The Transcultural Edge

Critical writing about transculturation has a long history in Latin American studies, and more recently the concept has been used to analyse the effects of globalization. This article takes as its point of departure the Latin American genealogy of the idea, and brings it together with the ecological notion of ‘edge’ intended as a transition area between different systems. By bringing transculturation and edge together this paper seeks to understand transculturation as a process in which human and non-human entities participate.It does so curating five cultural works written at the edge of academic practices, and spanning several countries, cultural formations and genres

Writing Italies, an Introduction

This article outlines the genealogy of 'Italian cultural studies' both as a field of research and as a set of ideas around culture as a way of introducing the journal special issue

Cannibals and Orchids: Cannibalism and the Sensory Imagination of Papua New Guinea

This article examines Leona Miller’s book Cannibal and Orchids (1941) as an example of how place, in this case Papua New Guinea (PNG), is imagined according to a particular sensorium. It follows the ‘sensory turn in anthropology’ and the studies developed in the last two decades that take the senses as their object of enquiry. This body of theory is mobilised to analyse Miller’s biographical narrative recounting how PNG is imagined, represented and produced in terms of a disarray of the (Western) senses, coalescing in the trope of cannibalism. This article argues that the experience of PNG as the place of otherness is narrated both in terms of the author’s sensory displacement and of the indigenous sensorium as abject. &nbsp

Prion variability and evolution: in vitro studies of prion mutability

I prioni, privi di acidi nucleici, esistono come ceppi e possono mutare, in particolare quando attraversano una barriera di specie. Numerosi studi convergono sulla conclusione che le caratteristiche ceppo-specifiche siano inscritte nella conformazione della PrPSc, con la variabilità di ceppo associata a varianti conformazionali della PrPSc. In questo studio ci siamo avvalsi del PMCA, tecnica che riproduce in vitro molti aspetti della biologia dei prioni, per mettere a punto condizioni sperimentali di replicazione che permettessero di osservare fenomeni di mutazione e selezione, onde investigare i meccanismi molecolari e di popolazione alla base della mutabilità dei prioni. In condizioni di replicazione eterologa, che mima la trasmissione tra diverse specie, è stato inizialmente possibile identificare un mutante difettivo della scrapie, caratterizzato da una diversa conformazione della PrPSc e capace di replicare in vitro ma non più in vivo. Le condizioni in cui tale mutante è emerso hanno permesso di sviluppare ulteriori ipotesi di lavoro, basate sul concetto della quasi-specie. Impartendo diversi regimi di replicazione e seguendo l’evoluzione di due ceppi, è stato possibile evidenziare fenomeni di mutazione anche in condizioni di replicazione omologa, in assenza di forti pressioni selettive. In entrambi i ceppi sono emerse varianti conformazionali di PrPSc durante passaggi replicativi ad ampia popolazione, mentre le popolazioni sottoposte a ripetuti colli di bottiglia hanno mostrato un rapido declino del tasso di replicazione. Sono stati infine investigati l’efficacia e il potenziale mutageno di molecole anti-prioniche, ottenendo importanti risultati preliminari sull’efficacia di molecole che legano la PrPC. Questi risultati evidenziano come la mutabilità sia una caratteristica intrinseca dei prioni e supportano l’idea che i prioni siano molto variabili, similmente alle quasi-specie virali, e perciò adattabili e proni a fenomeni di mutazione e selezione. Tali conclusioni hanno impatto su problematiche sanitarie quali lo studio del potenziale zoonotico e i fenomeni di farmaco-resistenza dei prioni.Despite the absence of a nucleic acid encoding the genetic information, prions exist as strains, that are characterized by distinctive biochemical and biological features and are able to mutate, mostly during inter-species transmissions. It is now widely accepted that different strains are associated with different PrPSc conformations and that the strain variation is due to modification of PrPSc conformation. Taking advantage of PMCA, an in vitro technique that reproduces several aspects of prion biology, we developed an in vitro set-up to mimic prion strain mutation and selection and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying prion mutability. During heterologous PMCA replications, i.e. that mimic inter-species transmission, a defective scrapie mutant, characterized by a different PrPSc conformation and able to replicate in vitro but not in vivo, was identified. The fact that the defective mutant arose only from an highly diluted inoculum, resembling the emergence of defective genotypes in viral quasi-species population after subsequent plaque-to-plaque transfers or bottleneck events, led us to evaluate prion ability to mutate during homologous PMCA replications and without selective pressure, only submitting prion strains to different passage regimens. In both strains, PrPSc conformational variants were identified only after large population passages, while repeated bottleneck events caused a rapid decline in amplification rates. Lastly, we evaluate the ability of some anti-prion compounds to inhibit PrPSc in vitro amplification and their potential role in inducing drug-resistant prions, pointing out the worth use of PrPC as a therapy target. The data support the view that mutability is an intrinsic property of prions and that prions constitute quasi-species populations subjected to mutation and selective amplification, thus able to change their “phenotype” in response to changes in the environment. These findings have obvious significant implications in public health, raising concern about the real zoonotic potential of prion strains and TSE therapeutic approaches

The Planty Atlas of UTS

The Planty Atlas of UTS is a participatory project Alexandra Crosby and Ilaria Vanni designed for UTS Library Creative in Residence 2019. The project invites you to imagine a more planty UTS campus, and it consisted in an installation of plants and books from a variety of disciplines, curated walks in the UTS precinct and workshops. The walking route was recorded in a map and in a zine, available digitally and in print

In Vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral effects of the flavonoid apigenin in malignant mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a tumor arising from mesothelium. MM patients' survival is poor. The polyphenol 4',5,7,-trihydroxyflavone Apigenin (API) is a "multifunctional drug". Several studies have demonstrated API anti-tumoral effects. However, little is known on the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral effects of API in MM. Thus, we analyzed the in vitro effects of API on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, pro-survival signaling pathways, apoptosis, and autophagy of human and mouse MM cells. We evaluated the in vivo anti-tumor activities of API in mice transplanted with MM #40a cells forming ascites. API inhibited in vitro MM cells survival, increased reactive oxygen species intracellular production and induced DNA damage. API activated apoptosis but not autophagy. API-induced apoptosis was sustained by the increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, increase of p53 expression, activation of both caspase 9 and caspase 8, cleavage of PARP-1, and increase of the percentage of cells in subG1 phase. API treatment affected the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPKs in a cell-type specific manner, inhibited AKT phosphorylation, decreased c-Jun expression and phosphorylation, and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation. Intraperitoneal administration of API increased the median survival of C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally transplanted with #40a cells and reduced the risk of tumor growth. Our findings may have important implications for the design of MM treatment using API