12 research outputs found
ENKON 87 - 6. Tagung mit Fachausstellung 'Energie- und Entsorgungskonzepte fuer den Betrieb' Vortragsmappe
Full text linkSIGLECopy held by FIZ Karlsruhe / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman
ENKON 87 - 6. Tagung mit Fachausstellung 'Energie- und Entsorgungskonzepte fuer den Betrieb' Vortragsmappe
Full text linkSIGLECopy held by FIZ Karlsruhe / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman
New genus and species of the extinct aphid family Szelegiewicziidae and their implications for aphid evolution
Full text linkPutting scales into evolutionary time: the divergence of major scale insect lineages (Hemiptera) predates the radiation of modern angiosperm hosts
Full text linkCreatine Kinase, Amylase, and Parathyroid Hormone in Stable CAPD and Hemodialysis Patients
Full text linkA new species of Haplosporidium Caullery & Mesnil, 1899 in the marine false limpet Siphonaria lessonii (Gastropoda: Siphonariidae) from Patagonia
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Quantifying a Sustainable Management Space for Human Use of Coastal Groundwater under Multiple Change Pressures
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Pharmacology of intra-articular triamcinolone
Full text linkIntroduction: The inflammatory joint diseases of juvenile inflammatory arthritis (JIA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA): and also mild to moderate joint injury, all require a multidisciplinary approach to management. Intra-articular injections of corticosteroids have been shown to be a very beneficial adjunctive treatment in the management of the above disorders. It is, therefore, important that clinicians have a good understanding of the clinical actions of intra-articular injections.
Objective: This article explores the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical pharmacology of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH) in JIA, RA, and OA.
Methods: Literature search of TA and TH articles was conducted using key word searches in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases and through references within found articles.
Results: TA and TH intra-articular injections have been shown to provide good clinical benefit for up to 6 months and even longer. TH has been shown to decrease in the expression of citrullinated proteins, the monoclonal antibody F95, and peptidylarginine deiminase 4 in RA synovium. TA and TH intra-articular injections have a low side effect profile which is similar to other corticosteroid. They have minimal to no mineralocorticoid adverse effects and facial flushing 2–3 days post injections is the most common side effect recorded, and in almost all cases is no worse than nuisance.
Conclusion: TA and TH are useful adjunct therapies in the management of JIA, RA, OA, and mild to moderate joint injury.</p
