Utjecaj lucerne i koncentriranih krmiva na razinu kolesterola i sastav masnih kiselina u serumu i iznutricama janjadi

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh, ensiled and dried alfalfa on the fatty acid composition and cholesterol level of the serum, liver, kidney and spleen samples in yearling sheep. Forty Akkaraman lambs, 4 months of age, with an average body weight of 21 kg were used in the study. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The lambs were divided into four groups according to feed: wheat straw as roughage (Control group, C); fresh alfalfa as roughage (AF group); ensiled alfalfa (AS group); and dried alfalfa (AD group). The alfalfa group had lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) and higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents than the wheat straw group. In parallel, SFA concentrations in the serum and offal (liver, kidney and spleen) were signifi cantly higher in the controls, whereas the highest PUFA amounts were recorded in lambs fed with fresh alfalfa. Serum and offal proportions of ω3 and ω6 fatty acids significantly increased except in serum ω3 content of lambs fed with alfalfa. However, the cholesterol level decreased in all groups given alfalfa. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that alfalfa consumption causes a significant decrease in cholesterol levels and a significant increase in PUFA levels in lambs. Additionally, it may be said that the risk of coronary heart diseases may decrease in humans who consume the offal of lambs fed with alfalfa.U radu su istraženi učinci svježe, silirane i sušene lucerne na sastav masnih kiselina i razinu kolesterola u serumu te u uzorcima jetre, bubrega i slezene jednogodišnjih ovaca. U istraživanju je korišteno 40 janjadi akaraman pasmine, u dobi od 4 mjeseca, prosječne tjelesne mase od 21 kg. Obroci su bili ujednačeni s obzirom na sadržaj dušika i energije. S obzirom na upotrijebljenu krmu janjad je bila podijeljena u četiri skupine: kontrolna skupina je dobivala pšeničnu slamu, skupina AF je dobivala svježu lucernu, skupina AS siliranu lucernu te skupina AD sušenu lucernu. Lucerna je sadržavala manje zasićenih masnih kiselina (SFA) i više polinezasićenih masnih kiselina (PUFA) u odnosu na pšeničnu slamu. Usporedno, koncentracije SFA u serumu i iznutricama (jetrima, bubregu i slezeni) bile su značajno više u kontrolnoj skupini, dok su najviše koncentracije PUFA zabilježene u janjadi hranjene svježom lucernom. Omjer ω3 i ω6 masnih kiselina bio je značajno povišen, osim koncentracije ω3 u serumu janjadi hranjene lucernom. Međutim, razina kolesterola bila je snižena u svim skupinama hranjenim lucernom. Zaključno, rezultati ovoga istraživanja upućuju da hranidba lucernom dovodi do značajnoga sniženja razine kolesterola i značajnoga povišenja razine PUFA u janjadi. Dodatno bi se moglo reći da je u osoba koje konzumiraju iznutrice janjadi hranjene lucernom smanjen rizik od bolesti srca i krvnih žila