Маркеры состояния экстрацеллюлярного матрикса и методы их исследования (обзор)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex meshwork consisting mainly of proteins and carbohydrates; it is currently viewed as a key factor of tissue organization and homeostasis. In each organ, the composition of ECM is different: it includes a variety of fibrillar components, such as collagens, fibronectin, and elastin, as well as non-fibrillar molecules: proteoglycans, hyaluronan, glycoproteins, and matrix proteins. ECM is an active tissue, where the de novo syntheses of structural components are constantly taking place. In parallel, ECM components undergo degradation catalyzed by a number of enzymes including matrix metalloproteinases. The synthesis and degradation of ECM components are controlled by mediators and cytokines, metabolic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Currently, a large amount of evidence indicates that modifications (remodeling) of ECM play an important role in the pathogenesis of clinical conditions. This may explain the increasing interest in the markers of ECM remodeling both in health and disease. In recent years, many of the ECM markers were considered targets for diagnosing, predicting, and treating diseases. In this review, we discuss some of the currently known ECM markers and methods used for their determination.Экстрацеллюлярный (внеклеточный) матрикс (ЭЦМ) представляет собой сложную сетчатую структуру, состоящую преимущественно из белков и углеводов, и рассматривается в настоящее время как ключевой регулятор организации тканей и гомеостаза. В каждом органе состав ЭЦМ различен, включает разнообразные фибриллярные компоненты, такие как коллагены, фибронектин и эластин, и нефибриллярные молекулы - протеогликаны, гиалуронан и гликопротеины, матриксные белки. ЭЦМ является активной структурой, в которой постоянно происходят процессы синтеза de novo структурных компонентов и параллельно - их деградации, осуществляемой преимущественно с участием ферментов, в том числе матриксных металлопротеиназ. Синтез и деградация компонентов матрикса находятся под сложным регуляторным влиянием различных медиаторов и цитокинов, метаболических, эпигенетических и средовых воздействий. В настоящее время накоплено большое количество доказательств, что изменения ЭЦМ играют важную роль при различных патологических состояниях. Этим обусловлен интерес к поиску маркеров, отражающих состояние ЭЦМ в разных органах и тканях как в физиологических условиях, так и при различных вариантах патологии. В последние годы многие из молекул ЭЦМ рассматриваются в качестве мишеней для диагностики, прогнозирования и лечения заболеваний. В данном обзоре мы систематизировали основные описанные в настоящий момент маркеры состояния ЭЦМ и используемые методы их определения

Effect of Nasal Obstructive Disorders on Sinonasal Symptoms in Children with Different Levels of Bronchial Asthma Control

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic rhinosinusitis (ARS) are typical upper airway pathologies (UAP) in children with bronchial asthma (BA) frequently accompanied with nasal obstructive diseases (NOD). In order to establish the effect of NOD on correlations between nasal and synonasal symptoms with clinical assessments of asthma control, 82 children, 9.8 [8.9; 10.7] years old, with atopic BA were assessed using ACQ-5 for the BA control level, TNSS for nasal symptoms, and SNOT-20 for synonasal quality of life in combination with rhinovideoendoscopy for NOD. All patients had AR/ARS; in 76.3% (63/82) of children, UAP had a multimorbid character with the presence of NOD. Significant correlations were found between ACQ-5 and TNSS (R=0.40, p<0.0001) and ACQ-5 and SNOT-20 (R=0.42, p<0.0001). Correlations between TNSS/ACQ-5 and SNOT-20/ACQ-5 were higher in patients who do not have a combination of AR/ARS with NOD (R=0.67, p=0.0012; R=0.50, p=0.022, resp.) than in patients who have AR/ARS combined with NOD (R=0.30, p=0.015; R=0.26, p=0.04, resp.). Thus, the association of BA control level with the expression of nasal and synonasal symptoms is higher in children who do not have multimorbid UAP. © 2018 T. I. Eliseeva et al

Effect of Nasal Obstructive Disorders on Sinonasal Symptoms in Children with Different Levels of Bronchial Asthma Control

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic rhinosinusitis (ARS) are typical upper airway pathologies (UAP) in children with bronchial asthma (BA) frequently accompanied with nasal obstructive diseases (NOD). In order to establish the effect of NOD on correlations between nasal and synonasal symptoms with clinical assessments of asthma control, 82 children, 9.8 [8.9; 10.7] years old, with atopic BA were assessed using ACQ-5 for the BA control level, TNSS for nasal symptoms, and SNOT-20 for synonasal quality of life in combination with rhinovideoendoscopy for NOD. All patients had AR/ARS; in 76.3% (63/82) of children, UAP had a multimorbid character with the presence of NOD. Significant correlations were found between ACQ-5 and TNSS (R=0.40, p<0.0001) and ACQ-5 and SNOT-20 (R=0.42, p<0.0001). Correlations between TNSS/ACQ-5 and SNOT-20/ACQ-5 were higher in patients who do not have a combination of AR/ARS with NOD (R=0.67, p=0.0012; R=0.50, p=0.022, resp.) than in patients who have AR/ARS combined with NOD (R=0.30, p=0.015; R=0.26, p=0.04, resp.). Thus, the association of BA control level with the expression of nasal and synonasal symptoms is higher in children who do not have multimorbid UAP. © 2018 T. I. Eliseeva et al