The Association Between Parents History of Type 2 Diabetes with Metabolic Syndrome Component and Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Young Adult Male

Background: the familial nature of type 2 diabetes is manifested by the presence of insulin resistance in non-diabetic first degree relatives. Most of these studies have been performed in middle-aged and there is only few published studies in young age individuals and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parents history of type-2 diabetes with metabolic syndrome component and insulin resistance in adolescent non-diabetic subjects. Methods: this was a cross sectional study comparing the metabolic profile, risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in non-diabetic male adolescents (17-24 years old) whose one or both parents were with type-2 diabetes. We performed anamnesis, physical examination, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, fasting insulin level and insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR. Results: metabolic abnormalities were more prevalent in subjects whose parents were with history of type-2 diabetes, especially their waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (p=0.000). There was increased risk of developing central obesity in adolescents with parental history of 19.3 fold (95%CI 2.46-151.07) and insulin resistance of 10.3 fold (95%CI 3.89-27.23). Parental history of type-2 diabetes together with metabolic syndrome component ie. waist circumference >90 cm and triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl were strong determinat factors for insulin resistance (R2=50.7%). Conclusion: the early multiple metabolic defect can be detected in non-diabetes adolescents with parental history of type-2 diabetes. Cluster of metabolic syndrome component in these subject become  a powerful determinat factor for insulin resistance

The Association Between Parents History of Type 2 Diabetes with Metabolic Syndrome Component and Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic Young Adult Male

Background: the familial nature of type 2 diabetes is manifested by the presence of insulin resistance in non-diabetic first degree relatives. Most of these studies have been performed in middle-aged and there is only few published studies in young age individuals and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the relationship between parents history of type-2 diabetes with metabolic syndrome component and insulin resistance in adolescent non-diabetic subjects. Methods: this was a cross sectional study comparing the metabolic profile, risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in non-diabetic male adolescents (17-24 years old) whose one or both parents were with type-2 diabetes. We performed anamnesis, physical examination, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, fasting insulin level and insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR. Results: metabolic abnormalities were more prevalent in subjects whose parents were with history of type-2 diabetes, especially their waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (p=0.000). There was increased risk of developing central obesity in adolescents with parental history of 19.3 fold (95%CI 2.46-151.07) and insulin resistance of 10.3 fold (95%CI 3.89-27.23). Parental history of type-2 diabetes together with metabolic syndrome component ie. waist circumference >90 cm and triglyceride ≥150 mg/dl were strong determinat factors for insulin resistance (R2=50.7%). Conclusion: the early multiple metabolic defect can be detected in non-diabetes adolescents with parental history of type-2 diabetes. Cluster of metabolic syndrome component in these subject become  a powerful determinat factor for insulin resistance

Genetic risk factor APOEε4 associates with plasma amyloid beta in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer’s disease

Background: APOEε4 is a strong genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD itself has been associated with reduced Aβ clearance from the brain and plasma. Understanding the potential pathogenic link between APOEε4 and plasma Aβ might allow for earlier identification of people at risk of developing AD. The aim of this study is to find out the correlation between APOEε4 and plasma Aβ in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and AD patients. Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study of patients attending a memory clinic in Siloam Hospital Lippo Karawaci, Tangerang, during the period of 2013-2014. Subjects were categorized into three categories: normal aging, aMCI, and AD. We performed blood test to examine APOEε4, plasma Aβ4o level, and plasma Aβ42 level. All data analyses were performed using correlation test and logistic regression. Results: Sixty subjects (normal aging = 23, aMCI = 17, AD = 20) were included. There were 19 (31.7%) subjects with APOEε4 positive. Subjects carrying ε4 allele were more likely to have AD by 3.9-fold than subjects with APOE ε4 allele negative. There is a significant difference between the mean of plasma Aβ40 in aMCI group and AD group. We also found correlation between APOEε4 (+) and higher plasma Aβ42 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between APOEε4 and plasma Aβ42 level, which supports the hypothesis that this genetic isoform accelerates the rate and progression of AD through Aβ-dependent pathways