Evidence of Pre-Imaginal Overwintering of Diamondback Moth, \u3ci\u3ePlutella Xylostella\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in Michigan

We investigated the possibility of overwintering of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., in central Michigan. In the spring of 1993, counts of immature stages on brassicaceous weeds in a field previously planted to broccoli revealed a small but significant number of late instars that could not be attributed to oviposition of immigrant moths from the southern United States. We suggest that crop debris and snow cover played an important role in sheltering the larvae, which are known to tolerate sub·freezing temperatures. There was no indication of adult survival

Differential Effects of Food Plants on the Development, Egg Production and Feeding Behaviour of the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.)

Differential effects of food plants on developmental time of diamondback moth (DBM) (Plutella xylostella L.) laroae and pupae, larval feeding behaviour and egg production by the adult were studied. The food plants used were five Brassicaceae plants (Brassica juncea Cosson, B. juncea Cosson var. rugose Bally, B. alba Rebenh, B. oleracea var. alboglabra Bally and B. juncea L. (Czern)) and one Capparidaceae (Cleome rutidosperma DC). The developmental times ofbDBM laroae and pupae were significantly affected by the food plants. Laroal developmental time was significantly longer (10.9 days) when fed on B. alba (cultivated) than on the other food plants. The wild food plants seemed to prolong the developmental time of DBM pupae compared with the cultivated hosts. There was a strong relationship (r = 0.85) between the numbers of eggs laid by DBM adults and the weight of the pupae which developed from larvae fed on various food plants. In contrast to the wild hosts and three other cultivated hosts, B. juncea seemed to be a better food plant ( better quality food) as it caused higher pupal weight and egg production 1Yy the female adults. In a no-choice test, DBM laroae took a significantly longer time to reachB. juncea (wild and cultivated) than other host plants, indicating that the former had fewer feeding attractants. DBM larvae spent significantly shorter time to feed on C. rutidosperma and cultivated B. juncea than on other food plants. In a choice test, DBM larvae took about equal amounts of time to reach each food plant. However, they spent significantly longer time feeding on B. juncea than on other food plants. The potential of C. rutidosperma to be used in insecticide-resistant management ofDBM is also discussed

Flow Injection Sample Introduction for Atomic-absorption Spectrometry: Applications of a Simplified Model for Dispersion

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The Composition of Spesies and Changes in Reef Fishes Community at Ecoreef Rehabilitation Site, Manado Tua Island, Bunaken National Park

The study conducted from 2006 to 2012 with an interval of every two years in the ecoreef area of ​​ Manado Tua island found 2,936 individual reef fishes of 181 species that include into 32 families. Species composition value of the 10 dominant species of reef fishes was 55.48% of the total species. The highest number of species was Plotosus lineatus with schooling behavior which only discovered in 2010 at a depth of 3 meters. Ecoreef area of Manado Tua island, when analyzed from the abundance and biomass of reef fishes exhibited a succession of reef fish that have been stable, with peak abundance and higher biomass in 2008 and 2010. Reef fish found in ecoreef seemed to start a new living and become a new habitat for them. These were indicated by the highest biomass during the previous year but the number of individuals and spesies were decline. There was no change in the structure of reef fish communities in the ecoreef area of Manado Tua Island, which characterized by non significant different ecological index between the years. Cluster analyses grouped reef fish species into 2 groups i.e., the group of 2006 and the group of 2008, 2010, and 2012. Early survey in 2006 showed lower abundance of reef fish species for allegedly associated with low ecoreef organisms

3D structures for silicon carbide transistors utilising Al2O3 as a gate dielectric

This paper reports on the first investigation of the characteristics of 3D structures formed in silicon carbide for the realisation of ultra-high performance nanoscale transistors, based on the FINFET topology. Capacitance–voltage characteristics show evidence of a second flatband voltage, located at a higher bias than that seen for purely planar devices. Two distinct peaks in the conductance–voltage characteristics are observed, centred at the flatband voltages, where the amplitude of the high voltage peak correlates with the sidewall area. This suggests that the chemical behaviour of the sidewalls differ from those of the (0001) wafer surface. The breakdown electric field of the dielectric film grown on the 3D structure is in excess of 3 MV cm−1. It is demonstrated that 3D transistors (FINFETs) do not utilise the gate voltage range where the abnormal characteristics exist and so this work reports for the first time the possibility of high performance nanoscale transistors in silicon carbide that can operate at high temperatures

Long Term Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil under Varying Moisture Content

Petroleum hydrocarbon spills cause contamination of soils, surface aquifers and groundwater supplies, thereby having a negative impact on the environment. Advances in science and technology have enabled us to apply the potential of biological diversity for pollution abatement which is termed as bioremediation. Bioremediation is an innovative technology for the treatment of wide variety of contaminants. The present study was hence focused on treating petroleum contaminated soils utilizing the potential of bioremediation. The study emphasizes on hydrocarbon degradation during the long term bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. Moisture content of the soil was considered for optimization, in order to evaluate its influence on the biodegradation process. Biodegradation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) was examined for 28 bioreactors with varying moisture content (30% - 90% field capacity) and one reactor was taken as control bioreactor. The physico-chemical and biological characteristics of the soil were tested on a weekly basis for a period of 23 weeks to determine the TPH degradation rate. It was observed that at moisture content of 60% field capacity, maximum TPH removal of 78.21% was recorded and the degradation rate constants for rapid and slow phase of degradation were 0.0250 d-1 and 0.00267 d-1respectively. Since the first (rapid) stage of degradation was dominating, efforts to enhance biological activity should be directed towards the first phase of biodegradation

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT Central Capital Futures Cabang Malang

This study aims to determine: (1). The influence of leadership on employee performance of PT Central Capital Futures Malang Branch; (2). The influence of work discipline on employee performance of PT Central Capital Futures Malang Branch; (3). The influence of leadership and work discipline simultaneously on employee performance of PT Central Capital Futures Malang Branch. The research method is quantitative causality or causal with multiple linear regression analysis technique. The population is all 37 employees with 37 samples using full sampling (census). Hypothesis test using t test (partial) and F test (simultaneous). The result of t test (partial) shows that leadership has positive and significant effect to employee's performance, work discipline has positive and significant impact to employee's performance; and F test results (simultaneous) indicate that leadership And Work Discipline Together Effect On Employee performance.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1). Pengaruh kepemimpinan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Central Capital Futures Cabang Malang; (2). Pengaruh disiplin kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Central Capital Futures Cabang Malang; (3). Pengaruh kepemimpinan dan disiplin kerja secara simultan terhadap kinerja karyawan PT Central Capital Futures Cabang Malang. Metode penelitian adalah kuantitatif yang bersifat sebab akibat atau kausal dengan teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Populasinya adalah seluruh karyawan yang berjumlah 37 karyawan dengan sampel 37 karyaan dengan menggunakan sampling penuh (sensus). Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t (partial) dan uji F (simultan). Hasil uji t (partial) menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, disiplin kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan; dan hasil uji F (simultan) menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan dan disiplin kerja secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan

Developing and Using Multimedia Effectively for Cirebonese Language Learning

Lab Learning on Electronics Industry is a must course. This is necessary for students so they have good skills. Lab Learning need practice equipment that enough to fit the quantities of students. But in fact the quantities of material and practice equipment are not being sufficient. In addition, there is no learning media that can support the courses. This study aims to develop lab learning media with technology based on game with android-base that can help the students to understand the lab course everywhere, all the time. This study using Research and Development Method (RnD) with Model of Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC). This study is done through six stage that is: 1. Concept; 2) Design; 3) Collection of material; 4) Assembly; 5) Testing; and 6) Distribution. The evaluation process feasibility learning media done by granting the survey to Media Experts, Lecture experts, and respondents trial use. Based on the assessment field test by students for Industrial Electronics they can get 88.27% counted as very good. Android-Based Elin Game as Learning Media in Industrial Electronics is very reasonable and effective for teaching.     Keywords: Game, Android, Learning Media, Industrial Electronics, Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC)