779 research outputs found
Genistein regulates adipogenesis by blocking the function of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 in the mitochondria
Genistein exerts antiadipogenic effects, but its target molecules remain unclear. Here, we delineated the molecular mechanism underlying the antiadipogenic effect of genistein. A pulldown assay using genistein-immobilized beads identified adenine nucleotide translocase-2 as a genistein-binding protein in adipocytes. Adenine nucleotide translocase-2 exchanges ADP/ATP through the mitochondrial inner membrane. Similar to the knockdown of adenine nucleotide translocase-2, genistein treatment decreased ADP uptake into the mitochondria and ATP synthesis. Genistein treatment and adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown suppressed adipogenesis and increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown reduced the transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β, whereas AMP-activated protein kinase inhibition restored the suppression of adipogenesis by adenine nucleotide translocase-2 knockdown. These results indicate that genistein interacts directly with adenine nucleotide translocase-2 to suppress its function. The downregulation of adenine nucleotide translocase-2 reduces the transcriptional activity of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which consequently represses adipogenesis.ArticleBioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 86(2): 260-272 (2022)journal articl
Photocurrent induced by a bicircular light drive in centrosymmetric systems
A bicircular light (BCL) consists of left and right circularly polarized
lights with different frequencies, and draws a rose-like pattern with a
rotational symmetry determined by the ratio of the two frequencies. Here we
show that an application of a BCL to centrosymmetric systems allows a
photocurrent generation through introduction of an effective polarity to the
system. We derive formulas for the BCL-induced photocurrent from a standard
perturbation theory, which is then applied to a simple 1D model and 3D
Dirac/Weyl semimetals. A nonperturbative effect with strong light intensity is
also discussed with the Floquet technique.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Giant Magnetochiral Anisotropy in Weyl-semimetal WTe2 Induced by Diverging Berry Curvature
The concept of Berry curvature is essential for various transport phenomena.
However, an effect of the Berry curvature on magnetochiral anisotropy, i.e.
nonreciprocal magneto-transport, is still elusive. Here, we report the Berry
curvature originates the large magnetochiral anisotropy. In Weyl-semimetal
WTe2, we observed the strong enhancement of the magnetochiral anisotropy when
the Fermi level is located near the Weyl points. Notably, the maximal figure of
merit reaches , which
is the largest ever reported in bulk materials. Our semiclassical calculation
shows that the diverging Berry curvature at the Weyl points strongly enhances
the magnetochiral anisotropy.Comment: 26 page
Stress relaxation above and below the jamming transition
We numerically investigate stress relaxation in soft athermal disks to reveal
critical slowing down when the system approaches the jamming point. The
exponents describing the divergence of the relaxation time differ dramatically
depending on whether the transition is approached from the jammed or unjammed
phase. This contrasts sharply with conventional dynamic critical scaling
scenarios, where a single exponent characterizes both sides. We explain this
surprising difference in terms of the vibrational density of states (vDOS),
which is a key ingredient of linear viscoelastic theory. The vDOS exhibits an
extra slow mode that emerges below jamming, which we utilize to demonstrate the
anomalous exponent below jamming.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
A Practical Study of Physical Fitness in Elementary School Physical Education : Focusing on Motor Coordination
Methods for Estimating Effective Diffusivity of Substrate and Kinetic Parameters of Immobilized Enzyme
Two methods were presented for estimating simultaneously the kinetic parameters in the Michaelis-Menten equation, Kₘ and Vₘₐₓ, and the intraparticle effective diffusivity of substrate, Dₑᴀ, from the results of the transient changes in a batch reactor. The methods were applied to the estimation of the Kₘ and Vₘₐₓ values of α-chymotrypsin immobilized into firebrick particles or acrylamide gel, and the Dₑᴀ values of substrate through the supports. The experimental data of conversions both in the batch and tubular reactors were found to be calculated successfully by using the kinetic and transport parameters estimated by the proposed methods
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