An (Un)Likely Culprit: Examining the U.N.’s Counterproductive Role in the Negotiations Over a Khmer Rouge Tribunal

This Note analyzes the breakdown in the negotiations between the United Nations and the Cambodian government over a criminal tribunal to try the surviving senior leaders of the 1975-79 Khmer Rouge regime. A careful study of the Cambodian legislature\u27s tribunal law and the nature of the United Nation\u27s objections to the law reveals that Cambodia is not the source of the stalemate. Contrary to prevailing Western views and the assertions of several prominent human rights organizations, the United Nations is the real stonewalling party, and its proposed amendments do not bolster the legitimacy of the tribunal or improve its ability to effectively and fairly prosecute Khmer Rouge leaders. Recent developments only confirm this view of United Nations as an obstructionist. The Secretary General\u27s continuing opposition to the tribunal law\u27s framework for domestic/foreign cooperation threatens to undermine a tentative agreement on U.N. participation in the tribunal

The Role of Student Attitudes and Beliefs About Mathematics and Science Learning in Academic Achievement: Evidence From TIMSS for Six Nations

In view of the prevalent belief among parents, educators, and policy makers that positive student attitudes and beliefs about mathematics learning are associated with higher academic achievement, Turner and Boe (1999) recently examined this association using data from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) for seventh- and eighth-grade students in the United States. In light of the substantial support found by Turner and Boe for such attitude-achievement relationships under statistically controlled conditions, the research reported here was designed to expand upon the prior study by quantifying the strength of these relationships in both mathematics and science and to extend the analysis to other nations. To examine cross-national similarities and differences in attitude-achievement relationships, Singapore, Korea, and Hong Kong (representing the Peoples\u27 Republic of China 1) were selected from the East, and Switzer­land, Germany, and the United States were selected from the West

Utilitarian Collective Choice and Voting

In his seminal Social Choice and Individual Values, Kenneth Arrow stated that his theory applies to voting. Many voting theorists have been convinced that, on account of Arrow’s theorem, all voting methods must be seriously flawed. Arrow’s theory is strictly ordinal, the cardinal aggregation of preferences being explicitly rejected. In this paper I point out that all voting methods are cardinal and therefore outside the reach of Arrow’s result. Parallel to Arrow’s ordinal approach, there evolved a consistent cardinal theory of collective choice. This theory, most prominently associated with the work of Harsanyi, continued the older utilitarian tradition in a more formal style. The purpose of this paper is to show that various derivations of utilitarian SWFs can also be used to derive utilitarian voting (UV). By this I mean a voting rule that allows the voter to score each alternative in accordance with a given scale. UV-k indicates a scale with k distinct values. The general theory leaves k to be determined on pragmatic grounds. A (1,0) scale gives approval voting. I prefer the scale (1,0,-1) and refer to the resulting voting rule as evaluative voting. A conclusion of the paper is that the defects of conventional voting methods result not from Arrow’s theorem, but rather from restrictions imposed on voters’ expression of their preferences. The analysis is extended to strategic voting, utilizing a novel set of assumptions regarding voter behavior

Organization of Ecosystems in the Vicinity of a Novel Phase Transition

It is shown that an ecosystem in equilibrium is generally organized in a state which is poised in the vicinity of a novel phase transition.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Ang mga Diskurso ng Araling Pilipino na Umiiral sa mga Artikulo ng Malay Journal (The Discourses of Philippine Studies in the Articles of Malay Journal)

This paper is founded on the assumption that Philippine Studies has five different discouses: 1) Philippine studies as a neutral discourse; 2) colonial Philippine studies as a discourse that is based on western power and reinforces such power; 3) generic postcolonial Philippine studies as a discourse that critiques western hegemony; 4) Pilipinolohiya as a specific postcolonial discourse that was inaugurated by Prospero Covar; and 5) pantayong pananaw as another specific postcolonial discourse that was inaugurated by Zeus Salazar. Malay Journal, on the other hand, is a scholarly periodical intended for researchers in the field of Philippine studies who use the Filipino language. Currently, it is the most respected journal that is exclusively published in Filipino language, based on the fact that it is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education and listed in a number of international abstracting and indexing organizations. This paper intends to establish which among these five discourses of Philippine studies is the most dominant in as far as the articles of the said journal are concerned. In order to attain such goal, this paper analyzed 50% random sample of the articles that were published from 2011, when the journal had completed its shift towards Philippine studies, up to 2015, the present complete year of publication for the said journal

Use of Rollover Protective Structures -- Iowa, Kentucky, New York, and Ohio, 1992-1997

Agriculture has one of the highest occupational fatality rates of all industries in the United States (1). Tractors and other types of agricultural equipment account for a large proportion of these fatalities, and farm-tractor rollovers account for approximately 130 work-related deaths each year in the United States (2). Although rollover protective structures (ROPS) are effective in protecting tractor operators from fatal injuries during rollovers (3-5), most tractors in the United States are not equipped with ROPS (4-7). Beginning in 1985, tractor manufacturers in the United Sates agreed to sell only tractors with ROPS; however, many older tractors without ROPS remain in use. To determine the prevalence of the use of ROPS, beginning in 1992, the Farm Family Health and Hazard Surveillance (FFHHS) program * collected state-based data on tractor age and use of ROPS from selected states. As of August 1997, four states had completed collection and analysis of data on farm tractors. This report summarizes the results of that survey, which indicates that 80%-90% of tractors in use in the four states were manufactured before 1985 and that less than 40% are equipped with ROPS

Capacitance free generation and detection of subpicosecond electrical pulses on coplanar transmission lines

Based on a reanalysis of previous work and new experimental measurements, we conclude that the parasitic capacitance at the generation site is negligible for sliding contact excitation of small dimension coplanar transmission lines.Peer reviewedElectrical and Computer Engineerin

Imaging of atmospheric gravity waves in the stratosphere and upper mesosphere using satellite and ground-based observations over Australia during the TWPICE campaign

Extent: 20p.During the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWPICE) an intense tropical low was situated between Darwin and Alice Springs, Australia. Observations made on 31 January 2006 by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder instrument on the NASA Aqua satellite imaged the presence of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs), at approximately 40 km altitude, with horizontal wavelengths between 200 and 400 km that were originating from the region of the storm. Airglow images obtained from Alice Springs (about 600 km from the center of the low) showed the presence of similar waves with observed periods of 1 to 2 h. The images also revealed the presence of 30- to 45-km-horizontal-wavelength AGWs with shorter observed periods of near 15 to 25 min. Ray tracing calculations show that (1) some of the long wavelength waves traveled on rays, without ducting, to the altitudes where the observations were obtained, and (2) shorter-period waves rapidly reached 85 km altitude at a horizontal distance close to the storm, thus occurring over Alice Springs only if they were trapped or ducted. The mesospheric inversion layer seen in the measured temperature data almost forms such a trapped region. The winds therefore critically control the formation of the trapped region. Wind profiles deduced from the available data show the plausibility for the formation of such a trapped region. Variations in the wind, however, would make ideal trapped region conditions short-lived, and this may account for the sporadic nature of the short-period wave observations.J. H. Hecht, M. J. Alexander, R. L. Walterscheid, L. J. Gelinas, R. A. Vincent, A. D. MacKinnon, J. M. Woithe, P. T. May, W. R. Skinner, M. G. Mlynczak, and J. M. Russell II

Clinical Utility of Novel Biomarkers in the Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many risk prediction models have been developed in an effort to assist clinicians in risk assessment and the prevention of CHD. However, it is unclear whether the existing CHD prediction tools can improve clinical performance, and recently, there has been a lot of effort being made to improve the accuracy of the prediction models. A large number of novel biomarkers have been identified to be associated with cardiovascular risk, and studied with the goal of improving the accuracy and clinical utility of CHD risk prediction. Yet, controversy still remains with regard to the utility of novel biomarkers in CHD risk assessment, and in finding the best statistical methods to assess the incremental value of the biomarkers. This article discusses the statistical approaches that can be used to evaluate the predictive values of new biomarkers, and reviews the clinical utility of novel biomarkers in CHD prediction, specifically in the Korean population