How Can We Make Language Learning Effective and Sustainable Outside the ClassroomUsing Self-accessCALL withBlogging?

This paper investigates how and to what extent learners utilize the computer assisted language learning (CALL) system outside the classroom. A pretest and post-test design was carried out and the test scores evaluating learners’ English proficiency were logged for the quantitative analysis. Throughout the six-month course, the participants were given three types of assignment every week: Assignment (1) to complete compulsory tasks, Assignment (2) to complete optional tasks, and Assignment (3) to report the optional tasks completed and to post some comments concerning their learning on CALL. Their protocols within Assignment (3) were analyzed in terms of cognitive process of learning. For Assignment (3), there were two conditions: for Condition (a) students had to send reports and comments to the instructor via e-mail individually, and for Condition (b) students posted them on the blog launched for the participants. The result of the quantitative analysis showed that both learning time and the number the tasks increased throughout the training period on Condition (b), sharing students’ comments on the blog, whereas for Condition (a), few students completed many more tasks on CALL than the weekly obligatory assignment. There were also some differences in the variety of tasks completed; the students in Condition (b) tackled a much greater variety of tasks, and made a greater variety of comments than students in Condition (a). As a result of analysis for report comments, comments from Condition (b) showed the progress of the students’ cognitive stages whereas most of the comments from Condition (a) were superficial, just their impression to tasks. The results derived through these comparisons suggest that creation of a learning community outside the classroom would be a key for the effective and sustainable use of self-study-fashioned CALL materials, and would be enhanced by the implementation of a social networking service such as a blog

Topological invariant and domain connectivity in moir\'e materials

Recently, a moir\'e material has been proposed in which multiple domains of different topological phases appear in the moir\'e unit cell due to a large moir\'e modulation. Topological properties of such moir\'e materials may differ from that of the original untwisted layered material. In this paper, we study how the topological properties are determined in moir\'e materials with multiple topological domains. We show a correspondence between the topological invariant of moir\'e materials at the Fermi level and the topology of the domain structure in real space. We also find a bulk-edge correspondence that is compatible with a continuous change of the truncation condition, which is specific to moir\'e materials. We demonstrate these correspondences in the twisted Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang model by tuning its moir\'e periodic mass term. These results give a feasible method to evaluate a topological invariant for all occupied bands of a moir\'e material, and contribute to the design of topological moir\'e materials and devices.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

イミダゾキノリノン誘導体の高効率合成法に基づく新規DPP-4阻害糖尿病治療薬の創製 [論文要旨及び審査の要旨]

関西大

イミダゾキノリノン誘導体の高効率合成法に基づく新規DPP-4阻害糖尿病治療薬の創製

関西大

Public views of health insurance in Japan during the era of attaining universal health coverage: a secondary analysis of an opinion poll on health insurance in 1967

While Japan’s success in achieving universal health insurance over a short period with controlled healthcare costs has been studied from various perspectives, that of beneficiaries have been overlooked. We conducted a secondary analysis of an opinion poll on health insurance in 1967, immediately after reaching universal coverage. We found that people continued to face a slight barrier to healthcare access (26.8% felt medical expenses were a heavy burden) and had high expectations for health insurance (60.5% were satisfied with insured medical services and 82.4% were willing to pay a premium). In our study, younger age, having children before school age, lower living standards, and the health insurance scheme were factors that were associated with a willingness to pay premiums. Involving high-income groups in public insurance is considered to be the key to ensuring universal coverage of social insurance