Endotracheal tube-induced sore throat pain and inflammation is coupled to the release of mitochondrial DNA

In the absence of infection, the pathophysiology of endotracheal tube-induced sore throat pain is unclear. Activated neutrophils release elastase, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory cytokines known to contribute to neuropathic pain. Sterile tissue injury can cause the release of damage-associated molecular patterns such as mitochondrial DNA that promote neutrophil activation. We hypothesized that endotracheal tube-induced sore throat pain is linked to mitochondrial DNA-mediated neutrophil inflammation. A nonrandomized prospective survey for sore throat pain was conducted in 31 patients who required short-term intubation and had no evidence of upper airway infection. Patterns of neutrophil abundance, activation, and mitochondrial DNA levels were analyzed in tracheal lavage fluid following intubation and prior to extubation. Thirteen of 31 patients reported sore throat pain. Sore throat patients had high neutrophilia with elevated adhesion molecule and TLR9 expression and constitutive reactive oxygen species generation. Tracheal lavage fluid from sore throat patients accumulated mitochondrial DNA and stimulated neutrophils to release mediators associated with pain in a TLR9- and DNAse-dependent fashion. Endotracheal tube-induced sore throat is linked to the release of mitochondrial DNA and can drive TLR9-mediated inflammatory responses by neutrophils reported to cause pain. Mitigating the effects of cell-free mitochondrial DNA may prove beneficial for the prevention of endotracheal tube-mediated sore throat pain

Induction, immobilization, modification and natural inhibitors of α-glucosidase from Penicillum chrysogenum

α-glucosidase (EC: 3.2.1.20) was isolated from Penicillum chrysogenum. The enzyme was enhanced by plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin. Dansyl chloride inhibited the enzyme at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM with T0.5 67, 52.2, 34.4 and 23.3 min, respectively. The substrate offered partial protection for the enzyme against dansyl chloride inhibition. The enzyme was activated by Ca2+ and Mg2+. However, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Hg2+ inhibited α-glucosidase activity. The enzyme was immobilized on Ca alginate and the optimal concentration for 3% w/v. The optimal concentration of CaCl2 was recorded at 3 mM. The optimal CaCl2 concentration and the optimum time for immobilization was 3mM and 4hr. The enzyme was inhibited by aqueous extracts of Datura stramonium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Hyoscymus muticus and Cynodon dactylon. The IC50 values for the four extracts were 59.1, 73.6, 68.5 and 77.1 µg ml-1, respectively

Human typological aspects and maxillary-facial area asymmetry connections to mandibular fractures in HSEEU «UMCA» ukrainian students

Asymmetry is maxillary-facial region feature which is expressed both under physiological and pathological conditions. Some literary data of Turkish dentists show higher level (approximately in 2 times and the difference is statistically significant) of traumatized permanent incisors among left-handers (13-17-yeared adolescents) than among right-handers. Left-handers had significantly higher risk on dental trauma. Unilateral clefts affinity has been confirmed for the left side, the proportion of left-sided clefts among left-handers are higher than that among right-handers. Another scientific work demonstrates handedness influence on ethmoid roof height

Nationality and handedness influence on the Iranian and Egyptian students occlusion type

Interest to handedness study in Iran can be demonstrated by the work the results of which shows that most left-handed undergraduate students started counting fingers with their left hands the right-handed ones - with their right hands . Tehranian neurologists research showed valuable difference absence in right hemi spheric language dominance in left-handed 22-29-yeared men and women by trans cranialDoppler ultrasonograph

Ethno-age and ethno-gender age typological aspects usage in dentistry: possibilities and prospects

Ethno-gender-age aspect can be described as an abstracts about fusion (one of the most unusual and rare teeth shape anomalies) in 4-year-old Iranian girl , the effects of camera lenses and dental specialities on the perception of smile esthetics in 40 female smile photographs among Iranian students , localized idiopathic root resorption in a 7-old-year boy dental traumas in children and adolescents 0-18 years old with bigger prevalence in boys

The Egyptian, Iranian, Iraqi and Ukrainian students occlusion dependence on dominant extremity and gender

According to our results received the real dexters had only orthognathic and prognathic occlusions. Orthogenic occlusion was dominant in the real sinisters. The hidden sinisters did not have any physiological occlusion types but had biprognathic and deep occlusion in the equal correlation. The unreal sinisters had orthognathic, prognathic and biprognathic occlusions. The ambidexters did not have occlusion physiological types but had a practically equal distribution in opisthognathic and crossing occlusion. Orthognathic occlusion was dominant in the Egyptian, Iranian and Iraqi students while deep occlusion - in the Ukrainian ones. Deep and orthog nathic occlusion were dominant in the guys and the progenic one was absent in them. Biprognathic occlusion was insignificantly dominant in the girls while the orthog nathic and the deep ones were absent in them

Author’s Response

This letter is a response to Letter to the Editor (Corkery J, Schifano F, Guirguis A. Commentary on: Attafi IM, Albeishy MY, Oraiby ME, Khardali IA, Shaikhain GA, Fageeh MM. Postmortem Distribution of Cathinone and Cathine in Human Biological Specimens in a Case of Death Associated with Khat Chewing. Arab J Forensic Sci Forensic Med. 2018 Jun 7;1(7). Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine. 2019 Dec 31;1(10):1473-1475)

Postmortem Distribution of Cathinone and Cathine in Human Biological Specimens in a Case of Death Associated with Khat Chewing

Chewing khat leaves has been associated with several adverse health effects, and there are very few case reports of cardiotoxicity, stroke and death resulting from this. In addition, postmortem distribution of cathine and cathinone, active components of khat, are not yet fully clear. This postmortem case report aimed to identify and determine the concentration of cathine and cathinone in different body organs and green chewed plants found in the mouth of the deceased. Immunoassay and non-targeted GC-MS analysis showed that samples were only positive for amphetamine type stimulants. LC-MS/MS quantitative analysis confirmed that samples were positive for cathinone and cathine. The results showed that cathinone concentration was 0.03, 0.03, 0.06, 0.07, 1.85 and 31 μg/ml in brain, liver, blood, vitreous humor, stomach and chewed green plant, respectively. Whereas, the concentration of cathine was 0.31, 3.28, and 141 μg/ml in kidney, stomach and chewed green plant, respectively. Cathine and cathinone concentrations were found to be changed with respect to site of sampling. The results suggest that stomach and chewed green plants are considered as good samples to show the concentration for both cathine and cathinone at the time of death of the khat chewer

Actual problems dealing with typological aspects assessment in dentistr

Dental problems are rather distributed and studied by scientists in different countries in children thus describing ethno-age typological aspects in dentistry. Dental traumas are in the dentists attention focus in Iran, Brazil Iranian women exhibit more dental anxiety and fear comparatively to men and this work can be ethno-gender typological aspect reflection. Separately ethno-gender age is paid attention: dentists established dental higher distribution in Iranian boy