Fluorescence microscopy on the biocompatibility of gentamicin-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) material on osteoblast

This study was carried out to observe the biocompatibility of gentamicin-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) on osteoblast using fluorescence microscopy. The specific objective was to observe the viability of the osteoblast on the gentamicin-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) and to determine the effect of the biomaterial coated with gentamicin on the osteoblast. Osteoblast cell lines were cultured and maintained in complete medium, 1:1 HAM's F12 Medium Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without phenol red (DMEM) and incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO 2. The cell lines were treated with different concentration of gentamicin-coated hydroxyapatite and the interactions of the antibiotic beads against osteoblast were tested using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The MTT assay results indicated that varying concentrations of gentamicin coated HA from 0.1 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml did not significantly affect viability of osteoblast. By employing fluorescence microscopy, the morphology of osteoblast observed appeared red in color which indicated that the osteoblast was viable on biomaterial. The pore size of hydroxyapatite is between 150 to 350 nm. This preliminary result suggested that the gentamicin-coated HA had a good biocompatibility towards osteoblast

Cytotoxic effect of gentamycin-coated hydroxyapatite on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.

A biofilm is a multilayered complex microorganism, which attached on a surface and resistant to antibiotics. In this study, we examined the cytotoxicity of the HA biomaterial coated with gentamycin on S. aureus biofilm. The microtiter plate biofilm assay and catheter-associated biofilm had been described in this study. The surface morphology of S. aureus biofilm was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The IC50 of gentamycincoated HA treated on S. aureus biofilm was 0.1mg/ml (100μg/ml)

Geopolitik negeri Johor dan prestasi parti politik dalam Pilihan Raya Umum DUN Johor 2022

Politik Negeri Johor bergolak apabila Menteri Besar Johor bertindak menyerahkan warkah pembubaran Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN) Johor kepada Baginda Sultan Johor yang mendapat perkenan Baginda pada 22 Januari 2022 untuk diadakan pilihan raya DUN baru bagi mewujudkan sebuah Kerajaan Negeri yang stabil. Pilihan raya yang diadakan pada 12 Mac 2022 tersebut dianggap sebagai kontroversi kerana diadakan dalam keadaan penularan wabak pandemik COVID-19 yang belum pulih sebaiknya dan keadaan ekonomi rakyat yang tidak mengizinkan. Namun pilihan raya ini dapat dijadikan sebagai kayu ukur bagi prestasi parti politik menuju Pilihan Raya Umum ke-15 (PRU-15) akan datang di samping merupakan pilihan raya pertama yang melibatkan undi-18. Justeru adalah menjadi tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk menganalisis geopolitik Negeri Johor dan prestasi parti politik dalam Pilihan Raya Umum DUN Johor 2022. Berdasarkan analisis data keputusan PRU DUN Johor 2022, pemerhatian di lapangan dan analisis sumber sekunder seperti artikel jurnal dan kertas persidangan, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Barisan Nasional (BN) berjaya memenangi pilihan raya tersebut dengan jumlah kerusi DUN yang memberangsangkan namun Perikatan Nasional (PN) turut memberi cabaran yang hebat terutamanya di kawasan majoriti pengundi etnik Melayu manakala Pakatan Harapan (PH) terus mendominasi kawasan bandar majoriti etnik Cina. Parti-parti politik lain sekadar memenuhi tuntutan demokrasi dan memeriahkan suasana kempen pilihan raya. Pilihan raya ini juga menyaksikan jumlah peratus keluar mengundi menurun kepada hanya 54.92 peratus. Justeru, pilihan raya ini masih belum dapat dijadikan indikator sokongan pengundi pada PRU-15 kerana peratus keluar mengundi yang rendah di samping isu besar yang boleh muncul secara tiba-tiba menuru PRU-15 nanti

Carbon pool in different land use in Germany

The impact of land use on carbon pools were investigated in three different land use type (forestland, arable land and grassland) in Katinger Watt area in Northern Germany. The area was once a sea floor (tidal flat) that was dyked in 1973. Relevant condition for carbon turnover in the studied area were similar, thus the different in carbon pools during soil genesis were attributed to different land use systems

Pengaruh kepimpinan politik kepartian berasaskan etnik terhadap pola keputusan PRU DUN Sabah 2020

Pilihan Raya Umum (PRU) Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN) Sabah 2020 diadakan berikutan perisytiharan pembubaran DUN Sabah oleh Yang Dipertua Negeri Sabah atas pemintaan Ketua Menteri Sabah iaitu Datuk Seri Shafie Apdal. Beliau bertindak sedemikian kerana percaturan politik yang tidak berkesudahan di Sabah oleh parti pembangkang di negeri tersebut yang berjaya mengumpulkan sejumlah ADUN Sabah dengan majoriti mudah untuk beralih sokongan kepada bekas Ketua Menteri iaitu Tan Sri Datuk Seri Musa Aman untuk dilantik sebagai Ketua Menteri baru. Walaupun bekas Ketua Menteri itu membawa kes pembubaran DUN Sabah ke mahkamah namun akhirnya PRU DUN tersebut tetap diadakan. PRU DUN ini dilihat sebagai ujian bagi melihat pengaruh WARISAN-PKR dan Perikatan Nasional (PN) dalam keadaan situasi penularan wabak Covic-19. Objektif utama artikel ini ialah untuk menganalisis pengaruh politik kepartian berasaskan etnik dalam PRU DUN Sabah 2020. Berdasarkan analisis data keputusan PRU DUN Sabah 2020 dan analisis sumber sekunder seperti artikel jurnal dan kertas persidangan, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa sokongan pengundi kepada parti politik dalam PRU DUN tersebut adalah berasaskan sentimen pimpinan kepartian etnik iaitu UMNO (BN) dan BERSATU (PN) yang dipimpin Orang Melayu mendapat sokongan di kawasan majoriti pengundi etnik Melayu Sabah serta Melayu Brunei pimpinan UMNO dan BERSATU; kawasan majoriti kaum Rungus-Kadazan-Dusun-Murut oleh pimpinan etnik Kadazan-Dusun daripada STAR dan PBS manakala WARISAN-PKR memperoleh sokongan di kawasan majoriti pengundi etnik Bajau pimpinan etnik Bajau WARISAN dan etnik Cina di kawasan bandar pimpinan etnik Cina DAP dan PKR yang bersekutu dengan WARISAN. Implikasi daripada penulisan artikel ini ialah politik kepartian berasaskan etnik terus mendapat kepercayaan pengundi kerana pengundi lebih yakin dan percaya kepada pemimpin etnik sendiri untuk memperjuangkan nasib hidup mereka dalam jangka masa panjang

Successful commercialisation of locally fabricated bioceramics for clinical applications.

This paper chronicled the development of a locally produced bone graft substitute based on calcium phosphate bioceramics called "GranuMaS--from concepts to clinics, and finally to its successful commercialization all within 5-year duration. It was a Prioritized Research (PR) collaborative project of 5 institutions namely SIRIM, ANM, USM, UKM and IIUM, funded by MOSTI to the amount of approximately RM2.5 millions under RM8. This paper also highlighted the requirements needed in terms of technical expertise/manpower, facilities and infrastructure, and government/institutional supports, as well as the challenge faced in developing and commercializing such product

Carbon stock estimation of mangrove forest in Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

Suhaili NS, Fei JLJ, Sha’ari FW, Idris MI, Hatta SH, Kodoh J, Besar NA. 2020. Carbon stock estimation of Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve in Sabah, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 21:5657-5664.Mangrove Forest has a significant role in sequestering carbon gases from the atmosphere but there are lesser literature has been made on it. This research was conducted to quantify the aboveground, belowground and soil carbon stock in Sulaman Lake Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Nine transect lines with 125m length were established and a circle with 7m radius was set in every 25m. Forest inventory was done to get the diameter breast height of standing trees and soil sampling with four different depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-50 cm and 50-100 cm) were taken for soil analysis and bulk density. Allometric equation was used to calculate aboveground and belowground biomass then its carbon stock was estimated as 50% from its total biomass. The result shows the total carbon stock in the study area was 441.72Mg C ha-1, and soil has the highest value of carbon stock (351.98± 11.73Mg C ha-1) followed by aboveground carbon (67.30± 20.55 Mg C ha-1) and belowground carbon (22.44± 0.17Mg C ha-1). This study found that soil carbon stock made up almost 80% of the total carbon stock in the mangrove forest. This ecosystem also shows a higher value of carbon stock compared to other locations hence emphasized the importance of prioritizing a mangrove forest in any climate mitigation efforts

Fluorescence microscopy on the biocompatibility of gentamicin-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) material on osteoblast

This study was carried out to observe the biocompatibility of gentamicin-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) on osteoblast using fluorescence microscopy. The specific objective was to observe the viability of the osteoblast on the gentamicin-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) and to determine the effect of the biomaterial coated with gentamicin on the osteoblast. Osteoblast cell lines were cultured and maintained in complete medium, 1:1 HAM's F12 Medium Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without phenol red (DMEM) and incubated at 37°C in a 5% CO2. The cell lines were treated with different concentration of gentamicin-coated hydroxyapatite and the interactions of the antibiotic beads against osteoblast were tested using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The MTT assay results indicated that varying concentrations of gentamicin coated HA from 0.1 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml did not significantly affect viability of osteoblast. By employing fluorescence microscopy, the morphology of osteoblast observed appeared red in color which indicated that the osteoblast was viable on biomaterial. The pore size of hydroxyapatite is between 150 to 350 nm. This preliminary result suggested that the gentamicin-coated HA had a good biocompatibility towards osteoblast

Biocompatibility of Gentamicin-coated Hydroxyapatite (Ha) with osteoblast.

This study was carried out to compare the surface morphological changes and cell-to-cell attachment with different concentrations of gentamicin-coated hydroxyapatite (HA) on the osteoblast cell lines. Osteoblast cell lines were cultured and maintained in complete medium, 1:1 HAM’s F12 Medium Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium without phenol red (DMEM) and incubated at 37oC in 5% CO2. The cell lines were treated with gentamicin-coated HA and undergone the 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. After 72 hours treatment, the gentamicin-coated HA was processed for viewing the morphological changes by using scanning electron microscopy. The MTT assay results indicated that varying concentrations of gentamicin coated hydroxyapatite do not significantly affect viability of osteoblast. The osteoblast-like cells attached and spread well on the surface of hydroxyapatite and grew into the pores. In conclusion, the gentamicin-coated HA is biocompatible towards osteoblast