Building Virtual 3D City Model for Smart Cities Applications: A Case Study on Campus Area of the University of Novi Sad

The Smart Cities data and applications need to replicate, as faithfully as possible, the state of the city and to simulate possible alternative futures. In order to do this, the modelling of the city should cover all aspects of the city that are relevant to the problems that require smart solutions. In this context, 2D and 3D spatial data play a key role, in particular 3D city models. One of the methods for collecting data that can be used for developing such 3D city models is Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a technology that has provided opportunities to generate large-scale 3D city models at relatively low cost. The collected data is further processed to obtain fully developed photorealistic virtual 3D city models. The goal of this research is to develop virtual 3D city model based on airborne LiDAR surveying and to analyze its applicability toward Smart Cities applications. It this paper, we present workflow that goes from data collection by LiDAR, through extract, transform, load (ETL) transformations and data processing to developing 3D virtual city model and finally discuss its future potential usage scenarios in various fields of application such as modern ICT-based urban planning and 3D cadaster. The results are presented on the case study of campus area of the University of Novi Sad

Revising Surveying and Representation Package of LADM Profile for Serbia to Support 3D Spatial Information

LADM profile for Serbia was developed by Radulović et al. (2017) reflecting the current state of Serbian cadastral information system which is based on 2D spatial information. It also provides general discussion of the need for establishing 3D cadastre in Serbia without specific details about its possible implementations and developments. Given the increasing usage of 3D datasets acquisitions in Serbia in recent years, particularly by LiDAR technology, in this paper we revise the surveying and representation package of Serbian LADM profile in the context of 3D spatial information and the process of retrieving 3D geometries of spatial units. With the proliferation of 3D datasets special attention should be paid to spatial sources such as LiDAR (airborne and terrestrial) and UAVs for buildings and BIM/IFC for building units, while formats for representation such as CityGML, CityDB, IndoorGML, BIM/IFC, etc. should also be addressed. Similar to 2D digital cadastral map supported by sketches of indoor information, we propose 3D digital cadastral map supported by indoor information represented by 3D formats (BIM/IFC, CityGML, IndoorGML). The link will be established by the means of unique property identification number. This approach will be demonstrated on two case studies. The first case study uses the procedure to obtain 3D city database developed based on airborne LIDAR data for the city of Novi Sad. The second case study uses the procedure to obtain 3D city database developed based on UAV data and terrestrial LiDAR for the city of Novi Pazar. For both case studies, different type of manual and automatic points cloud classification and 2D and 3D vectorization was done