Evaluation of the antiviral activity of ultraviolet light and zinc oxide nanoparticles on textile products exposed to Avian coronavirus

This research has developed a piece of sanitizing locker-model equipment for textiles exposed to avian coronavirus, which has been put under the influence of UV light, UV + zinc oxide nanoparticles (phytosynthesized ZnONP), and water + UV, and, in turn, under the influence of the exposure time (60, 120, 180 s). The results linked to the phytosynthesis of ZnONP indicate a novel method of fabricating nanostructured material, nanoparticles with spherical morphology and an average size of 30 nm. The assays were made based on the viral viability of avian coronavirus according to the mortality of SPF embryonated eggs and a Real-Time PCR for viral load estimation. This was a model to evaluate the sanitizing effects against coronaviruses since they share a very similar structure and chemistry with SAR-CoV-2. The influence of the type of textile treatment evidenced the potential effect of the sanitizing UV light, which achieved 100% of embryo viability. The response of the ZnONP + UV nebulization showed a notorious influence of photoactivation according to the exposure time, and the 60-s treatment achieved a decrease of 88.9% in viral viability, compared to 77.8% and 55.6% corresponding to the 120 and 180-s treatments, respectively. Regarding the decrease in viral load between the types of treatments, UV 180 s reduced 98.42% and UV 60 s + ZnONP reduced 99.46%, respectively. The results show the combinatorial effect of UV light and zinc nanoparticles in decreasing the viral viability of avian coronavirus, as a model of other important coronaviruses in public health such as SARS-CoV-2

Frecuencia de anticuerpos contra el virus de Influenza A en granjas porcinas tecnificadas con antecedentes de signos clínicos respiratorios en las regiones de Lima, Ica y Arequipa

In Peru there is clinical evidence of the Influenza A virus (VIA) and the presence of antibodies against the VIA in pigs, but there are no official reports of frequency in pig farms in the country. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of antibodies against VIA in technical farms in Lima, Ica and Arequipa with a history of respiratory problems. Blood samples were obtained from eight age groups of pigs during 2020-2021. Antibodies against VIA were detected using a blocking ELISA test (IDEXX, USA). A total of 283 serum samples from Lima, 287 from Ica and 288 from Arequipa were processed. The overall frequency of antibodies against VIA was 24.9% (95% CI 22.0 – 27.8); while in Lima, Ica and Arequipa it was 33.2% (95% CI 27.8 - 39.0), 19.5% (95% CI 15.1 - 24.6) and 22.2% (95% CI 17.6 - 27.5), respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that in the Lima region, the age group 0 (up to 21 days) and 5 (91 to 110 days) had a greater chance of presenting antibodies against VIA, although age was not considered a risk factor (OR<1).En el Perú hay evidencia clínica del virus de Influenza A (VIA) y presencia de anticuerpos contra el VIA en cerdos, pero no existen reportes oficiales de frecuencia en granjas porcinas del país. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia de anticuerpos contra el VIA en granjas tecnificadas de Lima, Ica y Arequipa con antecedentes de problemas respiratorios. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre de ocho grupos etarios de cerdos durante 2020-2021. La detección de anticuerpos contra el VIA se hizo mediante una prueba de ELISA de bloqueo (IDEXX, USA). Se procesaron 283 muestras de suero de Lima, 287 de Ica y 288 de Arequipa. La frecuencia global de anticuerpos contra el VIA fue de 24.9% (I.C. 95% 22.0 – 27.8); mientras que en Lima, Ica y Arequipa fue de 33.2% (I.C. 95% 27.8 – 39.0), 19.5% (I.C. 95% 15.1 – 24.6) y 22.2% (I.C. 95% 17.6 – 27.5), respectivamente. El análisis de regresión logística mostró que en la región Lima, el grupo etario 0 (hasta 21 días) y 5 (91 a 110 días) tuvo mayor oportunidad de presentar anticuerpos contra el VIA, aunque la edad no se consideró como un factor de riesgo (OR<1)