EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES CARRIED OUT DURING LEISURE TIME AND WITH A COMMUNITY APPROACH IN CATALONIA

La educación en el tiempo libre de base comunitaria ha jugado un papel importante en la construcción de la cohesión social en Catalunya. En este artículo se pone en valor esta contribución, pero a su vez se señala como problemática la existencia de procesos de concentración y segregación educativa que pueden constituir un obstáculo para la interculturalidad. Se presentan propuestas que ayuden a plantear, desde estas organizaciones, una gestión intercultural de sus proyectos socioeducativos, por ejemplo, reflejando en ellos mayores cuotas de diversidad sociocultural. MÉTODO. La investigación tenía como finalidad contribuir al fortalecimiento de interculturalidad en este contexto, a partir de los siguientes objetivos: identificar condiciones organizativas y educativas que favorecieran o dificultaran el desarrollo de la interculturalidad; y, formular propuestas para su sostenibilidad o superación. Se aplicaron diferentes técnicas cualitativas para la recogida de datos: análisis documental, entrevistas semi-estructuradas y grupos de discusión. Para el tratamiento y análisis de los datos se realizó un análisis crítico del discurso y se utilizó el programa Atlas-Ti. RESULTADOS. Los resultados obtenidos constatan que, aunque coexisten condiciones favorables y desfavorables a la interculturalidad, tienen más peso aquellas que limitan la diversidad sociocultural entre sus participantes, y que los equipos educativos no tienen desarrollada, o muy poco, la dimensión comunitaria. DISCUSIÓN. Partiendo de los resultados y de la literatura revisada se propone, por un lado, impulsar medidas organizativas orientadas a la participación, la atención a la diversidad y la formación. Por otro, diseñar e impulsar acciones conjuntas con la comunidad educativa para gestionar la existencia de sobre-representaciones de perfiles socioculturales entre los participantes. Y por último, se sugiere la constitución de equipos comunitarios de atención a la diversidad que promuevan una gestión intercultural compartida para superar los procesos de concentración y segregación educativa. INTRODUCTION. The educational programmes carried out during leisure time and with a community approach played an important role in the development of social cohesion in Catalonia. In this paper the value of this contribution is recognized, but at the same time, the existence of educational concentration and segregation dynamics is identified as a problem for interculturality. For this reason, some proposals presented here can help these organizations to manage interculturally their projects, for example, reflecting the sociocultural diversity of the community within they are developed. METHOD. The framework of this paper is a research project oriented to contribute to the strengthening of intercultural vision in this context. The goals were: identify organizational and educational conditions which facilitate or not the development of interculturality; and, make proposals for their sustainability or improvement. Some qualitative technics were used to collect data: documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews and discussion groups. And Atlas-Ti program, as well as, discourse critical analysis procedure were used to analyse the data. RESULTS. The results pointed out that, even though there are advantageous and disadvantageous conditions to interculturality, those that restrict the sociocultural diversity of participants influence more. And it was confirmed that educational teams have not developed, or very little, their community dimension. DISCUSSION. On the basis of the results obtained and the literature reviewed is suggested, on one hand, the impulse of some organizational actions oriented to participation, diversity attention and training actions. On the other, it is noted the appropriateness of designing and launching actions, together with the educational community, to manage the existence of over-representation of some sociocultural profiles among participants, and finally, it is proposed the constitution of diversity attention’ community teams to manage interculturality among educational community and oriented to overcome the concentration and segregation educational dynamic

An atlas of Caenorhabditis elegans chemoreceptor expression

One goal of modern day neuroscience is the establishment of molecular maps that assign unique features to individual neuron types. Such maps provide important starting points for neuron classification, for functional analysis, and for developmental studies aimed at defining the molecular mechanisms of neuron identity acquisition and neuron identity diversification. In this resource paper, we describe a nervous system-wide map of the potential expression sites of 244 members of the largest gene family in the C. elegans genome, rhodopsin-like (class A) G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) chemoreceptors, using classic gfp reporter gene technology. We cover representatives of all sequence families of chemoreceptor GPCRs, some of which were previously entirely uncharacterized. Most reporters are expressed in a very restricted number of cells, often just in single cells. We assign GPCR reporter expression to all but two of the 37 sensory neuron classes of the sex-shared, core nervous system. Some sensory neurons express a very small number of receptors, while others, particularly nociceptive neurons, coexpress several dozen GPCR reporter genes. GPCR reporters are also expressed in a wide range of inter- and motorneurons, as well as non-neuronal cells, suggesting that GPCRs may constitute receptors not just for environmental signals, but also for internal cues. We observe only one notable, frequent association of coexpression patterns, namely in one nociceptive amphid (ASH) and two nociceptive phasmid sensory neurons (PHA, PHB). We identified GPCRs with sexually dimorphic expression and several GPCR reporters that are expressed in a left/right asymmetric manner. We identified a substantial degree of GPCR expression plasticity; particularly in the context of the environmentally-induced dauer diapause stage when one third of all tested GPCRs alter the cellular specificity of their expression within and outside the nervous system. Intriguingly, in a number of cases, the dauer-specific alterations of GPCR reporter expression in specific neuron classes are maintained during postdauer life and in some case new patterns are induced post-dauer, demonstrating that GPCR gene expression may serve as traits of life history. Taken together, our resource provides an entry point for functional studies and also offers a host of molecular markers for studying molecular patterning and plasticity of the nervous system

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

The fibrinolitys system in muscle regeneration and dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal degenerative disorder of locomotor and respiratory muscles, in which myofibers are progressively replaced by non-muscular fibrotic tissue. Here, we show that fibrin/ogen accumulates in dystrophic muscles of DMD patients and of the mdx mouse model of DMD. Genetic loss or pharmacological depletion of fibrin/ogen in mdx mice attenuated muscular dystrophy progression and improved locomotor capacity. More importantly, fibrin/ogen depletion reduced fibrosis in mdx mouse diaphragm. Our data indicate that fibrin/ogen, through induction of IL-1 Ò, drives the synthesis of TGF Ò by mdx macrophages, which in turn, induces collagen production in mdx fibroblasts. Fibrin/ogen-produced TGF Ò further amplifies collagen accumulation through recruitment and activation of pro-fibrotic alternatively activated macrophages. Fibrin/ogen also stimulated collagen synthesis directly in mdx fibroblasts, via Ñv Ò3 integrin engagement. In addition, when analyzing a group of 39 DMD patients, fibrin/ogen accumulation in locomotor muscles was found associated with fibrosis and disease severity. These data unveil a novel role of fibrin/ogen in muscular dystrophy and, importantly, in the replacement of muscle by fibrotic tissue

Sox genes in C. elegans: sox-2 role in postembryonic development

Report for the scientific sojourn carried out at the Columbia University, United States, from 2010 to 2012. Expression of SoxB genes correlates with the commitment of cells to a neural fate; however, the relevance of SoxB proteins in early vertebrate neurogenesis has been difficult to prove genetically due to embryonic lethality and presumed redundant functions. The nematode C. Elegants has only 5 sox genes: sox-2 and sox-3 form the SoxB group while sem-2, sox-4 and egl-13 belong to other Sox groups. Our results show that sox-2 and sem-2 are the sox genes expressed earliest and in a broader manner during embryogenesis, being expressed in several neuronal progenitors. sox-3, sox-4 and egl-13 are expressed in few cells during late embryogenesis, when most neurons are already born. Both sox-2 and sem-2 null mutants are early larval lethal but do not show neuronal specification defects during embryonic development as indicated by quantification of a panneuronal reporter. Potential redundancy or compensatory mechanisms between different sox genes have been ruled out, strongly suggesting that sox genes are not required for specification of embryonically-derived neurons. However, at the first larval stage there are still several blast cells that will give rise to different postembryonic lineages, which generate several neurons amongst other cell types. nterestingly, sox-2 is expressed in many of these progenitor cells. Using mosaic analysis we have so far identified neurons derived from two different postembryonic lineages which fail to be generated in C. elegans sox-2 mutants. These results support the idea that postembryonic progenitor competence is compromised in the absence of sox-2

AKTIVITAS BERMUSIK ANAK TK B DI KELURAHAN DONOKERTO, TURI, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase aktivitas bermusik beserta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada anak kelas TK B di Kelurahan Donokerto, Turi, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan subyek penelitian siswa kelas TK B di Kelurahan Donokerto, Turi, Sleman, Yogyakarta yang terdiri dari tiga TK, yaitu TK Pertiwi Donokerto I, TK Pertiwi Donokerto II dan TK Insan Cendekia semester genap tahun ajaran 2017/2018 yang berjumlah 90 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi menggunakan alat bantu berupa lembar pengamatan. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas mendengarkan musik mencapai 94,44 %, aktivitas menyanyi mencapai 91,11 % dan aktivitas bergerak sesuai iringan musik mencapai 91,11 %. Perolehan persentase aktivitas bermusik secara keseluruhan adalah 92,22 %. Sesuai pembagian kriteria penilaian yang mengacu pada teori yang dikembangkan oleh Acep Yoni, persentase aktivitas bermusik anak kelas TK B di Kelurahan Donokerto, Turi, Sleman, Yogyakarta masuk kategori sangat baik. Faktor yang mendukung adalah komponen pembelajaran yang memadai sedangkan faktor penghambatnya adalah motivasi internal anak serta pola asuh orang tua. Kata kunci : Aktivitas bermusik, Anak TK