Determining an approach to small testicular masses by examining scrotal doppler ultrasonography and serum tumor markers

In our study, we retrospectively analyzed the pathology results of radical orchiectomy operations performed in our clinic and to correlate preoperative color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUSG) findings with small-testicular masses (SmTM) with negative serum tumor markers (STM).Materials and Methods: Male patients (n=98) who underwent radical orchiectomy between January 2010 and January 2021 to treat intratesticular solid lesions that were detected via CDUSG were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were evaluated in terms of age, atrophic testis, echogenicity, size of tumoral lesions, testicular palpability, preoperative STM and postoperative pathology results.Results: Expression of at least one STM was elevated in 58 (59.2%) patients preoperatively. STM elevation continued to occur in 25 (25.5%) patients postoperatively; furthermore, 81 (82.7%) patients presented with malignant pathology. The mean age of patients was 39.47 +/- 15.20 years, whereas the mean age of patients with benign pathology was higher than patients with malignant pathology (p=0.008). The mean size of malignant lesions was significantly greater than that of benign lesions (5.4 vs 3.5 cm; p=0.033). Statistically elevated STM, lower age, heterogeneity in CDUSG, and large lesion size were found as parameters predicting malignancy. Although lesions in 9 (45%) of 20 STM-negative patients with a lesion smaller than 3 cm were benign, benign pathology was detected in 6 (75%) of 8 STM-negative patients with a lesion smaller than 1.5 cm.Conclusion: CDUSG plays an important role in detecting small non-palpable masses. Especially in STM-negative patients with a SmTM, CDUSG can reasonably guide the decision-making phase although it cannot provide definitive diagnosis. Radical orchiectomy, which is the traditional approach for all solid testicular lesions, leads to unnecessary treatment in patients with benign lesions, so testicular-sparing surgery should be preferred in STM-negative non-palpable SmTMs because the risk of cancer is low

Lisans ogrencilerinin muhasebeye giris dersine yonelik algilamalarinin belirlenmesi

The purpose of this study is determining differences at the beginning and end of semester perceptions of students who take first time accounting courses. The reason for doing the research is providing recommendations for enhancing success at accounting courses. The research was done first grade students of business administration and economics departments of Akdeniz University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. For getting the aim a survey is used two times at the beginning and end of period. With the consequences of 164 surveys evaluations, excluding some of the dimensions of accounting courses, the perceptions about accounting courses at the beginning are more negative than the perceptions at the end of period.peer-reviewe

Is general anesthesia a risk for myocardium? Effect of anesthesia on myocardial function as assessed by cardiac troponin-i in two different groups (isofluran+N2O inhalation and propofol+fentanyl iv anesthesia)

Demet Dogan Erol1, Ibrahim Ozen21Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey; 2Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, TurkeyBackground and objectives: Peroperative myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality. What is the role of general anesthesia in this process? Is general anesthesia a risk for myocardial infarction? The present study was designed to determine whether the measurement of serum levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a highly sensitive and specific marker for cardiac injury, would help establish the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in two different types of anesthesia.Method: Elective abdominal hysterectomy was planned with the permission of the ethic committee in 40 patients who were 20–45 years range, in ASA-I group, and have a Goldman Cardiac Risk Index-0. The patients were divided into two groups. Isoflurane + N2O was administrated to first group, and Propofol + Fentanyl to second group. cTnI levels were determined before anesthesia, after induction before surgery and 9 hours after the second period respectively.Results: There was no significant difference between the groups by the means of demographic properties, hemodynamic parameters and cTnI levels, and the cTnI levels were determined under the basal levels in all samples.Conclusion: General anesthesia is not a risk for myocardial infarction to state eliminating risk factors and protection hemodynamia cardiac.Keywords: cardiac troponin-I, myocardial infarction, isofluran + N2O inhalation anesthesia, propofol + fentanyl intravenous anesthesia

SOME NOTES ON KENMOTSU MANIFOLD

In the present paper, we deal with a Kenmotsu manifold $M$. Firstly, we study the notion of torse-forming vector field on such a manifold. Then, we investigate some curvature conditions such as $Q.\mathcal{M}=0$ and $C.Q=0$ on such a manifold and obtain some necessary conditions for such a manifold given as to be Einstein and $\eta-$Einstein. Also, we study a Kenmotsu manifold $M$ admitting a Ricci soliton and give an example for this manifold

Novel functional copolymers based on glycidyl methacrylate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Polymerization kinetics

A new methacrylate monomer 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl-2-methacrylate (NFM) was synthesized and its radical copolymerization with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was studied in 1,4-dioxane solution at 65 C using 2,2 0 -azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The synthesized monomer and copolymers were characterized by FTIR, 1 H and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. The analysis of reactivity ratios revealed that NFM is less reactive than GMA, and copolymers formed are statistically in nature. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polymers reveals that the thermal stability of the copolymers increases with an increasing in the mole fraction of NFM in the copolymers. Glass transition temperatures of the copolymers decreased with an increasing of NFM molar fraction in copolymers. In addition, according to the results obtained from the contact angle and zeta potential measurements the hydrophobic character of the polymer decreases (it means surface free energy increases) and its zeta potential becomes more negative with increase of NFM ratio in the copolymer. Polymers with carbonyl functional groups have been particularly interesting because of their use as photoresists.AKÜ-BAPK / 14-FENED-0

Medial Open Reduction via Anteromedial Approach in Developmental Hip Dysplasia: Long-term Clinical and Radiological Outcomes

Aim:The anteromedial approach in medial open reduction techniques is rarely used to treat developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The objective of this study was to present the clinical and radiological outcomes of DDH patients treated with the anteromedial approach.Methods:Fifty-nine hips of 52 patients aged between 6 and 18 months who underwent medial open reduction between 2009 and 2017 through an anteromedial approach and who had at least 5 years of follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. Results were reviewed in terms of avascular necrosis (AVN) rates and the need for further surgery.Results:At the last follow-up, the rate of clinically significant AVN was 11.9%. Additional corrective surgery was performed on 20.3% of the patients. According to the modified McKay classification, 91.5% of the patients had excellent results. Radiologically, 93.2% of the patients were classified as Severin type 1. The mean age at operation time and initial Tönnis type of patients were significantly higher in patients who required advanced corrective surgery than in those who did not (p=0.042 and p=0.018, respectively).Conclusion:The anteromedial approach is safe and practical for improving radiological outcomes and reducing the need for further surgery. Long-term studies focusing on the period after bone formation are required

SOFİSTİKE ÜRÜN İHRACATI VE EKONOMİK BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE VE GÜNEY KORE ÖRNEĞİ

Ülkelerin en büyük makroekonomik hedeflerinden biri ekonomik kalkınmadır. Ekonomik kalkınma, düşük gelir ve kötü bir yaşam kalitesine sahip olan az gelişmiş ülkelerin bulundukları bu durumdan, insanlarının çoğunun yüksek bir gelir ve yaşam standartlarına sahip olduğu bir noktaya gelmesi süreci olarak tanımlanabilir. Ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınmalarını sağlamaları için en önemli faktör ekonomik büyümedir. İhracat ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran çalışmalara literatürde oldukça sık rastlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmaların çoğu, ihracatın ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu sonucunu işaret etmektedir. Ancak bazı ülkelerin ihracatlarında büyük artışlar sağlanmasına rağmen iktisadi olarak sürdürülebilir bir büyüme yakalayamadıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum ülkelerin ne kadar ihracat yaptıklarından ziyade ne ihraç ettiklerinin daha önemli olduğu kanısının oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Hausmann vd. tarafından oluşturulan bir endeks kullanılarak Türkiye ve Güney Kore'nin 1960 sonrası dönemde yaptıkları ihracatın sofistike değerleri hesaplanmış ve iki ülkenin ihracatlarının kalitesinde meydana gelen değişimler karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Özetlenen tanımlayıcı istatistikler sonucunda, bu ülkelerin ihracat kalitelerindeki değişim ile ekonomik büyümeleri arasında bir etkileşim olduğu belirlenmiştir. 1960'lı yıllarda Türkiye'nin ihracatının sofistike değeri ile Güney Kore'nin ihracatının sofistike değerleri hemen hemen aynı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonrasında Güney Kore'nin ihracat yapısının değişmesi ve ihracatının sofistike değerinin yükselmesi gelişmiş ülkelere yakınsamasına olanak sağlamıştır. Türkiye ise ihracatının yapısının aynı kalması ve ihracatının sofistike değerinin yükselmemesi gelişmiş ülkelere yakınsamasına engel olmuştur. Çalışma Türkiye'nin 10 bin dolar seviyesinde sıkışan kişi başına düşen milli gelirini yükseltip Güney Kore gibi gelişmiş ülkelere yakınsaması için ihracatının sofistike değerini yükseltmesi gerektiği sonucunu işaret etmektedir Anahtar Kelimeler

Determination of equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Acid Red 88 adsorption onto montmorillonitic clay

The aim of this study is to evaluate adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic parameters of anionic textile dye (Acid Red 88) onto montmorillonitic clay from aqueous solutions. The parameters of pH, initial dye concentrations, temperature, and the adsorbent dosage were investigated experimentally. Four kinetic models including pseudo-second order, pseudo-n order, Bangham’s equation and double exponential equation (DEE) were selected to follow the adsorption process. The dynamic data were fitted the DEE well and also followed the pseudo-n th order model. The adsorption data obtained were well described by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 588 mg/g at 20 o C. Thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy (E a ), Gibbs free energy (ΔG 0 ), enthalpy (ΔH 0 ) and entropy (ΔS 0 ) were also evaluated. The negative value of change in Gibbs free energy indicates that adsorption of AR88 on montmorillonitic clay is spontaneous. The anionic dye molecules can be adsorbed on montmorillonitic clay particles, even when their surface charge (or zeta potential) is negative. Interactions leading to adsorption of anionic dyes (AR88) onto the clay may cause from the following mechanisms: hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, hydrophobic interaction, anion exchange and dye-dye interactions. The results show that montmorillonitic clay could be employed as low-cost material for the removal of acid dyes from textile effluents. thTÜBİTAK / 109Y16

Evaluation of Spatial Strategies Developed for the Sustainability of Health Services During the Pandemic Process

Salgın sürecinde, sağlık kuruluşlarında, salgın hastalıktan kaynaklanan yoğunluklar yaşanmakta ve hastalığa bağlı oluşan ağır semptomlar ile ilgili sağlık hizmeti taleblerinde artış olmaktadır. Salgın ile bağlantılı olarak oluşan bu ek sağlık hizmet taleplerinin yanısıra çeşitli hastalıkların tedavi ve kontrolü de halk sağlığının önemli bir parçasıdır. Bu nedenle, salgın sürecinde mevcut sağlık hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilirliği, toplumsal açıdan oldukça önemlidir. Sağlık hizmet kapasiteleri, özellikle hastalığın hızla yayıldığı ve pik yaptığı dönemlerde zaman zaman yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Bu noktada yeni sağlık yapılarına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Alanda yapılan çalışmalar ve uygulamalar bu konuda farklı önerilerde bulunmaktadır. Bu öneriler, yeni sağlık tesislerinin inşası, mevcut sağlık tesislerinin yeniden yapılandırılması, acil geçici yapılar, mobil sağlık klinikleri ve mevcut yapı stokunun yeniden işlevlendirilmesi şeklindedir. Bu mekansal önerilerin biri, birkaçı veya hepsi ülkeler tarafından benimsenmekte ve zamanı geldiğinde bu öneriler uygulamaya geçirilebilmektedir. Her önerinin çeşitli avantaj ve dezavantajları vardır. Bu nedenle ihtiyaca yönelik en uygun çözümün bulunabilmesi için bu önerilerin analiz edilmesi ve mevcut şartlar özelinde değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, salgın süreçlerinde sağlık hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilmesine ve sağlık hizmet kapasitelerinin arttırılabilmesine yönelik geliştirilen ve uygulanan mekânsal stratejiler SWOT analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bu yöntem sayesinde, geliştirilen her bir stratejinin güçlü ve zayıf yönleri, fırsatları ve tehditleri salgın süreçleri göz önünde bulundurularak değerlendirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda her beş çözüm önerisinin de maliyet, zaman, kalite ve salgın sonrasında kullanım bakımından avantaj ve dezavantajları bulunduğu görülmüştür. Kurulum maliyetleri, yapım süreleri, ihtiyaca yönelik tasarımların geliştirilebilmesi açısından esneklikleri, erişilebilir olmaları ve salgın sonrasında kullanım durumları ile ilgili değerlendirmeler her beş senaryo için de değerlendirilmiştir.In the epidemic process, there are densities caused by the epidemic in health institutions and there is an increase in health care demands related to severe symptoms related to the disease. In addition to these additional health service demands in connection with the epidemic, the treatment and control of various diseases is also an significant part of public health. For this reason, the sustainability of existing health services during the epidemic is very important from a social point of view. Health service capacities may be insufficient from time to time, especially during periods when the disease spreads rapidly and peaks. At this point, new health structures are needed. Studies and applications in the field offer different suggestions on this subject. These suggestions are the construction of new health facilities, restructuring of existing health facilities, emergency temporary structures, mobile health clinics and re-functioning of the existing building stock. One, more or all of these spatial suggestions are adopted by the countries and these suggestions can be put into practice when the time comes. Each proposal has several advantages and disadvantages. For this reason, these suggestions should be analyzed and evaluated in terms of current conditions in order to find the most appropriate solution for the need. In this study, spatial strategies developed and applied to maintain health services and increase health service capacities during epidemic processes were examined by SWOT analysis method. Through this method, the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of each developed strategy were evaluated by considering the epidemic processes. As a result of the analyzes, it has been seen that all five solution proposals have advantages and disadvantages in terms of cost, time, quality and use after the epidemic. Evaluations regarding installation costs, construction times, flexibility in terms of developing customized designs, accessibility and post-pandemic use cases were evaluated for all five scenarios