ネパール Kaski チク Lekhnath シ Patneri ムラ ニ オケル インリョウスイ オヨビ ドジョウ ノ チョウカン ビョウゲンセイタイ オセン ジッタイ チョウサ

In Nepal, infectious diseases are highly prevalent and are responsible for morbidity and mortality. In the year of 2008 summer (rainy) season, we investigated the status of enteropathogenic contamination of drinking water and parasitic contamination of the soil at Patneri Village in Lekhnath Municipality in Kaski District, Nepal. A total of 34 water samples were tested for enteropathogeic contamination. All 34 samples tested were positive for coliform bacilli and 68% (23/34) were positive for Escherichia coli. Of the21 soil samples collected, 10% (2/21) were positive for parasite eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. Questionnaires revealed that 79% (156/197) of households were keeping some kind animals in their house and 94% (184/195) of houses had a toilet. Despite of this it was interesting to observe only human parasites eggs in the positive soil samples. These results indicated that water contamination with fecal matter is more important than soil contamination with helminth parasite eggs. Low prevalence of soil contamination with helminth parasite eggs appears to be attributed to distribution of albendazole tablets during nationwide vitamin-A program

ネパール ノ Kaski チク ニ オケル セイカツスイ ノ ビョウゲンセイ ビセイブツ オセン ジッタイ チョウサ

Diarrheal disease is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality particularly among children in the developing countries with poor water sanitation. In the rainy season of 2009, a study on enteropathogenic contamination was performed for the water supply in the Kaski District of Nepal. A total of 23 water samples, including 6 from Pokhara City (central city), 7 from Patneri Village (on the plain side), and 10 from Dhital Village (on the hill side) were investigated using a commercially available coliform bacilli kit, MPN Colilert (IDEXX Laboratories, USA). In total, 87% (20/23) water samples were positive for coliform bacilli (Escherichia coli) and 74% (17/23) for fecal coliform bacilli. All samples collected in Pokhara City and Dhital Village were positive for coliform bacilli while only 57% (4/7) of samples collected from Patneri Village were for coliform bacilli. With regard to fecal coliform bacilli, rates of positivity in these three locations were 100% (6/6), 80% (8/10), and 43% (3/7), respectively. Interestingly, water samples collected from schools at Dhital Village and Patneri Village showed both coliform bacilli and fecal coliform bacilli. These findings, particularly of fecal coliform contamination of water at schools, suggest the possibility of outbreaks of waterborne disease among children. We recommend effective sterilization of the water supply and improvement of knowledge of water safety in school children as well as people in general

Cryptosporidium oocyst検出法

The protozoa Cryptosporidium parvum has been identified as one of the agents responsible for numerous outbreaks of diarrheal diseases. Detection of C.parvum oocysts in clinical and environmental samples is the key in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in human and in identifying a water-borne and/or food-borne outbreaks. Therfore, it is very important and necessary to have simples, sensitive and specific methods. However, no such perfect methods are available as yet. In this context, we studies the various methods available by modifying at different aspects and steps using samples collected in Nepal. This study revealed that morphological test using microscopy in combination with specific immunological is valuable for quick screening and the genetic method is effective method for identifying Cryptosporidium species

ネパール カトマンドゥー コウガイ ノ コウリツ ショウガッコウ ニ オケル キセイチュウ カンセンショウ ノ ジッタイ

A survey on intestinal parasitosis and its pre-disposing factors was done among public primary school (1-5 classes) children (n=221 ; M : 107 and F : 114, Age : 5 to 16 years) in a suburban area of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Fecal samples were preserved into Cary-Blair transport media and in 10% formal. -saline. Parasites were detected by formal. -ether concentration technique. Blood hemoglobin was estimated by cyanmethemoglobin method. A questionnaire was done to reveal pre-disposing factors. The overall prevalence of parasitosis was 72.4% with significant difference in boys and girls (p<0.05). Approximately half of the infected children (46.9%) had multiple parasitic infections. Altogether eleven types of parasites were recovered. Trichuris trichiura was most frequently detected followed by Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia. Hemoglobin level also did not differ significantly in children with and without parasitosis

High-resolution seismic reflection profiling across the Shiraiwa fault, eastern margin of the Yokote basin fault zone, northeast Japan : data acquisition and processing

The eastern margin of the Yokote basin fault zone extends about 56km at the western foot of the Ou Backbone Range, northeast Japan. The Rikuu earthquake (M=7.2) occurred in the Ou Backbone Range (Mahiru Range) on 31st August, 1896. Associated with this earthquake, four thrust faults-Obonai, Shiraiwa, Ota, and Senya fault3 appeared on the surface of the western foot of the Mahiru Range. These faults were highly sinuous with numerous gaps and en echelon steps. We conducted a high-resolution seismic reflection profiling survey across the Shiraiwa fault. The obtained seismic reflection data were processed by conventional common mid-point methods, post-stack migration, and depth conversion. The subsurface structure across the Shraiwa fault is characterized by branched low-angle reverse faults and conjugate back-thrust. The emergent thrust associated with the 1896 earthquake is regarded to be a subsidiary reverse fault

Reconstruction of Abdominal Wall Defects Using a Pedicled Anterolateral Thigh Flap including the Vastus Lateralis Muscle: A Report of Two Cases

The purpose of abdominal wall reconstruction is to prevent hernias and protect the abdominal viscera. In cases involving full-thickness defects of the rectus abdominis muscle, the muscle layer should be repaired. We present 2 cases in which full-thickness lower rectus abdominis muscle defects were reconstructed using vastus lateralis-anterolateral thigh flaps. The pedicled vastus lateralis-anterolateral thigh flap provides skin, fascia, and muscle tissue. Furthermore, it has a long neurovascular pedicle and can reach up to the periumbilical area and cover large defects. We consider that this muscle flap is a good option for repairing full-thickness lower abdominal defects