Peritoneal keratin granuloma associated with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus

We present a 69-year-old woman with a chief complaint of postmenopausal bleeding. She was diagnosed as having an endometrioid adenocarcinoma by biopsy, and underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy. At the time of surgery, granulation tissue-like nodules were found on the peritoneal serosa of the uterus. In the intraoperative cytology of peritoneal washing, atypical cells were noted. The intraoperative frozen section of the peritoneal nodule revealed granulation tissue with proliferating mesothelial cells. Microscopic examination of the permanent section showed keratin granulomas without viable adenocarcinoma cells on the serosal surface of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and broad ligaments. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered. She has been alive with no evidence of recurrence for 6 months postoperatively. It should be noted that the prognosis of cases in peritoneal keratin granuloma without viable cancer cells is favorable, and that the histological examination is essential for its diagnosis

Creation of haemoglobin A1c direct oxidase from fructosyl peptide oxidase by combined structure-based site specific mutagenesis and random mutagenesis

糖尿病マーカー、ヘモグロビンA1cを直接酸化できる酵素の創製 --シンプルかつ短時間測定が可能な新規測定試薬開発に大きく前進--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2019-01-31.The currently available haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) enzymatic assay consists of two specific steps: proteolysis of HbA1c and oxidation of the liberated fructosyl peptide by fructosyl peptide oxidase (FPOX). To develop a more convenient and high throughput assay, we devised novel protease-free assay system employing modified FPOX with HbA1c oxidation activity, namely HbA1c direct oxidase (HbA1cOX). AnFPOX-15, a modified FPOX from Aspergillus nidulans, was selected for conversion to HbA1cOX. As deduced from the crystal structure of AnFPOX-15, R61 was expected to obstruct the entrance of bulky substrates. An R61G mutant was thus constructed to open the gate at the active site. The prepared mutant exhibited significant reactivity for fructosyl hexapeptide (F-6P, N-terminal amino acids of HbA1c), and its crystal structure revealed a wider gate observed for AnFPOX-15. To improve the reactivity for F-6P, several mutagenesis approaches were performed. The ultimately generated AnFPOX-47 exhibited the highest F-6P reactivity and possessed HbA1c oxidation activity. HbA1c levels in blood samples as measured using the direct assay system using AnFPOX-47 were highly correlated with the levels measured using the conventional HPLC method. In this study, FPOX was successfully converted to HbA1cOX, which could represent a novel in vitro diagnostic modality for diabetes mellitus

Peritoneal keratin granuloma associated with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus

Abstract We present a 69-year-old woman with a chief complaint of postmenopausal bleeding. She was diagnosed as having an endometrioid adenocarcinoma by biopsy, and underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy. At the time of surgery, granulation tissue-like nodules were found on the peritoneal serosa of the uterus. In the intraoperative cytology of peritoneal washing, atypical cells were noted. The intraoperative frozen section of the peritoneal nodule revealed granulation tissue with proliferating mesothelial cells. Microscopic examination of the permanent section showed keratin granulomas without viable adenocarcinoma cells on the serosal surface of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and broad ligaments. Postoperative chemotherapy was administered. She has been alive with no evidence of recurrence for 6 months postoperatively. It should be noted that the prognosis of cases in peritoneal keratin granuloma without viable cancer cells is favorable, and that the histological examination is essential for its diagnosis.</p

Adenosine A2A receptor enhances GABAA-mediated IPSCs in the rat globus pallidus

The actions of adenosine A2A receptor agonists were examined on GABAergic synaptic transmission in the globus pallidus (GP) in rat brain slices using whole-cell patch-clamp recording. GP neurones were characterized into two major groups, type I and type II, according to the degree of time-dependent hyperpolarization-activated inward rectification and the size of input resistance.The A2A receptor agonist 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-5′-N-ethylcarboxamido- adenosine (CGS21680; 0.3-3 μm) enhanced IPSCs evoked by stimulation within the GP. The actions of CGS21680 were blocked by the A2A antagonists (E)-8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine (KF17837) and 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol (ZM241385).The CGS21680-induced increase in IPSCs was associated with a reduction in paired-pulse facilitation. CGS21680 (0.3 μm) increased the frequency of miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) without affecting mIPSC amplitude. These observations demonstrated that the enhancement of IPSCs in the GP was attributable to presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, A2A receptors.The results suggest that A2A receptors in the GP serve to inhibit GP neuronal activity, thereby disinhibiting subthalamic nucleus neurone activity. Thus, the A2A receptor-mediated presynaptic regulation in the GP, together with the A2A receptor-mediated intrastriatal presynaptic control of GABAergic neurotransmission described previously, may play a crucial role in controlling the neuronal functions of basal ganglia. This A2A receptor-mediated presynaptic dual control in the striatopallidal pathway could also afford the mode of action of A2A antagonists for ameliorating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in an animal model