Sezonska kolebanja u porodnoj masi i smrtnosti janjadi

The aim of the study was to determine whether lambs born in different seasons manifest a difference in birth weight and mortality rate. All year-round mating of Merinolandschaf ewes was used based on the natural occurrence of oestrus in different months of the year. The lambing seasons were grouped after birth month of lambs as follows: winter (December-February), spring (March-May), summer (June-August) and autumn (September-November). Data concerning identification number, birth date, type of birth and sex were collected on 401 lambs. Lamb mortality was recorded as number of lambs born dead and lambs born alive but that died within the first 48 hours after birth (perinatal mortality). All lambs were weighed within 12 h after birth, using suspended scales weighing from 0 to 20 kg in minimal 200 g increments. Lambs born in summer had the highest mean birth weight (4.8 kg) which was significantly (P0.05) differences were also observed for birth weight of male twins born in different seasons. Between all female groups (singles and twins), birth weight of lambs born in winter, spring, summer and autumn showed relatively small and not significant differences. Season had a significant (P0,05) razlike opažene su i između prosječnih porodnih masa muških dvojaka ojanjenih u različitim sezonama. Unutar pojedinačnih skupina ženske janjadi (jedinica i dvojaka), porodne mase utvrđene tijekom zime, proljeća, ljeta i jeseni pokazivale su relativno male i statistički neznačajne razlike. Sezona je imala značajan (P<0,01) utjecaj na perinatalnu smrtnost janjadi. Relativno niske stope smrtnosti (1,0%; 2,0%) ustanovljene su u janjadi ojanjene tijekom jeseni i proljeća, dok su za janjad ojanjenu zimi i ljeti one iznosile 11,0% i 20,0%. Unutar iste sezone, živa janjad bila je uvijek teža u odnosu na mrtvorođenu i janjad uginulu unutar 48 sati nakon janjenja. Iako je najveća razlika između živih i uginulih utvrđena za porodne mase janjadi ojanjene u proljeće (4,5 kg - živi prema 3,5 kg - uginuli), statistički značajne (P<0,05) razlike ustanovljene su samo za janjad nakon janjenja zimi (4,4 kg - živi prema 4,1 kg - uginuli), te za janjad ojanjenu ljeti (5,0 kg - živi prema 4,2 kg - uginuli)

Yeast-Derived Nucleotides Enhance Fibroblast Migration and Proliferation and Provide Clinical Benefits in Atopic Dermatitis

Nucleotides, glycosaminoglycans, and omega-3 essential fatty acids (O3s) could be used for improving skin health, although their modes of action, alone or in combination, are not yet fully understood. To gain some insight into these mechanisms, we performed two in vitro tests and one in vivo pilot trial. The effects on human dermal fibroblast proliferation and migration were evaluated with the following compounds and combinations: 0.156 mg/mL O3s, 0.0017 mg/mL hyaluronic acid (HA), 0.0004 mg/mL dermatan sulfate (DS), 0.0818 mg/mL nucleotides, and [O3s + HA + DS] and [O3s + HA + DS + nucleotides] at the same concentrations. In both in vitro assays, adding nucleotides to [O3s + HA + DS] provided significant improvements. The resulting combination [O3s + HA + DS + nucleotides] was then tested in vivo in dogs with atopic dermatitis by oral administration of a supplement providing a daily amount of 40 mg/kg nucleotides, 0.9 mg/kg HA, 0.18 mg/kg DS, 53.4 mg/kg EPA, and 7.6 mg/kg DHA. After 30 days, the pruritus visual analog scale (pVAS) score was significantly reduced, and no adverse effects were observed. In conclusion, the combination of nucleotides plus glycosaminoglycans and O3s could serve as a useful therapeutic alternative in skin health applications