Electrified plasma in AdS/CFT correspondence

We construct new gravity backgrounds holographic dual to neutral plasma with U(1) global symmetry in the presence of constant electric field, considering its full back-reactions to the metric. As the electric field and the induced current cause a net energy in-flow to the system, the plasma is continually heated up and the corresponding gravity solution has an expanding horizon. After proposing a consistent late-time expansion scheme, we present analytic solutions in the scheme up to next-leading order, and our solutions are new time-dependent solutions of 5D asymptotic AdS Einstein-Maxwell(-Chern-Simons) theory. To extract dual CFT stress tensor and U(1) current from the solutions, we perform a rigorous holographic renormalization of Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory including full back-reactions, which can in itself be an interesting addition to literatures. As by-products, we obtain interesting modifications of energy-momentum/current Ward identities due to the U(1) symmetry and its triangle anomaly.Comment: 27 pages, no figure, v3, minor typos fixed, matches with published versio

Analysis of multilayer structure for reflection of extreme-ultraviolet wavelength

Mo/Si multilayers deposited by sputtering for application to extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) reflectors have been characterized. Si rice the control of d-spacing is critical for achieving higher reflectivity. an effective and accurate d-spacing measurement technology is required. Although cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) and low-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) are standard methods for evaluating multilayers. they provide different d-spacing values front each other. Cross-sectional TIN images can allow direct measurement of individual layers and cannot reveal tire optical behavior of the multilayer. On the other hand, low-angle XRD analysis can provide the resultant d-spacing which includes nonideal factors. As a result look-angle XRD can predict the EUV peak position more precisely than TEM analysis.X117sciescopu

Selective bio-oxidation of propane to acetone using methane-oxidizing Methylomonas sp DH-1

Propane is the major component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Nowadays, the use of LPG is decreasing, and thus utilization of propane as a chemical feedstock is in need of development. An efficient biological conversion of propane to acetone using a methanotrophic whole cell as the biocatalyst was proposed and investigated. A bio-oxidation pathway of propane to acetone in Methylomonas sp. DH-1 was analyzed by gene expression profiling via RNA sequencing. Propane was oxidized to 2-propanol by particulate methane monooxygenase and subsequently to acetone by methanol dehydrogenases. Methylomonas sp. DH-1 was deficient in acetone-converting enzymes and thus accumulated acetone in the absence of any enzyme inhibition. The maximum accumulation, average productivity and specific productivity of acetone were 16.62 mM, 0.678 mM/h and 0.141 mmol/g cell/h, respectively, under the optimized conditions. Our study demonstrates a novel method for the bioconversion of propane to acetone using methanotrophs under mild reaction condition