A Simplified in vivo Autoradiographic Strategy for the Determination of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow by Positron Emission Tomography: Theoretical Considerations and Validation Studies in the Rat

A simplified mathematical model is described for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by positron emission tomography in man, based on a modification of the autoradiographic strategy originally developed for experimental animal studies. A modified ramp intravenous infusion of radiolabeled tracer is used; this results in a monotonically increasing curvilinear arterial activity curve that may be accurately described by a polynomial of low degree (= z). Integrated cranial activity C̄B is measured in regions of interest during the latter portion of the tracer infusion period (times T1 to T2). It is shown that C̄R=∑x=0zAx, where each of the terms Ax is a readily evaluated function of the blood flow rate constant k, the brain:blood partition coefficient for the tracer, the cranial activity integration limits T1 and T2, the coefficients of the polynomial describing the arterial curve, and an iteration factor n that is chosen to yield the desired degree of precision. This relationship permits generation of a table of C̄B vs. k, thus facilitating on-line computer solution for blood flow. This in vivo autoradiographic paradigm was validated in a series of rats by comparing it to the classical autoradiographic strategy developed by Kety and associates. Excellent agreement was demonstrated between blood flow values obtained by the two methods: CBFin vivo = CBFclassical X 0.99 − 0.02 (units in ml g−1 min−1; correlation coefficient r = 0.966)

A Simplified in vivo

A simplified mathematical model is described for the measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by positron emission tomography in man, based on a modification of the autoradiographic strategy originally developed for experimental animal studies. A modified ramp intravenous infusion of radiolabeled tracer is used; this results in a monotonically increasing curvilinear arterial activity curve that may be accurately described by a polynomial of low degree (= z). Integrated cranial activity C̄B is measured in regions of interest during the latter portion of the tracer infusion period (times T1 to T2). It is shown that C̄R=∑x=0zAx, where each of the terms Ax is a readily evaluated function of the blood flow rate constant k, the brain:blood partition coefficient for the tracer, the cranial activity integration limits T1 and T2, the coefficients of the polynomial describing the arterial curve, and an iteration factor n that is chosen to yield the desired degree of precision. This relationship permits generation of a table of C̄B vs. k, thus facilitating on-line computer solution for blood flow. This in vivo autoradiographic paradigm was validated in a series of rats by comparing it to the classical autoradiographic strategy developed by Kety and associates. Excellent agreement was demonstrated between blood flow values obtained by the two methods: CBFin vivo = CBFclassical X 0.99 − 0.02 (units in ml g−1 min−1; correlation coefficient r = 0.966)