Inter-rater Reliability of Health of Nations Outcome Scale (HoNOS) Among Mental Health Nurses in Aceh

Background: The Health of Nations Outcome Scale (HoNOS) instrument could be used for routine purposes and assessing the functional status of the mental health patients in clinical and community settings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agreement of the scale among mental health nurses who would use this tool in Indonesia.Methods: Fifty five psychotic patients who were hospitalized at a mental hospital in Aceh were evaluated by 11 mental health nurses using the HoNOS instrument. The agreement between the nurses on each questionnaire item was evaluated using the intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient.Results: Forty-two percent of the patients were 31-40 years of age, the youngest was 24 and the oldest was 59, most of them were males, and 38% had psychosis for 5-10 years. Thirty-six percent of the nurses aged >40 years as raters, half of them were females, and 55% had worked for >10 years. ICC values were generally good (ranging from 0.8 to 0.9) among the mental health hospital nurses, as well as the community health centers nurses and a combination of both.Conclusion: This instrument showed a good inter-rater agreement and could be used in future research with the same settings. For a wider use in different regions, it is recommended to test the reliability and the validity of the HoNOS in a larger study population. (Health Science Indones 2011;2:53-7

Gambaran Gangguan Cemas Masyarakat di Sekitar Menara Base Tranceiver Station/bts di Bandung dan Jakarta

A research on Health Effect of Electromagnetic Fields to People Arround The Base Tranceiver Stations (BTSs) in Jakarta and Bandung was conducted to study the influence of BTS existence on the residents mental health condition.The research design was cross-sectional The number of sample was 655 people scattered in 10 BTSs. The data was collected through interviews using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) questionnaires, conducted by researchers of Center for Public Health Intervention Technology, NIHRD. Data processing and analysis were performed bivariate between the houses distances from BTSs and the occurrences of anxiety disorder. The results showed that 64,8% of respondents in Bandung and 57,8% of respondents in Jakarta have a general health complaints such as dizziness/headaches, cough and fever, and suffering from degenerative diseases such as high blood pressure, stroke, and diabetes mellitus (DM). Specially for mental health, there is a significant association between respondents anxiety disorders and the distance of their house from the BTSs (p<0,05). The proportion of respondents suffering from anxiety disorder is higher for respondents whose house is located less than 100 meters from the BTSs than those who have their house at a greater distance (over 100 meters). The respondents living near BTSs in Bandung and Jakarta have general health problems. The anxiety disorder is most likely triggered by the BTSs existence near their house.Keywords : Base Transceiver Station, Radiation, Anxiety DisorderAbstrakTelah dilakukan Penelitian Pengaruh Medan Elektromagnetik Terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat Di Sekitar Menara Pemancar Telepon Seluler (BTS) di Jakarta dan Bandung, Disain dari penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel 655 orang yang tersebar di sekitar 10 BTS. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara menggunakan kuesioner Mini International of Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) oleh peneliti peneliti Pusat Teknologi Intervensi Kesehatan Masyarakat. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat antara jarak rumah terhadap BTS dengan kejadian gangguan cemas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 64,8% responden di Bandung dan 57,8% di Jakarta mempunyai keluhan kesehatan yang bersifat umum seperti pusing/sakit kepala, batuk dan demam, menderita penyakit degeneratif seperti darah tinggi, stroke, dan diabetes mellitus (DM). Khusus untuk kesehatan mental, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara gangguan cemas responden dengan jarak rumah ke BTS (p<0,05). Proporsi gangguan cemas pada responden dengan rumah berjarak kurang dari 100 meter ke BTS lebih tinggi dari pada responden dengan jarak rumah lebih jauh (lebih dari 100 meter). Gangguan cemas yang dialami kemungkinan besar karena pengaruh keberadaan BTS di sekitar rumah.Kata kunci : Menara BTS, Radiasi, Gangguan Cema

Identifikasi Fator-faktor Risiko Stress dan Variable Sosiodemografi Berdasarkan Surkesda Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam 2006

Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) is a region which has faced protracted conflict following by tsunami disarter on December, 26 2004. Surkesda NAD 2006, as post tsunami health survey, was conducted in the middle of 2006 which included Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to assess mental health problem in NAD province. The identification of stress factors and socio demographic variables in NAD is a further analysis based on SRQ from Surkesda NAD 2006. The analysis covered 1210 people aged 15 years and over spread out in 21 distiricts/cities in NAD. The overall prevalence of neurosis in NAD in 2006 was 22,6% with prevalences by districts/cities ranged from 5% to 59%. Two districts with prevalence above 50% were Aceh Singkil and Gayo Lues, while districts/cities with prevalence below 10% belonged to Sabang and Aceh Jaya. Symptoms that most people reported were headache (51,2%), fatique easy (37%), sleep difficulty (26%), abdominal discomfort (25.6%) and loss of appetite (21,1%). Female had risk more than one and a half to neurosis (OR=1.598; 95% CI: 1,121- 1,772). Aged ≥ 55 year had risk almost two times to neurosis (OR=1,923; 95% CI: 1,592-2,323). Divorce status had risk 1.7 times (OR=1,73; 95% CI: 1.082-2.767). Living in rural had risk 1.4 times (OR=1,409; 95% CI: 1,155-1,858). Married with low socioeconomic status had risk 1.7 times (OR=1,790; 95% CI: 1,263-2,539). The study suggests that the most important region to get more attention are Aceh Singkil and Gayo Lues districts. The study also recommend of the need of mental health intervention for old group, community mental health that focus on non psychosis mental disorder identification to prevent serious mental disorder, and availability of some medicines to overcome chronic stress symptoms

Hubungan Gangguan Mental Emosional dengan Hipertensi pada Penduduk Indonesia

Hypertension is often associated with psychological stress for its sufferer. The aims of this analysiswere to undertake how many people with mental emotional disorder have hypertension and to assessassociation between mental emotional disorder with hypertension besides other characteristics. Thedata were taken from National Basic Health Research 2013.The samples were 651.200 people 18 yearsold and above.The samples were identified have hypertension by measurement using digital bloodpressure monitor or consume anti hypertension medicine routinely. Stress or mental emotional disorderwas assessed by self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ). Samples were categorized have mental emotionaldisorder if they answered “yes” for ≥ six questions of SRQ. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21with complex sample method. The association among variables was assessed by bivariate, multivariatewith significance p &lt; 0.05.The percentage of mental emotional people who had hypertension was 34.4%.The main factors associated with hypertension were age ≥ 65 years old (ORadj7,58;95%CI7,29-7,87),35-64years old (ORadj 3,06;95%CI2,98-3,15) divorced (ORadj1,85;95%CI 1,77 1,95), unemployed(ORadj1,22 ;95%CI1,18-1,26), mental emotional (ORadj 1.10; 95% CI 1,06-1,15) .In this study, mentalemotional disorder had weak association with hypertension. Intervention program for hypertensioncontrol is better directed to old people and people with divorced status of marriage

Faktor Risiko Penyakit Ginjal Kronik Berdasarkan Analisis Cross-sectional Data Awal Studi Kohort Penyakit Tidak Menular Penduduk Usia 25-65 Tahun di Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa, Kota Bogor Tahun 2011

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is associated with renal function and used to diagnose Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). CKD is considered a serious worldwide public health problem, and the prevalence is increasing dramatically. The aim of the analisis is to explore of the factors associated with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). This analysis used subset baseline data Cohort Study Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) 2011 with a cross-sectional design. CKD was defined as those withan estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We analyzed of 1932 subjects (820 males and 1112 females) aged 25-65 years old. GFR was estimated by using calibrated serum creatinine level with a formula CKD-epi, devided into ¥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Subject with e-GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 2,3%, and increased remarkably with age. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age of 49-65 years (OR=13.57; 95% CI: 4.73-38.97),economic status quintile 1 (OR=4.44; 95% CI: 1.14-17.39), hipertension (OR=3.71;95% CI: 1.82-7.59), male gender (OR=2.97; 95% CI: 1.49-5.92), diabetes mellitus (OR=2.54; 95% CI=1.24-5.20), obesity(OR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.20-5.25), were significant factors that were independently associated with CKD.Keywords : risk factors; glomerular filtration rate; CKDAbstrakLaju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) berhubungan dengan kondisi fungsi ginjal dan digunakan sebagai penentu diagnosis Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK). PGK merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius dan prevalensinya meningkat secara drastis. Tujuan analisis ini untuk mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan PGK. Data diambil dari subset data Studi Kohor Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) di Kota Bogor Tahun 2011, menggunakan disain analisis potong lintang. Subjek yang dianalis berjumlah 1932 orang(1112 perempuan dan 820 laki-laki) berumur 25-65 tahun. LFG diklasifikasikan menurut estimasi LFG (e-LFG) berdasarkan kriteria CKD-epi, dengan kategori ¥60 mL/min/1,73 m2 dan <60 mL/min/1,73 m2. PGK terjadi bila eLFG <60 mL/min/1,73 m2. Subjek dengan e-LFG <60 mL/min/1,73 m2 berjumlah 44 orang (2,3%), persentasenya meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya umur. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa kelompok umur 49-65 tahun (OR=13,57; 95% CI: 4,73-38,97), status ekonomi kuintil ke 1 (OR=4,44; 95% CI: 1,14-17,39), hipertensi (OR=3,71;95% CI: 1,82-7,59), jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR=2,97; 95% CI: 1,49-5,92), diabetes melitus (OR=2,54; 95% CI=1,24-5,20), dan obesitas(OR=2,51; 95% CI: 1,20-5,25) mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan terjadinya PGKKata kunci : faktor risiko, laju filtrasi glomerulus, PG

Gambaran Kohor 2011-2013 Gangguan Mental Emosional Berdasarkan SRQ-20 pada Penduduk Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa Bogor

Mental emotional disorder or psychological distress is one of non communicable diseases (NCD) risk factor. The aim of this analysis was to figure mental emotional condition among adult population in Kebon Kalapa Village of Bogor from 2011 to 2013. There were 1338 analyzed subjects those were same people, 25-65 years old, living in Kebon Kalapa Bogor city. The instrument used was Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) consisted of 20 items need yes or no answer. Subjects would be indicated have mental emotional disorder if they answeredyesfor six questions. The sample was taken using consecutive sampling method. Data was processed using computer with SPSS 21 version statistical program. We describe the characteristics of subjects by general linear model repeated measure analysis to assess every measurement. The results showed frequency and mean score of SRQ of population increased in 2012 and decreased in 2013. It was appropriate to National Basic Health Research 2013 that showed decreasing pattern of mental emotional disorder among Indonesian population in 2013.Keywords : mental emotional disorder, SRQ, non communicable disease cohort.AbstrakGangguan mental emosional atau distres psikologik merupakan salah satu faktor risiko penyakitpenyakit tidak menular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan kondisi mental emosional penduduk Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa Bogor dari tahun 2011 sampai 2013. Jumlah subjek yang dianalisis sebanyak 1338 orang yang berusia 25-65 tahun. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) yang terdiri 20 butir pertanyaan yang memerlukan jawaban ya atau tidak. Subjek diindikasikan mengalami gangguan mental emosional apabila memiliki jawaban ya pada paling sedikit 6 butir pertanyaan. Cara pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Data diolah dengan komputer dan menggunakan program statistik SPSS versi 21. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis General Linear Model Repeated Measure untuk melihat Perubahan setiap pengukuran. Hasil yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa frekwensi serta rerata skor SRQ penduduk meningkat tahun 2012, dan menurun tahun 2013. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013 yang memperlihatkan pola penurunan gangguan mental emosional pada penduduk Indonesia pada tahun 2013.Kata kunci: gangguan mental emosional, SRQ, kohor penyakit tidak menular

Gender, Family Income, and the Risk of Mental Emotional Disorders in Selected Population

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is a chronic disease that is often associated with mentalconditions. The objective of this analysis was to assess the association between socioeconomic factors andother factors to mental emotional disorders (MED) in a selected population in Bogor, West Java.Methods: This analysis used part of baseline data of NCD cohort study carried out by the National Instituteof Health Research and Development in 2011. There were 1914 subjects out of a total of 2361 subjects.Sample was choosen purposively. The age ranged from 25-65 years. MED was assessed using SelfReporting Questionnaire (SRQ) which consisted of 20 questions, and answered the questions themselvesor assisted by an interviewer. MED was indicated if there was at least 6 “yeses”. Statistical analysis wasby Cox regression with constant time using STATA 10.0 version.Results: The proportion of MED was 27.9%. Low rather than high family income subjects had 26% morerisk to be MED [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08 – 1.47)]. In termsof gender, females had 43% more risk to be MED (RRa = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.22 - 1.68).Conclusion: Low rather than high family income subject had more risk to be MED. (Health ScienceJournal of Indonesia 2015;6:23-28)