Impregnacion de madera aserrada de Populus x Euroamericana cv. I-488 con CCB, utilizando el metodo Bethell

65 p.El objetivo de este trabajo fue aportar información sobre la impregnación de madera aserrada del Populus euroamericana cv. I - 488. El proceso de impregnación empleado fue el método Bethell o célula llena, la sal preservante utilizada fue Timberlux CCB al 2%. Se evaluaron dos presiones 6 Kg/cm2 y 12 Kg/cm2 . La calidad de la impregnación se evaluó determinando la retención , penetración y la absorción de la solución preservante. Mediante el análisis de varianza se encontró que la presión no tuvo efectos significativos en la absorción y la retención para ambos tratamientos. La penetración fue total regular (TR), retención estuvo por sobre el valor mínimo necesario para el CCB de 6 Kg oxidos/m3 para ambas presiones utilizadas. La absorción fue superior en la presión de 6 Kg/cm2 que para la presión de 12 Kg/cm2

Primary healthcare providers’ views on improving sexual and reproductive healthcare for adolescents in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Nicaragua

Objectives: To elicit the views of primary healthcare providers from Bolivia, Ecuador, and Nicaragua on how adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) care in their communities can be improved. Methods: Overall, 126 healthcare providers (46 from Bolivia, 39 from Ecuador, and 41 from Nicaragua) took part in this qualitative study. During a series of moderated discussions, they provided written opinions about the accessibility and appropriateness of ASRH services and suggestions for its improvement. The data were analyzed by employing a content analysis methodology. Results: Study participants emphasized managerial issues such as the prioritization of adolescents as a patient group and increased healthcare providers’ awareness about adolescent-friendly approaches. They noted that such an approach needs to be extended beyond primary healthcare centers. Schools, parents, and the community in general should be encouraged to integrate issues related to ASRH in the everyday life of adolescents and become ‘gate-openers’ to ASRH services. To ensure the success of such measures, action at the policy level would be required. For example, decision-makers could call for developing clinical guidelines for this population group and coordinate multisectoral efforts. Conclusions: To improve ASRH services within primary healthcare institutions in three Latin American countries, primary healthcare providers call for focusing on improving the youth-friendliness of health settings. To facilitate this, they suggested engaging with key stakeholders, such as parents, schools, and decision-makers at the policy level

Sexual onset and contraceptive use among adolescents from poor neighbourhoods in Managua, Nicaragua

Background and objectives: The prevalence of teenage pregnancies in Nicaragua is the highest in Latin-America. This study aimed to gain insight into factors which determine the sexual behaviours concerned. Methods: From July until August 2011, a door-to-door survey was conducted among adolescents living in randomly selected poor neighbourhoods of Managua. Logistic regression was used to analyse factors related to sexual onset and contraceptive use. Results: Data from 2803 adolescents were analysed. Of the 475 and 299 sexually active boys and girls, 43% and 54%, respectively, reported contraceptive use. Sexual onset was positively related to increasing age, male sex, alcohol consumption and not living with the parents. Catholic boys and boys never feeling peer pressure to have sexual intercourse were more likely to report consistent condom use. Having a partner and feeling comfortable talking about sexuality with the partner were associated with hormonal contraception. Conclusions: Our data identifi ed associates of adolescents ’sexual behaviour related to personal characteristics (sex and alcohol use), to the interaction with signifi cant others (parents, partners, peers) and to the environment (housing condition, religion). We interpreted those associates within the context of the rapidly changing society and the recently implemented health system reform in Nicaragua

La representación semántica de los eventos y las entidades en FunGramKB

El presente artículo presenta dos metodologías plausibles respecto a dos áreas específicas del componente ontológico de la suite de FunGramKB: eventos y entidades. En el caso de los eventos, se presenta brevemente las propiedades que los caracterizan como unidades conceptuales dentro de FunGramKB. Posteriormente, se describe la metodología aplicada, a partir de ejemplos que involucran unidades conceptuales derivadas del dominio cognitivo de los eventos, #COMMUNICATION. El objetivo es indicar, de manera práctica, cuáles son las decisiones y consideraciones con las que el ingeniero del conocimiento puede encontrarse al trabajar con las unidades conceptuales de los eventos en la suite de FunGramKB. En el caso de las entidades, se pretende establecer criterios de análisis para resolver los problemas derivados de su representación conceptual. Para lograr este objetivo, primero se sistematiza la definición de entidad según el modelo, luego se establecen los criterios para el trabajo con diccionario y, finalmente, el modo de proceder para la formalización en COREL

Riesgo biológico en trabajadores agropecuarios informales

Biological risk can be defined as those organisms and microorganisms that may be a threat to human health (García, 2010). Due to the above, informal workers in the agricultural sector are exposed to different agents of biological risk due to the multiple activities they carry out outdoors, such as preparing the land (ploughing by hand), applying fertilizer, sowing seeds, maintaining and collect the harvest, as well as, in semi-closed places when they must have contact with the animals that are in stables or cages. This research pretends to interpret exposure to biological risk in workers in the agricultural sector belonging to the municipality of Consacá in the Department of Nariño, through the application of two instruments: a semi-structured interview and a felt morbidity survey, which yield results that show that workers of the sector, they are exposed to biological risk and can develop occupational diseases such as rabies, tetanus, anthrax, brucellosis, among others described in Decree 1477/2020 (Ministry of Labor 2020) that, when manifested, could cause physical, mental and emotional diseases.El riesgo biológico puede definirse como aquellos organismos y microrganismos que pueden ser una amenaza para la salud humana (García, 2010). Por lo anterior, los trabajadores informales del sector agropecuario se encuentran expuestos a diferentes agentes de riesgo biológico por las múltiples actividades que realizan al aire libre como los son, preparar la tierra (arar a mano), aplicar el abono, sembrar las semillas, mantener y recolectar la cosecha, así como también, en lugares semi cerrados cuando deben tener contacto con los animales que se encuentran en establos o jaulas. Esta investigación busca Interpretar la exposición al riesgo biológico en trabajadores del sector agropecuario pertenecientes al municipio de Consacá del Departamento de Nariño, mediante la aplicación de dos instrumentos que son la entrevista semiestructurada y encuesta de morbilidad sentida, las cuales arrojan resultados que muestran que los trabajadores del sector, sí se encuentran expuestos a riesgo biológico y que pueden desarrollar enfermedades laborales como rabia, tétanos, carbunco, brucelosis, entre otras descritas en el Decreto 1477/2020 (Ministerio del trabajo 2020) que al manifestarse, podrían causar alteraciones físicas, mentales y emocionales

As habilidades metafonológicas e metasemânticas em crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem e crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem

The purpose of this research paper is to describe differences in the development of metaphonological and meta-semantic skills between children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and children with normal language development (NLD). Besides, the research aims at determining the relation between these skills. It is a quantitative, not experimental, cross-sectional study, with a descriptive-comparative and correlational scope. The convenience sample consists of 36 children aged 5 to 5,11. Their metalinguistic skills were measured using the Phonological Awareness Test—Pecfo (Varela y De Barbieri, 2015), and the Test for Assessing Semantic Metalinguistic Skills—PHMS (Renz, Valenzuela y Yacuba, 2014). The results show statistically significant differences between both groups, particularly in terms of meta-semantic skills. They also show a correlation between both kinds of skills. It is concluded that they require a systematic work that could have a positive impact on language acquisition and, later, on more complex processes, such as reading and writing, especially in children with SLI.AEl objetivo de este artículo de investigación es describir diferencias en el desarrollo de las habilidades metafonológicas y metasemánticas en niños con trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL) tipo mixto y en niños con desarrollo normal (dn), además de establecer la relación entre dichas habilidades. El siguiente es un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental-transversal, con un alcance descriptivo-comparativo y correlacional. La muestra no probabilística por conveniencia es de 36 sujetos de 5 a 5,11 años, cuyas habilidades metalingüísticas fueron medidas con la Prueba de evaluación de conciencia fonológica-Pecfo (Varela y De Barbieri, 2015) y la Prueba para evaluar habilidades metalingüísticas de tipo semántico-PHMS (Renz, Valenzuela y Yacuba, 2014). Los resultados demuestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos, particularmente en las habilidades metasemánticas. Por otro lado, se comprueba que existe relación entre los dos tipos de habilidades. Ambas requieren de un trabajo sistemático que pueda incidir de manera positiva en el desarrollo lingüístico y, luego, en procesos más complejos, como la lecto-escritura, especialmente en los niños con TEL.O objetivo deste artigo de pesquisa é descrever as diferenças no desenvolvimento de habilidades metafonológicas e metasemânticas em crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem do tipo misto (DEL) e em crianças com desenvolvimento normal (DN), além de estabelecer a relação entre essas habilidades. A seguir, é apresentado um estudo quantitativo, não-experimental-transversal, com um escopo descritivo comparativo e correlacional. A amostra não probabilística por conveniência é de 36 indivíduos de 5 a 5,11 anos, cujas habilidades metalingüísticas foram medidas com o Teste de Avaliação da Consciência Fonológica-Pecfo (Varela e De Barbieri, 2015) e o Teste para avaliar as habilidades metalingüísticas do PHMS semântico (Renz, Valenzuela e Yacuba, 2014). Os resultados demonstram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos, principalmente nas habilidades metasemânticas. Por outro lado, verifica-se que existe uma relação entre os dois tipos de habilidades. Ambos exigem trabalho sistemático que possa afetar positivamente o desenvolvimento linguístico e, posteriormente, em processos mais complexos, como leitura e escrita, principalmente em crianças com DEL

Anxiety, low self-esteem and a low happiness index are associated with poor school performance in Chilean adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis

Objective: To analyze the relationship between anxiety, self-esteem, happiness index and primary school students’ academic performance in Chilean adolescents from the Biobío province. Methodology: 733 (46.1% girls; 12 (1.3 years)) public primary school students that completed the 2018 Health and School Performance Survey carried out in the Biobío province were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The BECK Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to measure anxiety while happiness index and self-esteem were measured using the subjective happiness scale and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, respectively. School performance was measured by grade point average (GPA) of language, math, physical education and cumulative GPA, and behavior associated with cognition in the school context was also considered. The relationship between mental health indicators and school performance was investigated using a one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Results: In comparison to students with low anxiety levels and high self-esteem and happiness levels, students with higher anxiety levels, lower self-esteem and happiness levels perceived themselves as having memory problems. They were also slower to solve math problems, had a shorter attention span in class and presented more difficulties in solving complex tasks, as well as being more nervous during testing. These students also got the lowest grade point average in math, language and physical education. Conclusion: High anxiety levels, low self-esteem and low happiness levels were associated with lower school performance and weaker behavior associated with cognition in Chilean adolescents. Implementing plans of emotional education and mental health could improve academic achievement

Career self: a longitudinal study with college students

O self de carreira constituí um subconjunto organizado do universo cognitivo de uma pessoa, responsável pelo carácter subjetivo que a mesma confere à carreira. Este estudo pretende avaliar mudanças no conteúdo do self de carreira de estudantes universitários, do início para o final do último ano de graduação. Para tal, recorreu-se a medidas repetidas dos índices da Grelha de Repertório da Carreira (Silva & Taveira, 2005; Silva, 2008). Na investigação, participaram 80 estudantes, dos quais 49 são mulheres (61,25%) e 31 são homens (38,75%), com idades entre os 21 e os 45 anos (M= 23,9, DP= 4,31). Os resultados indicam que, no final da licenciatura, os estudantes diminuem a distância como se constrõem em relação aos outros e mantêm uma construção positiva do self de carreira.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) in Ecuador, part I

Aprovechando la realización de las XL Jornadas Nacionales de Biología Espol en la ciudad de Guayaquil, se realizó una sesión dedicada a la epidemiología del virus de papiloma humano (VPH) y del cáncer cervical. Esta sesión tuvo la participación de varios investigadores provenientes de diferentes zonas del Ecuador. El presente artículo tiene como objeto presentar un resumen de estas charlas, junto a un análisis de la información mostrada además de una reflexión sobre las preguntas que quedan aún por responder en cuanto al perfil epidemiológico de esta patología en el país.Taking advantage of the realization of the XL National Conference on Espol Biology in the city of Guayaquil, a session was held dedicated to the epidemiology of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cervical cancer. This session was attended by several researchers from different areas of Ecuador. The object of this article is to present a summary of these talks, together with an analysis of the information shown in addition to a reflection on the questions still to be answered regarding the epidemiological profile of this pathology in the country.Fil: Rivera, Angélica. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: De la Plata, Janice. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Montiel, Marynes. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Romero, Christian. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Piedrahíta, Paolo. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Sanchez, Eduardo. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Moreno, Arturo. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Espinosa, Maylen. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Bedoya, César. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Arreaga, Carlos. Universidad Técnica de Machala; EcuadorFil: España, Karool. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Parrales, Eduardo. Universidad de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Zhingre, Alicia. Universidad de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Sanchez, Sunny. Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo; EcuadorFil: Campoverde, Alfredo. Universidad de Cuenca; EcuadorFil: Dalgo, Paola. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; EcuadorFil: Arévalo, Paulina. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; EcuadorFil: García, Gustavo. Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Instituto Oncológico Nacional; EcuadorFil: Mendoza, Marcia. Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Instituto Oncológico Nacional; EcuadorFil: Ruiz, Juan. Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Instituto Oncológico Nacional; EcuadorFil: Sanchez, Martha. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Medina, Lex. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Párraga, Karla. United European Gastroenterology; AustriaFil: Ibarra, Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Quimís, María. No especifíca;Fil: Parrales, Johana. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Molina, Denisse. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Badano, Ines. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Orlando, Alberto. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Vega Luzuriaga, Patricio. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; Ecuado

Forgone, but not forgotten: Toward a theory of forgone professional identities

Through an inductive, qualitative study, I developed a process model of how people deal with professional identities they have forgone by choice or constraint. I show that, when forgone professional identities are linked to unfulfilled values, people look for ways to enact them and retain them in the self-concept. I further identify three strategies that people use to enact foregone professional identities: (1) real enactment (i.e., enacting the forgone identity through real activities and social interactions either at work or during leisure time), (2) imagined enactment (i.e., enacting the forgone identity through imagined activities and interactions, either in an alternate present or in the future), and (3) vicarious enactment (i.e., enacting the forgone identity by observing and imagining close others enacting it and internalizing these experiences). These findings expand our conceptualization of professional identity beyond identities enacted through activities and interactions that are part of formal work roles, and illuminate the key role of imagination and vicarious experiences in identity construction and maintenance