スイートバジル ノ セイイクステージ ナラビニ キカンベツ ノ セイユガンリョウ ト セイユセイブン

スイートバジル生葉の精油含量は,主枝,第1次側枝の開花期に最も多くなり,その後は若干減少した。また,器官別の精油含量は花穂で最も多く,次いで葉となり,茎では著しく少なかった。精油成分はeugenolが常に30%以上と多かったが,linaloolと1,8-cineolは生育の進展に伴って増加し,methyl eugenolは生育初期に30%以上と著しく多いが,生育の進展に伴って急激に減少した。器官別の精油成分は,葉ではeugenolとlinaloolがともに30%以上と多く,花穂ではlinaloolが50%以上と多く,茎ではいずれの成分も含有率が低かった。4細胞腺毛は葉,茎および花穂のすべての器官で認められ,葉では向軸・背軸両面で認められた。腺毛の冠部の直径はおおむね80μm内外であったが,茎では53μmと小さかった。腺毛の分布密度は,葉では背軸面と若い葉で高かった。The content of essential oil in fresh sweet basil leaves was highest during the flowering stage of the main stem and first lateral shoots, and then slightly decreased during the following stages. The content of essential oil was highest in the spike, followed by leaves, and was remarkably low in the stem. Among essential oil components, the content of eugenol was constantly above 30%, but that of linalool and 1,8-cineol increased as growth progressed. The content of methyl eugenol was markedly higher in the early growth stage, but rapidly decreased with growth. The percentages of eugenol and linalool in leaves were both greater than 30%, and that of linalool in the stem was greater than 50%. The percentages of both components were low in the stem. Four-cell glandular hairs were observed in leaf, stem, and spike, and on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces in the leaves. The diameter of the crown of the glandular hairs ranged around 80μm, but was only 53μm in the stem. The distribution density of the glandular hairs was higher on the abaxial surface of leaves and in young leaves

スイートバジル ノ ハ ノ チャクショウイチ ナラビニ ヨウレイ ニ ヨル セイユガンリョウ ト セイユセイブン ノ サイ

スイートバジルの葉中精油含量は,展開直後の若い葉で多く,主枝では上段葉,側枝では第2次側枝葉と,若い葉で多かった。4細胞腺毛数は,1葉当たりでは葉面積の大きい主枝上段葉で多かったが,分布密度は最も若い第2次側枝葉で著しく高かった。精油成分は29成分が認められ,若い生育ステージで特異的に認められたmethyl eugenolは主枝下段葉および第1次側枝基部葉に高含有率で認められ,これらの葉が主体をなす若い生育ステージでは高含有率で存在するが,側枝葉の増加に伴って,これらの葉の全体葉に占める割合が低下すると,急激に低下することが明らかとなった。逆に,生育に伴って成分含有率が上昇した1,8-cineolとlinaloolは,主枝上段葉や側枝葉の若い葉で含有率が高く,側枝葉の増加に伴って含有率が上昇したことも明らかになった。Essential oil content in sweet basil leaves was high in young leaves immediately after unfolding. The essential content was also high in the upper leaves on the main stem, and the second lateral branch leaves and young leaves on the lateral branches. The number of 4-cell glandular hairs per leaf was high in the upper leaves on the main stem with a large leaf area, while the distribution density was remarkably high in the second lateral branch leaves, which were the youngest. Twenty-nine essential oil components were identified. A high percentage content of methyl eugenol, which was specifically observed in the early growth stage, was observed in the lower leaves on the main stem and proximal leaves on the first lateral branches. In the early growth stage, during which these leaves are dominant, the percentage of methyl eugenol was high. When the ratio of the number of these leaves to total leaf number decreased as the number of lateral branch leaves increased, the percentage of methyl eugenol rapidly decreased. Conversely, the percentage of 1,8-cineol and linalool, which increased as growth progressed, was high in the upper leaves on the main stem and young leaves on the lateral branches. Thus it was also shown that the percentage of these components increased as the number of lateral branch leaves increased

Silenced Expression of NFKBIA in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with a Never-smoking History

Nuclear factor of κ-light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor α (NFKBIA), which is a tumor suppressor gene, was found to be silenced in lung adenocarcinomas. We examined NFKBIA expression, mutations in the EGFR and K-ras genes, and EML4-ALK fusion in 101 resected lung adenocarcinoma samples from never-smokers. NFKBIA expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. NFKBIA expression was negative in 16 of the 101 samples (15.8%). EGFR and K-ras mutations and EML4-ALK fusion were detected in 61 (60.5%), 1 (1.0%), and 2 (2.0%) of the 101 samples, respectively, in a completely mutually exclusive manner. Negative NFKBIA expression was observed significantly more frequently among the tumors with none of the three genetic alterations compared to those with such alterations (p＝0.009). In addition, negative NFKBIA expression was significantly more frequent among the EGFR-wild type samples compared to the EGFR-mutant samples (p＝0.013). In conclusion, NFKBIA expression was silenced in adenocarcinomas without EGFR/K-ras mutations or EML4-ALK fusion, suggesting that the silencing of NFKBIA may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of adenocarcinomas independent of EGFR/K-ras mutations or EML4-ALK fusion

Novel anti‐tumor mechanism of galanin receptor type 2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102710/1/cas12315.pd

ナスタチウム ノ ハナメ ハッタツ カテイ ト カイカ ニ オヨボス オンド ノ エイキョウ

ナスタチウムの花芽発達過程を観察し,開花に及ぼす温度の影響を検討した。4～6月のガラス室内における栽培では,花芽分化は播種23日後に,開花は播種44日後に観察された。花芽発達過程は6段階に分類でき,それらは分化初期,がく片形成期,雄ずい形成期,花弁形成・雄ずい発達期,花弁発達期,雌ずい発達期であった。花弁よりも雄ずいが先行して発達する現象が確認された。30/25℃では開花数が激減し,生育が著しく抑制された。30/25℃の花芽はがく片形成期から雄ずい形成期で発達が停止しており,高温によって発生したブラインドが開花数減少の原因となっていた。Floral initiation and development of nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) was examined. Flower bud differentiation occurred at 23 days and bloomed 44 days after sowing in the greenhouse from April to June. Flower bud was axillary and developmental stages of nasturtium were divided into 6 stages : (I) differentiation stage, (II) sepal differentiation stage, (III) stamen differentiation stage, (IV) petal differentiation and stamen formation stage, (V) petal formation stage, (VI) pistil development stage and flower opened. The elongation of petal was delayed as compared with the stamens. Numbers of flowering and growth were severely inhibited at 30/25℃. Flower bud development stopped from the sepal differentiation stage to the stamen differentiation stage because of blind induced by high temperature

スイコウハーブ ノ ネナラビニ ネノ ブンピツブツ ガ アオガレビョウキン ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

本試験では,ハーブ類が青枯病菌に対して示す発病抑制の作用機構の解明を目的に,ハーブ根の抗菌活性を検討すると共に,ハーブを水耕した培養液を分析して,根からの抗菌物質の溶出の可能性について検討した。抗菌活性試験の結果,ハーブ根の基部,中間部では主にハーブ根圏微生物によるものと考えられる阻止帯が形成され,先端部では主にハーブ分泌物によるものと考えられる阻止帯が形成された。また,ハーブ根圏微生物由来阻止帯から分離した根圏微生物は,青枯病菌に対して抗菌効果を示すことを確認した。さらに,7種のハーブを水耕した培養液では,スイートバジルからオイゲノールを,タイムからチモールを検出したが,これらの精油成分は様々な微生物に抗菌効果を示すことが知られている。以上のことから,今回供試した7種のハーブは,根からの分泌物の抗菌性だけでなく,基部から中間部の発育の進んだ部位の根で青枯病菌に抗菌作用を持つ微生物と共存するなど,複合的に青枯病への抵抗性を有している可能性が考えられた。In order to determine how herbs showed antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum, inhibition zone by excised herb roots was measured and secreted essential oil components in the nutrient solutions were detected by gas chromatograph. The herbs used in this study were sweet basil, perilla, oregano, thyme, roman chamomile, german chamomile and fennel. The roots of these herbs showed antibacterial activity. The basal part of herb roots produced an inhibition zone by the action of microbes in the rhizosphere environment. These microbes showed antibacterial activity in vitro. On the other hand, the distal part of roots produced an inhibition zone by the action of secretion of essential oils. In addition, essential oil components with antibacterial activity, i.e., eugenol and thymol, were detected in the nutrient solutions grown with basil and thyme, respectively. These results indicate that the herbs used in this experiment show antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum, possibly because of the presence of microbes in rhizosphere conditions and secretion of essential oils

スイート バジル ノ ハナメ ハッタツ カテイ

スイートバジルの花芽の発達過程を光学顕微鏡と走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察した。花芽発達段階は,0 : 未分化,1 : 肥厚期,2 : 分化初期,3 : 分化期,4 : がく片分化期,5 : 花弁分化期,6 : 雄ずい分化期,7 : 雌ずい分化期と8 : 雌ずい発達期の9ステージに分類できた。スイートバジルを昼温30℃/夜温25℃,12時間日長で栽培したところ,花芽分化は播種33日後に,開花は播種58日後にみられた。スイートバジルの子房の内部では4個の胚珠が発達したが,子房壁はほとんど肥厚しなかった。子房壁は肥大せずに4個の痩果となり,薄くて硬い子房壁が内部の種子を覆っていた。Flower bud development of sweet basil was observed by using scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. Floral stages of sweet basil were divided into 9 stages : 0) vegetative stage, 1) thickening stage, 2) pre-differentiation stage, 3) differentiation stage, 4) sepal differentiation stage, 5) petal differentiation stage, 6) stamen differentiation stage, 7) pistil differentiation stage and 8) pistil development stage. Flower bud differentiation occurred at 33 days and bloomed 58 days after sowing under 30℃ daytime and 25℃ nighttime temperature, respectively. Regarding sweet basil, since the ovary wall was thin, each ovary developed like the shape of ovules. Sweet basil is an indehiscent fruit plant and makes achenes. A thin and hard mericarp enclosed the inner seed

スイートバジル ニ オケル ハ ノ センモウブンプミツドケイソクホウホウ ノ カンイカ

スイートバジル葉の簡易な腺毛分布密度計測方法を検討するために,葉面積の拡大がみられなくなった完全展開葉を,基部,中部,先端部に分割して,各葉片の腺毛分布密度と葉全体の腺毛分布密度を比較した。その結果,主枝の下位節葉,中位節葉,上位節葉のいずれにおいても,先端部から基部に向かうほど腺毛分布密度が高いことが明らかになった。また,中部葉片の腺毛分布密度と葉全体の腺毛分布密度がほぼ一致した。すなわち,完全展開葉においては,主脈を境に葉を分割した半葉の中部葉片の腺毛分布密度を葉全体の腺毛分布密度とみなすことができる。また,それをもとに中部葉片と葉全体との面積比率および中部葉片の腺毛数から葉全体の腺毛数を推定することができる。The aim of this study was to devise a simple and timesaving method of estimating the trichome density on sweet basil leaves. Fully expanded leaves, sampled from upper, middle and lower nodes on the main axis, were cut into two halves along the midrib, and both halves were further divided into three leaf parts at the point of equal midrib length perpendicularly to the midrib. The distribution density of glandular trichomes on the abaxial side of these leaf parts of either halves tended to decrease according as the distance from the base increased. The glandular trichome density in the middle leaf part coincided with that measured for the entire leaf. Thus, the glandular trichome density in the middle leaf part can be used as a reliable estimate of that on the entire leaf. This method can save time by about 70% as compared with counting out the glandular trichome density on the entire leaf. In addition, multiplying the glandular trichome density on the middle leaf part by the area of the entire leaf relative to that of the middle leaf part can give a close estimate of the total number of glandular trichomes on the entire leaf

サラダヤサイ ロケット ノ セイイク オヨビ ヒンシツ ニ オヨボス オンド ノ エイキョウ

昼温/夜温を20/15℃,25/20℃および30/25℃に制御した人工光ファイトロン内で,近年サラダ用として我が国で生産が開始されたロケット(Eruca sativa, ロケットサラダ,ルッコラ,ガルギール,アルーグラなどとも呼ばれる。和名はキバナスズシロ)を育て,サラダ野菜としての生育と品質に及ぼす温度の影響を検討した。50日後の地上部新鮮重は20/15℃区で最も大きく,高温ほど劣る傾向にあった。葉色については,明度L*値は25/20℃区および30/25℃区,色度a*値は20/15℃区,色度b*値は30/25℃区で高く,20/15℃区は緑色が濃く,30/25℃区は黄色味を帯びていた。官能検査の結果,外観の評点は30/25℃区で低く,香りおよび辛味の評点は30/25℃区で高かった。総合的評価であるサラダとしての好みの評点は20/15℃区で高く,温度が高いほど低下する傾向にあった。辛味成分イソチオシアネートの葉における濃度は高温ほど高かった。以上のように,サラダ用野菜としての生育および品質に対しては20/15℃が最適であった。Japanese growers recently began to produce rocket (Eruca sativa, referred to as rocket salad, rucola, arugula, or gargeer in English and kibanasuzushiro in Japanese) as a salad vegetable. Rocket was grown in artificially lit phytotrons with day/night temperatures controlled at 20℃/15℃, 25℃/20℃, or 30℃/25℃ to study the effects of temperature on the growth and quality of the salad vegetable. The fresh above-ground weight after 50 days was largest in the 20℃/15℃ plot and tended to decrease with temperature increase. The leaf color measurements were high in the 25℃/20℃ and 30℃/25℃ plots for L*value, in the 20℃/15℃ plot for a* value, and in the 30℃/25℃ plot for b* value ; leaves were greenest in the 20℃/15℃ plot and yellowish in the 30℃/25℃ plot. A sensory evaluation gave a low score to the 30℃/25℃ plot in appearance but high scores in aroma and pungency. The 20℃/15℃ plot was given a high overall score with respect to preference as a salad vegetable, which tended decrease with temperature increase. The leaf concentration of isothiocyanate, which imparts pungency, increased with temperature increase. As described above, the optimal day/night temperatures were 20℃/15℃ for the growth and quality of rocket as a salad vegetable

スイートバジル ノ ハ ノ チャクセイイチ ニ ヨル コウキ セイブン オヨビ セイユ セイブン ノ ヘンカ

着生位置を異にするスイートバジルの葉の香りをガスクロマトグラフィーのヘッドスペース法による香気成分と水蒸気蒸留法で得た精油成分で比較検討した。葉の香気成分は,主枝葉,側枝葉ともα-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineol, linaloolの4成分が検出され,1,8-cineolの割合が最も高かった。低沸点成分であるα-pineneとβ-pineneは水蒸気蒸留法では極めて少なかったが,ヘッドスペース法では5%内外と多かった。同じく低沸点成分である1,8-cineolは水蒸気蒸留法では5%以下であったのに対して,ヘッドスペース法では30%以上と多かった。こうしたことから,生葉の香りに対しては低沸点成分が重要な役割を果たしていることが明らかとなった。Summary : The flavor of fresh sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves from different locations was investigated by the comparison between flavor components in head space method and essential oil components in steam distillation method for gas chromatography. Four flavor components which were α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineol and linalool were identified in the fresh leaves on the main stem and lateral branch by head space method and 1,8-cineol showed the highest percentage. α-pinene and β-pinene with low boiling point which were detected only very little by steam distillation method, were detected about 5% by head space method. Similarly, 1,8-cineol which occupied under 5% of essential oil, was detected above 30% by head space method. Therefore, these components with low boiling point had on important role in the flavor of fresh leaves