins stay colocalized, increasingly so with increasing growth rate. We show that the SeqA protein is involved in colocalization of sister replication forks and origins in vivo. In agreement, we show that SeqA is capable of paring newly replicated sister DNA molecules in vitro. We also report the development of a bacterial screening assay for discovery of novel antibacterial agents that target the initiator protein, DnaA. So far no drugs that target the essential DNA replication machinery have been discovered. Compounds discovered by this screen will therefore constitute a new group of antibacterial drugs

Bibliography of Work on the Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Removal of Hazardous Compounds from Water and Air--Update Number 4 to October 2001

This report is the fifth in a series of bibliographies of work on the photocatalytic oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds in air or water and on the photocatalytic reduction of inorganic compounds in water. This search contains information extracted from 1149 new references to papers, books, and reports from searches conducted between October 1996 and April 2001

分裂酵母の細胞寿命に果たす抗酸化酸素およびDNA修復酵素の役割

岡山理科大学201