47 research outputs found
Π€ΠΎΠ½Π΄ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ
The Advanced Research Foundation is governmental organization wich tasked with informing the countryβs leadership on projects that can ensure Russian superiority in defense technology. The foundation will also analyze the risks of any Russian technological backwardness and technological dependence on other powers. The report considers an historical background about worldwide analogous, i.e. DARPA (USA), MAFAT (Israel), DRDO (India), DGA (France) and China (SASTIND), and an experience of advanced research projects organizations in the Soviet Union and modern Russia
ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
International audienceA novel research program on space biology and medicine -- "Living AeroSpace" -- based on recent results and advantages of Russian medical and biological programs of Bion-M1 biosatellite and International Space Station with its possible practical implementation on Rus-M Prospective piloted transport system (PPTS) for long-term (Mars mission) manned spaceflight is proposed.Since 1950s Russian Space Agency have been conducting experiments on space biology and medicine on the base of manned (Salyut, Mir, ISS) and unmanned (Bion biosatellites) spacecrafts. At present the set of experiments in the field of space biotechnology on the Russian Segment (RS) of ISS and Bion-M1 biosatellite includes the following: synthesis of effective methods for detection of biogenic agents: development of multi-functional units for cultivation of multi-cellular microorganisms during spaceflights; influence of spaceflight effects (ES) on viability of human skin cells recovered after cryopreservation; influence of ES on regeneration processes of different complex biological objects; influence of ES on functional status of gastrointestinal tract and its indigenous microbiota; influence of ES on mutation processes, genes regulation and expression of microorganisms and others. The proposed perspective research program in space biology and medicine includes the following main areas: space regenerative medicine (bioengineering of organs and tissues; embryogenesis in space; cryopreservation of biological objects); space genetics (genome control systems; DNA repair technologies; human microbiome engineering); space synthetic biology (polyextremophiles investigation; biosolar panel design; microbial cell factories).The possible ways of practical implementation of perspective experiments in space biology and medicine for the framework of the proposed research program (Living AeroSpace) starting from 2018 are presented.Note: Downloadable document is in Russian.ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ (Living AeroSpace) ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ "ΠΠΈΠΎΠ½" ΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠΠ‘). ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Living AeroSpace Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ (ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΠ°ΡΡ) ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ (ΠΠΠ’Π‘) Π ΡΡΡ-Π.ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ 1950-Ρ
Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
(Π‘Π°Π»ΡΡ, ΠΠΈΡ, ΠΠΠ‘) ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
(Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΠΈΠΎΠ½-Π) ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌ.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΠΠ‘ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΠΈΠΎΠ½-Π Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ: ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ; ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°; ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ° (Π€ΠΠ) Π½Π° Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ; Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π€ΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²; ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π€ΠΠ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ; ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π€ΠΠ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ β Living AeroSpace β Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° (Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ; ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌΠ±ΡΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°; ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²); ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²; ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠ; ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°); ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ (ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²; ΡΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΈ Π½Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
; ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ).Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ -- Living AeroSpace -- Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ 2018 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°
The Worldβs First Implantation of a Personalized Microporous Titanium Sternum with Motile Costal Clip Connections: A Case Report
Extensive chest wall defects occur in 28% of all sternal resection cases and are a major challenge in thoracic surgery. These cases are generally considered βcritical defectsβ requiring primary or secondary reconstruction using various types of flaps, mesh repairs, bone autografts, or endoprosthesis. The past decade witnessed rapid advances in the application of personalized endoprostheses in thoracic surgery. Surgeons began to use carbon or titanium grafts for personalized sternum replacement. The main advantages of these implants are superior cosmetic effect, biocompatibility, and low risk of infection. Herein, we present a case of a 55-year-old patient with an indication for extended sternum resection due to metastatic thyroid cancer. The patient underwent extended sternum resection, followed by the implantation of a personalized microporous titanium sternum equipped with graspers for atraumatic rib fixation
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Driver of Inflammaging
Life expectancy and age-related diseases burden increased significantly over the past few decades. Age-related conditions are commonly discussed in a very limited paradigm of depleted cellular proliferation and maturation with exponential accumulation of senescent cells. However, most recent evidence showed that the majority of age-associated ailments, i.e., diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. These diseases are closely associated with tissue nonspecific inflammation triggered and controlled by mesenchymal stromal cell secretion. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known as the most common type of cells for therapeutic approaches in clinical practice. Side effects and complications of MSC-based treatments increased interest in the MSCs secretome as an alternative concept for validation tests in regenerative medicine. The most recent data also proposed it as an ideal tool for cell-free regenerative therapy and tissue engineering. However, senescent MSCs secretome was shown to hold the role of βkey-driverβ in inflammaging. We aimed to review the immunomodulatory effects of the MSCs-secretome during cell senescence and provide eventual insight into the interpretation of its beneficial biological actions in inflammaging-associated diseases
Gene-Activated Materials in Regenerative Dentistry: Narrative Review of Technology and Study Results
Treatment of a wide variety of defects in the oral and maxillofacial regions requires the use of innovative approaches to achieve best outcomes. One of the promising directions is the use of gene-activated materials (GAMs) that represent a combination of tissue engineering and gene therapy. This approach implies that biocompatible materials will be enriched with gene-carrying vectors and implanted into the defect site resulting in transfection of the recipientβs cells and secretion of encoded therapeutic protein in situ. GAMs may be presented in various designs depending on the type of material, encoded protein, vector, and way of connecting the vector and the material. Thus, it is possible to choose the most suitable GAM design for the treatment of a particular pathology. The use of plasmids for delivery of therapeutic genes is of particular interest. In the present review, we aimed to delineate the principle of work and various designs of plasmid-based GAMs and to highlight results of experimental and clinical studies devoted to the treatment of periodontitis, jaw bone defects, teeth avulsion, and other pathologies in the oral and maxillofacial regions
Refinement of Animal Experiments: Replacing Traumatic Methods of Laboratory Animal Marking with Non-Invasive Alternatives
Reliable methods for identifying rodents play an important role in ensuring the success of preclinical studies. However, animal identification remains a trivial laboratory routine that is not often discussed, despite the fact that more than 6 million rodents are used in animal studies each year. Currently, there are extensive regulations in place to ensure adequate anesthesia and to reduce animal suffering during experiments. At the same time, not enough attention is paid to the comfort of rodents during routine identification procedures, which can be painful and cause some complications. In order to achieve the highest ethical standards in laboratory research, we must minimize animal discomfort during the identification phase. In this article, we discuss traumatic methods of identification and describe several painless methods for marking in long-term experimental studies. The use of non-traumatic and non-invasive methods requires the renewal of marks as they fade and additional handling of the rodents. Laboratory personnel must be trained in stress-minimizing handling techniques to make mark renewal less stressful
Post-Implantation Inflammatory Responses to Xenogeneic Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Implanted in Rabbit Trachea: The Role of Cultured Chondrocytes in the Modification of Inflammation
Immune responses to tissue-engineered grafts made of xenogeneic materials remain poorly studied. The scope of current investigations is limited by the lack of information on orthotopically implanted grafts. A deeper understanding of these processes is of great importance since innovative surgical approaches include the implantation of xenogeneic decellularized scaffolds seeded by cells. The purpose of our work is to study the immunological features of tracheal repair during the implantation of tissue-engineered constructs based on human xenogeneic scaffolds modified via laser radiation in rabbits. The samples were stained with hematoxylin and Safranin O, and they were immunostained with antibodies against tryptase, collagen II, vimentin, and CD34. Immunological and inflammatory responses were studied by counting immune cells and evaluating blood vessels and collagen. Leukocyte-based inflammation prevailed during the implantation of decellularized unseeded scaffolds; meanwhile, plasma cells were significantly more abundant in tissue-engineered constructs. Mast cells were insignificantly more abundant in tissue-engineered construct samples. Conclusions: The seeding of decellularized xenogeneic cartilage with chondrocytes resulted in a change in immunological reactions upon implantation, and it was associated with plasma cell infiltration. Tissue-engineered grafts widely differed in design, including the type of used cells. The question of immunological response depending on the tissue-engineered graft composition requires further investigation
DARPA-2016: Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°
International audienceThe review of the DARPA biomedical research programs of FY 2016 is presented in this paper. Conjectures are made about key directions of DARPA research projects in the fields of synthetic biology, OMICs technologies, metabolic engineering, gene therapy and neurosciences aimed at developing technologies for "biological Internet". Π‘onclusions reached of the possibility of applied use of DARPA scientific achievments in the Russian economy.Notes: Downloadable document is available in Russian.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ DARPA Π½Π° 2016 ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄. Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² DARPA Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠΊ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ "Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°". Π‘Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ DARPA Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ
The BioDARPA Concept
The dramatic development of biomedical technologies inevitably raises a question of the increasing " gap " between basic biomedical discoveries and their use in clinical practice. Created in 1958 with the same purpose, DARPA has had to bridging the gap in defense technologies (mostly in rocket and radar sciences). Today we can talk about the relevance of the idea of " biomedical DARPA " (BioDARPA) as a concept of organizational design for priority research and development of emerging biotechnologies