RESEARCH ON ESTABLISHING ECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY IN JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE CULTURE

In the period 2018-2020. within RDSFCSS Dabuleni, from Romania, 4 planting epochs were studied and 2 harvest epochs. Determinations were made on the number of tubers/plant, the average weight of a tuber and the production per unit area. Regardless of the planting epoch both the number of tubers/plant and the average weight of a tuber was higher in the plants  harvested after 29 weeks after planting. The highest production of tubers was obtained by planting Jerusalem artichoke between April 15-25 and harvested after 29 weeks. In this variant. the production was 66.02 t / ha. corresponding to a number of 45.9 tubers / plant. with an average weight of 47.8 g / tuber

RESULTS REGARDING THE FERTILIZATION OF THE SUNFLOWER CROP WITH AN EFFLUENT OBTAINED BY WASTEWATER TREATMENT

The research was carried out in 2020 on the sunflower crop grown in sandy soils in southern Oltenia and aimed at the influence of fertigation with an effluent obtained by wastewater treatment, compared to conventional fertilization and irrigation with normal water from surface water sources. The obtained results showed the positive influence, on the nutritional status of the plant, of ensuring the dose of nitrogen in the vegetation by fertigation with purified water, applied fractionally in 2-3 steps (Nt-3.5%; Pt = 0.35% Kt = 2.7%), compared to classical fertilization and irrigation with normal water from surface water sources. It was noted with the best results on production (4427.5 kg / ha) and the weight of one thousand grains (69 g), the variant in which the dose of 70 kg N / ha, required in vegetation, was ensured by irrigation with treated water,  applied fractionally in two doses of 50%, starting with the phase of 5-7 leaves.Â

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZATIONS ON THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF GRAIN SORGHUM IN THE CONDITIONS OF SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Research conducted at SCDCPN Dăbuleni in the period 2018-2019, regarding the influence of the fertilization system on the nutritional quality of grain sorghum, has revealed different results, due to both the applied fertilization and the climatic conditions of the study period. The most balanced biochemical composition of sorghum beans was obtained in the fertilized variant with N150P80 K80 + biostimulatory (ALBIT-40 ml / ha) (11.72% humidity, 13.50% protein, 906.39 kg / ha protein, 6714kg / ha grain production, 3.53% fat, 87 kg / hl hectolitric mass, 29g mass of 1000 grains). The amount of protein expressed as a percentage increased with the increase of the production but insignificant, and the quantity of protein expressed in kg / ha increased with the increase of the distinct grain production significantly. Regarding the influence of the study years, the best results were obtained in the climatic conditions of the year 2018, which was characterized by maximum average temperatures of 26.6 0C, in the summer months and with significant precipitations during the period May-July (106.6-195.2mm)

THE BEHAVIOR OF VARIETIES OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE ON THE SANDY SOILS FROM SOUTH OF OLTENIA

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is considered a species with relatively high tolerance to water stress and very high adaptability to extremes of unfavorable factors - drought resistance, at extremely high temperatures (350- 450C the plants and -300 -450C the tubers). The tubers with high inulin content are formed on the root branches and are increasingly used as food for patients with diabetes. The variety is one of the main factors of the technology, the cultivation of a variety should be done only after a preliminary test regarding its adaptability to the natural environmental factors. On the sandy soils from Dabuleni were studied the varieties Dacic, Olimp, Rustic and the local population Dăbuleni. It was noted by the number of tubers/plant the Olimp variety with 60.4 stems/plant, and the highest weight of a tuber was recorded in the Rustic variety (51.6 g/tuber). The highest production was made at the Olimp variety, respectively 70.03 t/ha, corresponding to the largest number of tubers harvested at a plant, followed by the production of the Rustic variety of 51.97t/ ha. At the Dacic variety, 15.6 t/ha were obtained, and the local population of Dăbuleni achieved the lowest production (6.45 t/ha). The inulin content was between 12.49% in the Rustic variety and 14.47% in the Olimp variety. Dacic varieties and local population Dăbuleni were highlighted by high in total dry matter, soluble dry matter and soluble carbohydrates, and Rustic varieties and local population Dabuleni were high in vitamin C content (14.92-14.96 mg)

VARIABILITY OF CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAITS IN SOME GENOTYPES OF FOREIGN PEANUTS GROWN ON THE SANDY SOILS OF SOUTHERN OLTENIA

Peanuts are considered one of the most important food plants in the tropical and subtropical regions. Due to their high protein and fat content, they are very valuable and varied in use. The study of the variability of the quantitative characters was performed on 5 genotypes of foreign peanuts grown at RDSPCS Dabuleni using biometric measurements and observations during the vegetation period on the plant's waist, the number of shoots per plant, and in the laboratory determinations were made on pods and grains. Analyzing some characters of the stem, we observed a small variability regarding the length of the stem with values of s% = 3.07-4.5%, and the number of stems / plant with higher values of s% = 4.0-6, 73%. The number of grains in the pods and the mass of 1000 grains show good stability in all genotypes.

RESEARCH ON THE EFFICACY AND SELECTIVITY OF SOME HERBICIDES APPLIED TO GRAIN SORGHUM

The research carried out during the period 2018-2019 at Dabuleni Research Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands (Dabuleni RDSPCS) underlines the importance of the herbicide work on the sorghum crop for grains, placed under the conditions of sandy soils. The products were tested: Trek P34 SE (pendimethalin 64 g / l + terbuthylazine 270 g / l), in doses of 2.5 l / ha and 3.5 l / ha, Gardoprim Plus Gold 500 SC (S-metolachlor 312, 5 g / l + terbuthylazine 197.5 g / l), in a dose of 1 l / ha, Universal Buctril (bromoxynil 280 g / l + 2,4-D acid (ester) 280 g / l), in a dose of 1 l / ha, Dicopur Top 464 SL (344 g / l 2.4 D acid from DMA salt and 120 g / l dicamba), in a dose of 1 l / ha and Dual Gold 960 EC (960 g/l S-metolaclor), in a dose of 1,5 l/ha. The spectrum of weeds recorded in the untreated variant is highlighted by the abundant presence of the species Ambrosia artemisiifolia, in 48.9%, followed by Digitaria sanguinalis (29.6%), Portulacca oleraceaea (12.2%) and Chenopodium album (9.3 %). The EWRS ratings, regarding the weed degree in the untreated variant, underline high values throughout the vegetation period, the grades being in the range 6-9, with an average of 7.88. Compared to this variant, the application of herbicides ensures a weed control, for the period 15-60 days after application, in a percentage of 50.8-71.4%. The obtained results show that the best control over the weed degree in the sorghum culture was achieved by the post-emergent application of the product Trek P34 SE, at a dose of 3, 5 l / ha, the production of grains obtained at harvesting being 7333.5 kg / ha, compared with the non-herbicide control, in which 3070.5 kg / ha were registered

A DIGITAL APPROACH FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY EVALUATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE – BASED BONE GRAFT MATERIALS

The aim of this study was to evaluate by means of coherence optical tomography (OCT) two synthetic bone augmentation materials based on hydroxyapatite and to quantify the degree of filling of the experimental cavities created one month and two months after their creation. We made 4 groups of 5 Whistar rats on which we created experimental cavities in calvaria and in the upper maxillary. Samples were obtained after one months for two study group and after two months for the other two. After obtaining the images from the optical coherence tomography examination, they were analysed with the ImageJ software. The results provided important information related to the healing pattern of the experimental cavities, the degree of their filling with newly formed bone tissue, but also about the presence of residual particles of synthetic bone graft materials.The increased refractive index of a synthetic bone augmentation material is an important advantage in assessing by OCT the presence of material particles in a bone cavity. The maxillary bone anatomy due to its convexities made more difficult the evaluation of the samples from this area compared to the flat surfaces offered by the calvaria samples. Optical coherence tomography remains a promising method for the evaluation of new-forming bone tissue when synthetic bone graft materials are used, both for research evaluation in order to compare different materials, but also for the potential to be used in clinical activity as well