Combining abilities and heterotic groups in Pisum sativum L.

The objective of this research was to investigate the use of heterosis and estimates of the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for yield and the yield-related traits for identifying suitable parents and forming heterotic groups for pea- breeding programs. Seventy-six F1 hybrids derived from crosses between nineteen female lines and four male testers were evaluated during two seasons. Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA effects and their relationship revealed predominantly additive effects for all traits. Parents with higher GCA values were "ZAV20" (female parent) and "ZAV23" (male parent).The cross "ZAV5 x ZAV23" showed the highest value for seed yield. Days to flowering and number of seeds per plot were the variables with the highest values for broad and narrow-sense heritability (0.93 and 0.65, respectively), indicating that these traits are highly heritable. The highest best parent heterosis for seed yield was observed in the "ZAV17 x DDR14" hybrid. Four heterotic groups were formed and validated by estimating the intra and inter group heterosis.Fil: Espósito, María Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, Ileana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Vanina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Anido, Fernando Sebastian. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentin

Evaluation of a lentil collection (Lens culinaris Medik) using morphological traits and digital phenotyping

The objective of this work was to evaluate 81 lentil cultivars using morphological traits and seed characteristics using digital phenotyping. Caliber (C) and the color traits luminosity (L), color coordinates a and b, and color index (CI) were measured and analyzed with appropriate software; also yield (Y), plant height (PH) and days to flowering (DF) were measured. Highly significant differences between cultivars were present for all traits and high heritability in broad sense heritability (H2B) for C (97%), CI (94%), a (93%) and L and b (83%) were found, indicating high genetic variability for these traits. Digital phenotyping showed to be a powerful tool for germplasm characterization along with field evaluation of agronomical traits. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis allows de identification of differentiated groups of cultivars with similar characteristics, leading to a more efficient use of the germplasm available as commercial cultivars or as parents in a breeding program. Among these groups, group 1 had 32 cultivars with highest C and group 2 had 21 cultivars with higher Y. Highlights Digital phenotyping showed to be a powerful tool for germplasm characterization along with field evaluation of agronomical traits. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis allows the identification of differentiated groups of cultivars with similar characteristics. Cultivar groups with similar characteristics allow more efficient use of germplasm.The objective of this work was to evaluate 81 lentil cultivars using morphological traits and seed characteristics using digital phenotyping. Caliber (C) and the color traits luminosity (L), color coordinates a and b, and color index (CI) were measured and analyzed with appropriate software; also yield (Y), plant height (PH) and days to flowering (DF) were measured. Highly significant differences between cultivars were present for all traits and high heritability in broad sense heritability (H2B) for C (97%), CI (94%), a (93%) and L and b (83%) were found, indicating high genetic variability for these traits. Digital phenotyping showed to be a powerful tool for germplasm characterization along with field evaluation of agronomical traits. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis allows de identification of differentiated groups of cultivars with similar characteristics, leading to a more efficient use of the germplasm available as commercial cultivars or as parents in a breeding program. Among these groups, group 1 had 32 cultivars with highest C and group 2 had 21 cultivars with higher Y. Highlights Digital phenotyping showed to be a powerful tool for germplasm characterization along with field evaluation of agronomical traits. Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis allows the identification of differentiated groups of cultivars with similar characteristics. Cultivar groups with similar characteristics allow more efficient use of germplasm

Analysis of variability and phylogeny in pisum (Pisum spp.) using digital phenotyping and morphological traits

Plant phenotyping links genomics with plant ecophysiology and agronomy. It is usually performed by non-destructive, automated and image-based technology and generates information for efficient and searchable digital characterization of crop that can be performed during routine, periodical regeneration of accessions in germplasm collections. In the present work, ninety-two accessions of Pisum from different species and subspecies were studied during 2015 and 2016. Size and colour traits were measured using digital images from a Samsung CLX 3300 scanner and analysed with appropriate software; also seed weight, plant height and days to flowering were measured. Highly significant differences between accessions and species and subspecies for all these traits were found. When distances among species and subspecies are calculated, P. sativum subsp. sativum showed the greatest distance with P. fulvum (8.02) followed by P. abyssinicum (7.13); while the smallest distance was found between P. fulvum and P. sativum subsp. transcaucasicum (3.16). A Neighbour-joining tree with a cofenetic r of 0.985 was obtained. Seed and pod characteristics as colour parameters and size, obtained by digital phenotyping, have proved to be suitable markers for genetic diversity evaluation and they are useful in evolutionary analysis, allowing the discrimination of the main wild and cultivated species in the genus Pisum.Fil: Gatti, Ileana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Guindón, María Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Bermejo, Carolina Julieta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; Argentin

Evaluation of the stability and adaptability of the yield variable in 23 varieties of Pisum sativum L. using diferent methodologies

La arveja (Pisum sativum L.) pertenece a la familia de las leguminosas, presentando una importante ventaja ecológica al contribuir al desarrollo de una agricultura de bajos insumos debido a la fijación de nitrógeno atmosférico y minimizando la necesidad de insumos externos. Este cultivo en nuestro país está siendo considerado cada vez más como una alternativa viable, tanto por su rentabilidad como por sus beneficios como antecesor de los cultivos de verano. Es de vital importancia el estudio de la interacción genotipo-ambiente de los diferentes cultivares a evaluar para determinar cuáles genotipos son más prometedores a las diferentes zonas de producción del cultivo. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue analizar la adaptabilidad y estabilidad para la productividad de 23 variedades de arveja que fueron evaluadas durante cuatro años a partir de diferentes métodos e identificar los cultivares más prometedores para el cultivo en zonas aledañas a la localidad de Zavalla. Las metodologías utilizadas fueron el método de regresión lineal propuesto por Eberhart y Russell (1966), el análisis multivariado AMMI y el método no paramétrico de ranking.Peas (Pisum sativum L.) belong to the legume family, and present a significant ecological advantage to the development of low-input agriculture because of their natural ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, thus minimizing the need for external inputs. In Argentina, this crop is being increasingly considered as a viable alternative to wheat, due to both its profitability and the benefits as predecessor of summer crops. In order to determine which genotypes are most promising for different areas of crop production, it is of vital importance to study the genotype-environment interaction of the different cultivars to be evaluated. The main objectives of this four-year study were to analyze the adaptability and stability of 23 varieties of peas using different methods, and to identify the most promising cultivars for the areas near the town of Zavalla. The methodologies used were the linear regression method proposed by Eberhart and Russell (1966), the AMMI multivariate analysis, and the non-parametric method of ranking.Fil: Cattaneo, Romina Magali. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, Ileana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Cátedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Producción de Semillas; Argentin

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Evaluación de la variabilidad existente en materiales de arveja tipo rugoso y la determinación de sus valores genotípicos para ser seleccionados como progenitores en planes de mejoramiento

Argentina produce en promedio 26.393,72 toneladas de arveja tipo rugoso (Pisum sativum L.), 80% para enlatar o congelar y el 20% restante se comercializa como chaucha fresca. Las principales zonas de producción de arveja para consumo fresco son el sur de Santa Fe y norte de Buenos Aires y la zona este de Mendoza y San Juan. Es fundamental caracterizar la variabilidad genética en función de rasgos cualitativos y cuantitativos de interés y determinar las correlaciones entre ellos para luego definir diferentes estrategias de selección de parentales. El valor genotípico y la distancia genética son indicadores de utilidad para la selección de líneas puras de arveja a usar como progenitores en hibridaciones orientadas a generar variabilidad inicial en programas de mejoramiento. Se analizaron 24 variedades de arveja tipo rugoso, que fueron implantados en el Campo Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la UNR sito en Zavalla (33° S y 60° 53´O), en un diseño experimental en parcelas subdivididas en bloque completos al azar, con dos repeticiones bajo sistema de riego por goteo y dos repeticiones en secano y evaluados durante los años 2015 y 2016. Las parcelas experimentales se sembraron en surcos espaciados a 70 cm, con 2 m de largo y una densidad estimada de 50 plantas por parcela. Se realizó la caracterización fenotípica tanto para caracteres productivos como de calidad de grano. El análisis de la variancia mostró diferencias significativas y altamente significativas entre variedades para todas las variables excepto para las variables FG y SST que fueron excluidas de análisis posteriores. Sólo para las variables NV, LV, AV, AcT, VitC y CRO no se registraron interacciones dobles o triple significativas, mientras que para el resto de las variables sí. El estudio de la IGA puso en evidencia que los distintos entornos de prueba generados tienen diferente capacidad informativa (entornos discriminantes) como representatividad según cuál sea la variable analizada, remarcando así la importancia de tener en cuenta su magnitud en el momento de evaluar diferentes genotipos como posibles parentales. El cálculo de los valores genotípicos mediante el procedimiento REML / BLUP permitió predecir los valores genéticos sin las influencias del ambiente y de la IGA. El cálculo de las correlaciones fenotípicas y genotípicas, así como su estudio mediante representaciones gráficas de los ACP con valores fenotípicos y genotípicos se comprueba que las variables morfoagronómicas (específicamente RE, NG, PV y NV) no están correlacionadas con las de calidad de grano (por ejemplo, las variables relativas al color). También se observó que las correlaciones genotípicas significativas fueron menores que las fenotípicas para los pares de variables: RE-NG, RE-PV, RE-NV, NG-PV, PV-NV y DPC-ICOS. mientras que para el resto de los pares de variables fueron mayores o similares, indicando una fuerte asociación entre los caracteres. Se realizó una caracterización molecular con 7 marcadores SSR y 6 SRAP que en total presentaron 121 bandas polimórficas y un porcentaje de loci polimórficos del 90%. El análisis de agrupamientos con estos datos permitió formar 6 grupos altamente diferenciados. La mayor distancia Euclídea con los valores fenotípicos se dio entre Bolero y Early Sweet (12,91) y con los valores genotípicos entre Rapid y Rois des Conserves (11,48). Con los datos de MM la mayor distancia de Roger-Modificada se dio entre las variedades Rois des Conserves y Super Scout (0,73) al igual que con la distancia de Gower (0,69) usando MM y datos morfoagronómicos. Esta última coincidencia puede deberse al desbalance entre la cantidad de datos morfoagronómicos y la de MM. Para la estrategia de cruzamientos entre variedades con la mayor distancia genética posible para generar una población segregante (F2) con alta variabilidad es preferible utilizar sólo los datos de los valores genotípicos que además pueden utilizarse en otras metodologías de selección de parentales. Para una estrategia de cruzamientos entre variedades sólo con características deseables para obtener una F2 con variabilidad, pero con una alta frecuencia de alelos favorables resultó más apropiado el índice de selección ESIM ya que permitió obtener una ganancia esperada favorable en la mayor cantidad de variables objetivo (ALT, %REPC, C e IC). El análisis de GTY biplot resultó adecuado para la estrategia de cruzamientos complementarios, ya que permitió identificar genotipos que además de buen RE se destacaron en una o más variable objetivo. La estrategia de selección de líneas de segundo ciclo es más eficiente en cuanto a costos y tiempo requerido, seguida por la estrategia de cruzamientos complementarios y por último la estrategia de cruzamientos entre variedades distantes. Sin embargo, para que un programa de mejoramiento se mantenga en el tiempo, es recomendable combinar todas estas estrategias utilizando por ejemplo la estrategia de cruzamientos distantes para generar líneas recombinantes que reúnan dos o más características de interés que posteriormente puedan ser usadas como parentales complementarios, al mismo tiempo que se obtienen las líneas de segundo ciclo.Argentina produces 26,393.72 tons of green pea (Pisum sativum L. The main areas of production are south of Santa Fe and north of Buenos Aires and the east of Mendoza and San Juan. Twenty-four cultivars of green pea were implanted in the Experimental Field of the FCA-UNR located in Zavalla (33 ° S and 60 ° 53'W), in a subdivided plots design with two repetitions under drip irrigation and two repetitions in dry land and evaluated during 2015 and 2016. The experimental plots were 2 m long rows spaced at 70 cm, with 50 plants per plot. The phenotypic characterization was carried out for both productive and grain quality characters. The analysis of variance showed significant and highly significant differences between varieties for all variables except for FG and SST. Significant double or triple interactions were identified for all characters except for NV, LV, AV, AcT, VitC and CRO. The calculation of the genotypic values using the REML / BLUP procedure allowed predicting the genetic values without the influences of the environment and the IGA. A molecular characterization was carried out with seven SSR markers and six SRAP that in total presented 121 polymorphic bands and 90% of polymorphic loci of. The greatest Euclidean distance with phenotypic values was 12.91 (between Bolero and Early Sweet) and with genotypic values 11.48 (between Rapid and Rois des Conserves). With the MM data, the greatest Roger-Modified distance was 0.73 and with MM and morphoagronomic data the gretest Gower distance was 0.69 (both of them between Rois des Conserves and Super Scout). It is preferable to use genotypic values to select parents with the greatest possible genetic distance to generate a segregating population (F2) with high variability. For a strategy of crosses between elite parents to obtain an F2 with variability and high frequency of favorable alleles, the ESIM selection index was more appropriate since it allowed obtaining favorable expected gains in the target variables ALT, % REPC, C and IC. The GTY biplot analysis was adequate for the complementary crossing strategy, since it allowed the identification of genotypes that stood out in one or more target variable in addition to a good RE. For a successful breeding program is advisable to combine all these strategies As conclusion, genotypic values and genetic distances among them are useful indicators for the selection of parents to generate initial variability in breeding programs.Gatti, Ileana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Assessment of genetic diversity in 23 pisum sativum L. Accessions using molecular markers

En los últimos años, se ha incrementado en Argentina el cultivo de arveja (Pisum sativum L.), generándose la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas variedades con mayor rendimiento y mejores características nutricionales. La información acerca de la diversidad genética entre distintos cultivares es necesaria para definir qué progenitores van a ser utilizados en los planes de mejora. En el presente estudio se evaluaron 23 accesiones de arveja de diversos orígenes, utilizando marcadores SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) y SRAP (Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism). Se utilizaron 25 combinaciones de marcadores SRAP, que dieron origen a 213 bandas polimórficas, y 10 SSR, que revelaron un promedio de 8,7 alelos por locus, con un índice de contenido polimórfico (PIC) promedio de 0,82. Las distancias genéticas calculadas utilizando el índice de Jaccard reflejaron una amplia variabilidad genética entre las muestras. Se determinó a través de un análisis jerárquico de varianza molecular (AMOVA) que el origen geográfico no produjo estructuración genética. Por medio del método de encadenamiento promedio (UPGMA) se generaron dendrogramas, encontrándose diferencias en la forma de agrupamiento de los genotipos evaluados en función del marcador molecular utilizado. Los grupos generados en este estudio pueden ser utilizados para plantear cruzamientos a partir de las accesiones genéticamente diversas en planes de mejoramiento de arvejaIn recent years, Argentina has increased its production of pea (Pisum sativum L.). This has created the need for the development of high-performing cultivars. Information about genetic diversity is necessary for the design of appropriate parental combinations in breeding programs. In the present study, 23 pea accessions from different origins were evaluated using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) and SRAP (Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism) markers. A total of 25 SRAP combinations generated 213 polymorphic bands. On the other hand, 10 SSR produced an average of 8.7 alleles per locus, and their average polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.82. Genetic distances, calculated using the Jaccard index, revealed a high level of genetic variation between the samples. The results of the AMOVA(hierarchical analysis of molecular variance) indicated that there is no differentiation among populations in different geographical regions. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis were carried out. The genetically diverse groups identified with that analysis can be used to derive parental lines for pea breedingFil: Guindón, María Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gatti, Ileana. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Cointry Peix, Enrique Luis. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin