Instytucje sektora nonprofit w kulturze (przykład amerykański)

Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

The Labour Market of Artists. Free, But Not Wild

The authors present a summary of previous research projects in the field of professional situation of artists in Poland. They refer to the conducted research of the Labour Market of Artists and Creators in Poland as well as the expertise of “The Support for Artists and Creators. International Perspective”. They also present their vision of a support system for creators and artists, which comprises: the monitoring and analysis; the status of an artist; remuneration (government programmes and potential mechanisms to stimulate demand; taxes; copyright law); insurance; foreign promotion of artists; the organisation of the labour market of artists and adjusting education to its requirements. Finally, they refer to the presentation delivered at the conference “Creative Economy in Poland, Facts and Myths”, organised by the Creative Economy Research Center of SWPS University. The main postulate proposed by the authors is to create a platform for constant monitoring and analysis of the professional situation of artists in Poland, to which the project of estimating the number of artists, creators and performers should lead

Electric and mechanical properties of Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O-3 ferroelectric ceramics

In this work we report the synthesis of the Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (PFN) powders and sintered ceramics. The ceramics were prepared from oxides: Fe2O3, Nb2O5 and PbO by two-stage columbite method by calcination. PFN powders were dried and formed in samples in shape of discs (10 × 1) mm3 and rectangular bars (26 × 10 × 1) mm3. The samples were sintered by conventional ceramic sintering (CCS) method at temperature of 1323 K for 2 h in air. The density of the ceramic samples was determined to be ρ = 8200 kg/m3. The obtained results of investigations of electric and mechanical properties such as: Young’s modulus E, electric permittivity ε and tangent of dielectric loss of angle tan δ of the Pb(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 ceramics obtained are presented

The internal friction and the relaxation time spectrum of ferroelectric ceramic PZT type

The fractional Zener model with two spring-pots is proposed to description of relaxation time spectrum of ferroelectric ceramic material. This model is based on fractional calculus. The influence of values of a and b parameters on the shape of the relaxation time spectrum was investigated

Mechanical losses and dielectric properties in ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composites

The work presents the technology and investigation results of ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composites based on ferroelectric powders of the PZT type and ferrite. The ferroelectric powder comprised two PZT type compositions: Pb0.84Ba0.16(Zr0.54Ti0.46)O3 + 1.0%at. Nb2O5 (PBZTN) and Pb(Zr0.51Ti0.49)O3 + 0.2%at. Bi2O3 + 0.03%at. Nb2O5 + 0.06%at. MnO2 (PZTBNM). The initial constituents for obtaining the PZT type powders included oxides: PbO, ZrO2, TiO2, Nb2O5, Cr2O3 as well as carbonates: barium BaCO3 and strontium SrCO3. In the PZT-ferrite composites, the synthesized ferroelectric powder constituted 90%, whereas the ferrite powder (Ni0.64Zn0.36Fe2O4) was 10%. Temperature examinations of the internal friction (IF) of the PZT-ferrite type composites, which belong to nondestructive methods of material examination in mechanical spectrometry, and also measurements of the dielectric properties were performed. The IF method enabled the authors to determine mechanical properties such as mechanical losses or value of Young's modulus in a broad range of temperatures. For both the investigated composites, an increase in mechanical losses Q–1 and decrease in Young's modulus Y with an increase in temperature were observed. At the phase transition point connected with an electric sub-system change while changing from the ferroelectric to paraelectric state, a rapid increase in Young's modulus Ywas observed. It was confirmed in further investigations of dielectric properties ε(T) i tanδ (T).[1] Xu Y., Ferroelectric Materials and their Applications, North Holland, Amsterdam 1991. [2] Long W., Ching-Chuang W., Tien-Shon W., Hs-Chuan L., Improved ceramics for piezoelectric devices, Journal Physics C: Solid State Physics 1983, 16, 2813-2821. [3] Fesenko E.G., Danciger A.Ya., Rozumovskaya O.N., Novye pieokeramicheskie materialy, Izd. RGU, Rostov na Donu 1983. [4] Zachariasz R, Bochenek D., Properties of the PZT type ceramics admixed with barium and niobium, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 2009, 54, 895-902. [5] Zachariasz R., Bochenek D., Dziadosz K., Ilczuk J., Dudek J., Influence of the Nb and Ba dopands on the properties of the PZT type ceramics, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 2011, 56, 1217-1222. [6] Penchal Reddy M., Madhuri W., Ramamanohar Reddy N., Siva Kumar K.V., Murthy V.R.K., Ramakrishna Reddy R., Magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrites prepared by microwave sintering method, Journal of Electroceramics 2012, 28, 1-9. [7] Ghatak S., Meikap A.K., Sinha M., Pradhan S.K., Electrical conductivity, magnetoconductivity and dielectric behaviour of (Mg, Ni) - ferrite below room temperature, Materials Sciences and Applications 2010, 1, 177-186. [8] Ravi Kumar G., Venudhar Y.C., Raghavender A.T., Vijaya Kumar K., Electrical properties of copper substituted nickel ferrites, Journal of the Korean Physical Society 2012, 60, 1082-1086. [9] Puskar A., Internal Friction of Materials, Cambridge International Science Publishing, Cambridge 2001. [10] Elkoun S., David L., Magalas B.L., Mechanical Spectroscopy and other Relaxation Spectroscopies, Solid State Phenomena, 2003, 89, 31. [11] Wang C., Fang Q.F., Shi Y., Zhu Z.G., Internal friction study on oxygen vacancies and domain walls in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics, Materials Ressearch Bulletin 2001, 36, 2657--2665. [12] Zachariasz R., Zarycka A., Ilczuk J., Determination of the lead titanate zirconate phase diagram by the measurements of the internal friction and Young’s modulus, Material Science 2005, 25, 781-789. [13] Gutierrez-Urrutia L.M., Carreno-Morelli E., Guisolan B., Schaller R., San-Juan J., High performance very low frequency forced pendulum, Materials Science Engineering, 2004, A370, 435-439. [14] Bruś B., Zachariasz R., Ilczuk J., The influence of the point defects on the relaxation processes in a ceramics of the PZT type, Physica Status Solidi 2001, A 201, 249-254. [15] Bruś B., Zachariasz R., Ilczuk J., Zarycka A., Internal friction in hard and soft PZT-based ceramics, Archives of Acoustics 2005, 30(4), 59-62. [16] Trojanova Z., Lukac P., Ferkel H., Riehemann W., Internal friction in microcrystalline and nanocrystalline Mg, Materials Science and Engineering 2004, A 370, 154-157. [17] Zachariasz R., Czerwiec M., Brzezińska D., Ilczuk J., Ferroelectric and ferromagnetic ceramics in a view of possibilities to be used in electroacoustics, Hydroacoustics 2008, 11, 63-70. [18] Miloshenko V.E., Kalyadin O.V., Superconductors and the method of low - frequency internal friction, Metal Science and Heat Treatment 2012, 54, 281-284. [19] Zachariasz R., Zarycka A., Ilczuk J., Chrobak A., The internal friction related to the mobility of domain wall in the PZT ceramics obtained by the sol-gel method, Material Science 2005, 23(1), 159-166. [20] Zachariasz R., Bruś B., Bartkowska J., Bluszcz J., Ilczuk J., Domain wall motion effect in piezoelectric ceramics, Journal de Physique IV, 2006, 137, 19-21. [21] Bochenek D., Niemiec P., Wawrzała P., Chrobak A., Multiferroic ceramic composites based on PZT type ceramic and NiZnFe, Ferroelectrics 2013, 448, 96-105. [22] Bochenek D., Grabowski F., Niemiec P., Influence of cobalt admixture on the microstructure and dielectric properties of PFN ceramics, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 2011, 56, 1071-1076. [23] Frayssignes H., Gabbay M., Fantozzi G., Porch N.J., Cheng B.L., Button T.W., Internal friction in hard and soft PZT-based ceramics, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2004, 24, 2989-2994

Processing, Microstructure and Dielectric Properties of the Bi5Ti3FeO15 Ceramic

The aim of the present work is the analysis of microstructure, dielectric permittivity and thermal properties analysis of Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics obtained by two methods. The studied Bi5Ti3FeO15 ceramics were prepared by conventional synthesis and hot uniaxial pressing reaction from the conventional mixture of oxides, viz. TiO2, Fe2O3, Bi2O3. The studied material has layered perovskite like structures, first described by Aurivillius in 1949 and Subbaro in 1969. The ceramic Bi5Ti3FeO15 is known to contain a series of compounds with the general formula: Bim+1Fem¡3Ti3O3m+3. The X-ray diffraction methods were used for qualitative phase analysis of studied samples. The morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy method. The thermal properties of the studied materials were measured using the differential thermal analysis at a constant heating rate of 15 K/min under an argon protective atmosphere. Thermal dependence of dielectric permittivity was studied between room temperature and 1137 K

The ferroelectric PLZT type ceramics as a material for transducers

Modification of the PZT system by the addition La3+ ions has marked beneficial effect on several the basic parameters, such as squerness of the hysteresis loop, decreased coercive filed, increased dielectric constant, maximum coupling coefficients, increased mechanical compliance, and enhanced optical transparency. The mechanical and electrical properties in lanthanum modified lead zirconate-titanate ceramics of 5/50/50 and 10/50/50 were studied by electric permittivity ε and dielectric losses tan δ measurements. The temperature dependences of ε = f(T) and tan δ = f(T) were determinate in temperature range from 300 K to 730 K. The values of TC obtained during ε and tan δ measurements were respectively: 560 K for 5/50/50 and 419 K for 10/50/50

Effects of y irradiation on the electric conduction of PZT ceramic system

In the work, the results of investigations of the electric conduction of the PZT ceramics with the two following compositions: Pb0.94Sr0.06(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 + 0.25% wt. Cr2O3 (hard material) and (Pb0.9Ba0.1)(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 + 1.67% wt. Nb2O5 (soft material), are presented. The “soft” ceramics are characterized by high electric values ("T33/"0 > 1300 (in room temperature), d31 = 120 · 10−12 C/N) and electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp > 0.5). Due to good parameters it is used in electromechanical transducers of low frequency. The “hard” PZT ceramics, which are used in resonators, filters and ultrasound transducers are characterized by the following parameters: "T 33/"0 > 900 (in room temperature), d31 = 65·10−12 C/N and electromechanical coupling coefficient kp > 0.35. The temperature dependences of the electric conduction for all samples before and after irradiation with dose of 20 kGy were performed. The activation energy Ea was calculated on the basis of the ln = f(1/T) dependences

Production networks in the cultural and creative sector: case studies from the publishing industry (CICERONE report D2.8)

The CICERONE project investigates cultural and creative industries through case study research, with a focus on production networks. This report, part of WP2, examines the publishing industry within this framework. It aims to understand the industry's hidden aspects, address statistical issues in measurement, and explore the industry's transformation and integration of cultural and economic values. The report provides an overview of the production network, explores statistical challenges, and presents qualitative analyses of two case studies. It concludes by highlighting the potential of the Global Production Network (GPN) approach for analyzing, researching, policymaking, and intervening in the European publishing network. The CICERONE project's case study research delves into the publishing industry, investigating its production networks and examining key aspects often unseen by the public. The report addresses statistical challenges in measuring the industry and sheds light on its ongoing transformations and integration of cultural and economic values. It presents an overview of the production network, explores statistical issues, and provides qualitative analyses of two case studies. The report emphasizes the potential of the GPN approach for analyzing and intervening in the European publishing network, ultimately contributing to research, policymaking, and understanding within the industry

The influence of the La3+ content on the mechanical properties of electrooptic transducers based on PLZT type ceramics

Modification of the PZT system by the addition La3+ ions has marked beneficial effect on several the basic parameters, such as squerness of the hysteresis loop, decreased coercive filed, increased dielectric constant, maximum coupling coefficients, increased mechanical compliance, decreased Tc temperature, and enhanced optical transparency. The mechanical and electrical properties in lanthanum modified lead zirconate-titanate ceramics of 5/50/50 and 10/50/50 were studied by internal friction Q¡1, dynamic Young modulus E, electric permittivity " and tangent of dielectric loss of angle tan± measurements. The temperature dependences of Q¡1 = f(T) and E = f(T) were determinated in temperature range from 300 K to 600 K. The temperature dependences of " = f(T) and tan± = f(T) were determinated in temperature range from 300 K to 730 K. The values of TC obtained during " and tan± measurements were respectively: 560 K for 5/50/50 and 419 K for 10/50/50