475 research outputs found

    Impediments to estuarine management and rehabilitation : case study of the Humber Estuary

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    Estuaries are sites of high variability and high productivity but support major urban areas - 22 of the largest 32 cities found in the world can be found on estuaries. These features have degraded estuaries and so there is the need for a holistic management framework. However, there are many impediments that can occur to achieving successful and sustainable estuarine management and rehabilitation. These can occur due to the variety of users and needs that arise with in the estuarine environment. This current research interrogates the management and rehabilitation of the estuarine environment, as an economic and ecological resource. It focuses on the connectivity of the system with regards to the catchment area, land use and drainage, as well as, the impacts of activities such as dredging, and fishing on a commercial and recreational level. The research aims to highlight the various users, and how their activities affect the ecosystem and one another. The final aim is produce effective methods and potential proposals, to ensure prolonged activity and sustainable ecosystem function for future generations

    Data to support small area health impact modelling of air pollution in the United Kingdom.

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    The data presented in this article were used to estimate the impacts of air pollution policies on population health and health inequalities within a spatial microsimulation model, MicroEnv [1]. They provide a basis for comparison with similar models and allow researchers to integrate additional model components without duplication of effort. Relative risk estimates for the association between air pollution and rates of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) incidence, IHD case fatality and all-cause mortality were taken from a review of the epidemiological literature and meta-analyses [2]. Modelled small area air pollution data (PM2.5) for Greater London, UK were obtained from an environmental consultancy. All other data were collected from open source Governmental or Non-Government Organisation (NGO) data repositories. These include all-cause mortality rates; IHD incidence, prevalence and mortality rates; general fertility rates; small area socio-economic deprivation data; and relative risk estimates for the association between deprivation and all-cause mortality

    Milsom's Legal History

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    Toby Milsom was the most original English legal historian of the twentieth century. This paper gives a preliminary assessment of the importance of his work. charting the ways in which it has changed our thinking about the subject

    The improvement and management of "slick-spot" soil

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    Call number: LD2668 .T4 1969 I2Master of Scienc

    High Efficiency Integrated Package

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    Solid-state lighting based on LEDs has emerged as a superior alternative to inefficient conventional lighting, particularly incandescent. LED lighting can lead to 80 percent energy savings; can last 50,000 hours – 2-50 times longer than most bulbs; and contains no toxic lead or mercury. However, to enable mass adoption, particularly at the consumer level, the cost of LED luminaires must be reduced by an order of magnitude while achieving superior efficiency, light quality and lifetime. To become viable, energy-efficient replacement solutions must deliver system efficacies of ≥ 100 lumens per watt (LPW) with excellent color rendering (CRI > 85) at a cost that enables payback cycles of two years or less for commercial applications. This development will enable significant site energy savings as it targets commercial and retail lighting applications that are most sensitive to the lifetime operating costs with their extended operating hours per day. If costs are reduced substantially, dramatic energy savings can be realized by replacing incandescent lighting in the residential market as well. In light of these challenges, Cree proposed to develop a multi-chip integrated LED package with an output of > 1000 lumens of warm white light operating at an efficacy of at least 128 LPW with a CRI > 85. This product will serve as the light engine for replacement lamps and luminaires. At the end of the proposed program, this integrated package was to be used in a proof-of-concept lamp prototype to demonstrate the component’s viability in a common form factor. During this project Cree SBTC developed an efficient, compact warm-white LED package with an integrated remote color down-converter. Via a combination of intensive optical, electrical, and thermal optimization, a package design was obtained that met nearly all project goals. This package emitted 1295 lm under instant-on, room-temperature testing conditions, with an efficacy of 128.4 lm/W at a color temperature of ~2873K and 83 CRI. As such, the package’s performance exceeds DOE’s warm-white phosphor LED efficacy target for 2013. At the end of the program, we assembled an A19 sized demonstration bulb housing the integrated package which met Energy Star intensity variation requirements. With further development to reduce overall component cost, we anticipate that an integrated remote converter package such as developed during this program will find application in compact, high-efficacy LED-based lamps, particularly those requiring omnidirectional emission

    Quality of turkey meat cooked from the frozen or defrosted state as affected by braising or pressure cooking

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    Call number: LD2668 .T4 1968 I22Master of Scienc
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