5,060 research outputs found
Identities on the k-ary Lyndon words related to a family of zeta functions
The main aim of this paper is to investigate and introduce relations between
the numbers of k-ary Lyndon words and unified zeta-type functions which was
defined by Ozden et al [15, p. 2785]. Finally, we give some identities on
generating functions for the numbers of k-ary Lyndon words and some special
numbers and polynomials such as the Apostol-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials,
Frobenius-Euler numbers, Euler numbers and Bernoulli numbers.Comment: 9 page
A Survey on Deep Learning-based Architectures for Semantic Segmentation on 2D images
Semantic segmentation is the pixel-wise labelling of an image. Since the
problem is defined at the pixel level, determining image class labels only is
not acceptable, but localising them at the original image pixel resolution is
necessary. Boosted by the extraordinary ability of convolutional neural
networks (CNN) in creating semantic, high level and hierarchical image
features; excessive numbers of deep learning-based 2D semantic segmentation
approaches have been proposed within the last decade. In this survey, we mainly
focus on the recent scientific developments in semantic segmentation,
specifically on deep learning-based methods using 2D images. We started with an
analysis of the public image sets and leaderboards for 2D semantic
segmantation, with an overview of the techniques employed in performance
evaluation. In examining the evolution of the field, we chronologically
categorised the approaches into three main periods, namely pre-and early deep
learning era, the fully convolutional era, and the post-FCN era. We technically
analysed the solutions put forward in terms of solving the fundamental problems
of the field, such as fine-grained localisation and scale invariance. Before
drawing our conclusions, we present a table of methods from all mentioned eras,
with a brief summary of each approach that explains their contribution to the
field. We conclude the survey by discussing the current challenges of the field
and to what extent they have been solved.Comment: Updated with new studie
Combinatorial identities associated with new families of the numbers and polynomials and their approximation values
Recently, the numbers and the polynomials
have been introduced by the second author [22]. The purpose
of this paper is to construct higher-order of these numbers and polynomials
with their generating functions. By using these generating functions with their
functional equations and derivative equations, we derive various identities and
relations including two recurrence relations, Vandermonde type convolution
formula, combinatorial sums, the Bernstein basis functions, and also some well
known families of special numbers and their interpolation functions such as the
Apostol--Bernoulli numbers, the Apostol--Euler numbers, the Stirling numbers of
the first kind, and the zeta type function. Finally, by using Stirling's
approximation for factorials, we investigate some approximation values of the
special case of the numbers .Comment: 17 page
A class of 3-dimensional contact metric manifolds
We classify the contact metric 3-manifolds that satisfy ||grad{\lambda}||=1
and \nabla_{{\xi}}{\tau}=2a{\tau}{\phi}.Comment: 12 pages, submitte
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