近赤外線スペクトロスコピィで測定された成人強迫性障害における前頭前野の活動性の低下

Recent developments in near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) have enabled the non-invasive elucidation of the neurobiological underpinnings of psychiatric disorders. Functional neuroimaging studies in human patients have suggested that the frontal cortex and subcortical structures may play a role in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here we used NIRS to investigate neurobiological function in 12 patients with OCD and 12 age- and sex-matched, healthy control subjects. The relative concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) were measured with prefrontal probes every 0.1 sec, during performance of a Stroop color-word task, using 24-channel NIRS. Oxy-Hb changes in the prefrontal cortex of the OCD group were significantly smaller than those in the control group, especially in the left lateral prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that patients with OCD have reduced prefrontal hemodynamic responses as measured by NIRS.博士（医学）・甲第599号・平成25年5月29

Chiral Magnetic Effect from Q-balls

We apply a generic framework of linear sigma models for revealing a mechanism of the mysterious phenomenon, the chiral magnetic effect, in quark-gluon plasma. An electric current arises along a background magnetic field, which is given rise to by Q-balls (non-topological solitons) of the linear sigma model with axial anomaly. We find additional alternating current due to quark mass terms. The hadronic Q-balls, baby boson stars, may be created in heavy-ion collisions.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, revtex; v2: minor revisio

Role of proline residue in the channel-forming and catecholamine-releasing activities of the peptaibol, trichosporin-B-VIa

AbstractTrichosporin-B-VIa (TS-B-VIa) has a Pro14-kinked helical structure which is considered to be important for the formation of peptaibol-type ion-channels in lipid bilayer membranes. TS-B-VIa and its analog [Aid14]TS-B-VIa with Pro → Aib substitution at position 14, resulting in a straight helical structure, were tested for ion-channel-forming activity in planar lipid bilayer membranes and for ability to induce catecholamine secretion from cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Voltage-dependent multi-channel conductance, which is characteristic of TS-B-VIa, was also observed for [Aid14]TS-B-VIa. In single-channel measurements, current fluctuations induced by [Aid14]TS-B-VIa had a shorter life-time and showed fewer substates than those induced by TS-B-VIa. Catecholamine secretion induced by these peptides at low concentrations is completely Ca2+-dependent. At high concentrations, TS-B-VIa-induced secretion was partly independent of external Ca 2+, but this was not the case for the analog. The differences of behavior can be explained in terms of the differences of hydrophobicity, amphiphilicity, and magnitude of dipole moment due to the conformational changes around position 14 and the C-terminal domain caused by the Pro → Aib substitution

Mega Software Engineering

Techinical Report of Software Engineering Lab in Osaka Univ. SEL-Sep-22-200

Anomaly-induced charges in baryons

We show that quantum chiral anomaly of QCD in magnetic backgrounds induces a novel structure of electric charge inside baryons. To illustrate the anomaly effect, we employ the Skyrme model for baryons, with the anomaly-induced gauged Wess-Zumino term (\pi_0 + (multi-pion)) E_i B_i. Due to this term, the Skyrmions giving a local pion condensation ((\pi_0 + (multi-pion)) \neq 0) necessarily become a local charge source, in the background magnetic field B_i. We present detailed evaluation of the anomaly effects, and calculate the total induced charge, for various baryons in the magnetic field.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure

Neural Sources of Vagus Nerve Stimulation–Induced Slow Cortical Potentials

[Objectives] This study investigated neuronal sources of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) evoked during vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in patients with epilepsy who underwent routine electroencephalography (EEG) after implantation of the device. [Materials and Methods] We analyzed routine clinical EEG from 24 patients. There were 5 to 26 trains of VNS during EEG. To extract SCPs from the EEG, a high-frequency filter of 0.2 Hz was applied. These EEG epochs were averaged and used for source analyses. The averaged waveforms for each patient and their grand average were subjected to multidipole analysis. Patients with at least 50% seizure frequency reduction were considered responders. Findings from EEG analysis dipole were compared with VNS responses. [Results] VNS-induced focal SCPs whose dipoles were estimated to be located in several cortical areas including the medial prefrontal cortex, postcentral gyrus, and insula, with a significantly higher frequency in patients with a good VNS response than in those with a poor response. [Conclusions] This study suggested that some VNS-induced SCPs originating from the so-called vagus afferent network are related to the suppression of epileptic seizures

Study on the Teaching Strategy of an Junior High School and Improving the Program for Training Students to be teachers of University (1) : In the Case of Japanese Language, Arithmetic, Science and Social Studies

　本研究は，教科内容構成の考え方に基づいて中学校の授業づくりのあり方を検討するとともに，それをふまえることで大学の教員養成プログラムの授業が具体的にどのように改善されるかを明らかにしようとしたものである。教科内容構成とは，教員養成において従来から課題とされてきた教科の内容に関わる知識・技能と教科の指導法に関わる知識・技能の分離という問題を克服するために提案されたものである。教科内容構成は，教科の内容と指導法に関わる知識・技能を統合し，それらを応用して，教師が自ら「どのような内容をどのように教えるべきか」を考え，授業づくりに取り組むことができるようになるための考え方を示すものであり，本研究では教員養成プログラムにおける具体的な授業プランを提示してそれを明らかにしていく。本稿では，特に，中学校の国語科，数学科，理科，社会科を事例として論じていくことにしたい

Diabetes and hypertension markedly increased the risk of ischemic stroke associated with high serum resistin concentration in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Resistin, secreted from adipocytes, causes insulin resistance in mice. The relationship between resistin and coronary artery disease is highly controversial, and the information regarding resistin and ischemic stroke is limited. In the present study, the association between serum resistin concentration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) was investigated in a general Japanese population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 3,201 community-dwelling individuals aged 40 years or older (1,382 men and 1,819 women) were divided into quintiles of serum resistin, and the association between resistin and CVD was examined cross-sectionally. The combined effect of either diabetes or hypertension and high serum resistin was also assessed. Serum resistin was measured using ELISA.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Compared to those without CVD, age- and sex-adjusted mean serum resistin concentrations were greater in subjects with CVD (p = 0.002) or ischemic stroke (p < 0.001), especially in those with lacunar and atherothrombotic infarction, but not elevated in subjects with hemorrhagic stroke or coronary heart disease. When analyzed by quintile of serum resistin concentration, the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for having CVD and ischemic stroke increased with quintile of serum resistin (p for trends, 0.02 for CVD, < 0.001 for ischemic stroke), while such associations were not observed for hemorrhagic stroke or coronary heart disease. Compared to the first quintile, the age- and sex-adjusted OR of ischemic stroke was greater in the third (OR = 3.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-10.67; p = 0.02), fourth (OR = 4.48; 95% CI, 1.53-13.09; p = 0.006), and fifth quintiles (OR = 4.70; 95% CI, 1.62-13.61; p = 0.004). These associations remained substantially unchanged even after adjustment for other confounding factors including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In the stratified analysis, the combination of high serum resistin and either diabetes or hypertension markedly increased the risk of ischemic stroke.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Elevated serum resistin concentration appears to be an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke, especially lacunar and atherothrombotic infarction in the general Japanese population. The combination of high resistin and the presence of either diabetes or hypertension increased the risk of ischemic stroke.</p