BREAST FEEDING PRIORITIES: THE EXAMPLE OF ACTIVITY OF MATERNITY AND CHILDHOOD PROTECTION SERVICES IN BURYAT REPUBLIC

The priority of breast feeding was observed taking into account a demographic setting in our country at present. The role of maternity and childhood protection services in Buryat republic in popularization of breast feeding was shown. The need of further introduction of new organizational technologies in improvement of health state of newborns was noted.Key words: breast feeding, maternity and childhood protection services, organizational technologies

ЭЛЕМЕНТНЫЙ СТАТУС ДЕТЕЙ БАЙКАЛЬСКОГО РЕГИОНА

One of the main factors for the degree of adverse effects on humans is a lack of macro-and microelement intake, a violation of their ratios in the diet, which directly effects on the body's activity and may manifest a decrease in resistance and ability to adapt. In the course of the investigation on the elemental status of the children population, a study was conducted on the selected hair samples of Buryat nationality children of the preschool age living in Ulan-Ude. Fifty children of preschool age (4-6 years). Analysis of the available data on the quantitative content of chemical elements in the hair of preschool children showed that, there is a significant spread of insufficiency of essential macro- and microelements in general, primarily iodine (in 70.5% of those examined), silicon (43.2%), and magnesium (27.3), zinc (47.7%), copper (84.1%), cobalt (79.5%). There is also a fairly high occurrence of excess phosphorus (25%) and boron (45.5%), sodium and potassium (60%), calcium (18.2%). Comparison of the results of multi-element hair analysis with height, weight and body mass index (BMI) of preschool children shows that these anthropometric parameters correlate negatively, mainly with the content of ecotoxicants in the hair and positively with the level of magnesium and zinc essential elements.Одним из основных факторов по степени неблагоприятного воздействия на человека является недостаток в поступлении макро- и микроэлементов, нарушение их соотношений в рационе питания, что непосредственно сказывается на деятельности организма и может проявляться снижением сопротивляемости и способности к адаптации. В ходе выполнения работы по изучению элементного статуса детского населения было проведено исследование отобранных образцов волос детей бурятской национальности дошкольного возраста, проживающих в г. Улан-Удэ. Обследовано 50 детей дошкольного возраста (4-6 лет). Анализ имеющихся данных о количественном содержании химических элементов в волосах детей дошкольного возраста показал, что в целом характерно значительное распространение недостаточности эссенциальных макро- и микроэлементов, в первую очередь йода (у 70,5% обследованных), кремния (43,2%), магния (27,3), цинка (47,7%), меди (84,1%), кобальта (79,5%). Также наблюдается достаточно высокая встречаемость избыточного содержания фосфора (25%) и бора (45,5%), натрия и калия (60%), кальция (18,2%). Сопоставление результатов многоэлементного анализа волос с ростом, весом и индексом массы тела дошкольников показывает, что указанные антропометрические параметры коррелируют отрицательно, главным образом с содержанием в волосах металлов-экотоксикантов, и положительно - с уровнем эссенциальных элементов магния и цинка

The problem of food safety in modern conditions

The proportion of local food in the Republic of Buryatia according to the criteria of a minimum permissible self-sufficiency rate (lim) approved by the Doctrine indicates that the Republic provides only 46.1% of local meat and meat products production for its needs (in the Russian Federation it is 74.6% with the required level of 85%). There is an increase in the share of imported meat and meat products from 30.1% to 57.5%. As for the potato availability it is fully satisfied, and over-indexes the consumption level of 74% (in the Russian Federation it is 2%). During the analyzed period the eggs and egg products production in the Republic was increased by 11%, the volume of imported products was increased by 1.7 times, self-sufficiency rate is 33.1%. There is a low self-sufficiency rate of fruits and berries - 10.6% and in the Russian Federation - 33%. The volume of imported vegetable products increased by 2.5 times mainly due to the imported products. The self-sufficiency rate of in the Republic of Buryatia was 70.8%, in Russia it is 80.5%. For the food safety integrated assessment of the Republic of Buryatia a normalized indicator was calculated. It takes into account the local products hurdles in the commodity total volume for the food main types that is 49.9%. The food safety in the Republic of Buryatia is estimated as low due to the total absence of some producing: vegoil, sugar, meat, fish, fruits and vegetables. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved

ОБОГАЩЕНИЕ СЕЛЕНОМ ХЛЕБОБУЛОЧНЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ СЕЛЕНСОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ СОЛОДОВОЙ МУКОЙ

The medical monitoring of the assessment of modern consumption of selenium and iodine in basic food products (bakery products) conducted in the Irkutsk region showed an insufficient number of these trace elements. The deficiency of selenium in the human body significantly increases the likelihood of various diseases. A technology of production of bread with a high content of selenium is developed. The increase in the amylolytic activity of malt under the action of sodium selenite was shown to be 1.6 times compared with the control for wheat malt and 1.2 times for rye and barley malt. It was determined that in order to obtain wheat dough enriched with selenium, it is necessary to replace wheat flour with malt flour in an amount of 2.5% of the total mass. The content of selenium in the products was determined by the fluorometric method. The concentration of selenium in the resulting bread was 120-223 µg/kg dry weight and was highest when using rye malt enriched with selenium. It is found that the consumption of 300 g of fresh bread, baked with the malt, enriched with selenium, can provide the human body with 32% to 60% of the daily nutritional need in selenium. Physical and chemical parameters of the test semi-finished products and finished bread indicate a positive effect of different types of malt enriched with selenium on the quality of the products, in particular increasing the porosity of bread. Correlations identified between: the selenium content in the malt, in the bread, the figure of weight loss of the dough during fermentation, the porosity of bread and the selenium content in bread.Проведенный в Иркутской области медицинский мониторинг оценки современного потребления селена и йода в основных продуктах питания (хлебобулочных изделиях) показал недостаточное количество этих микроэлементов. Разработана технология производства хлеба с повышенным содержанием селена. Изучены эффективность обогащения селеном пшеничного, ржаного и ячменного солода селенитом натрия (0,033 г/л) и влияние на качество хлеба их добавок в виде порошка. Показано возрастание амилолитической активности солода под действием селенита натрия в 1,6 раза по сравнению с контролем для пшеничного солода и в 1,2 раза - для ржаного и ячменного солода. Концентрация селена в получаемом хлебе составила 120-223 мкг/кг сухой массы и была наибольшей при использовании ржаного солода, обогащенного селеном. Установлено, что потребление 300 г свежего хлеба, выпеченного с использованием солода, обогащенного селеном, может обеспечить поступление в организм человека от 32 до 60% суточной потребности человека в селене. Физико-химические показатели тестовых полуфабрикатов и готового хлеба свидетельствуют о положительном влиянии различных видов солода, обогащенных селеном, на качество получаемой продукции, в частности увеличения пористости хлеба. Выявлены корреляционные взаимосвязи между содержанием селена в солоде, в хлебе, показателем потери массы теста при брожении, пористостью хлеба и содержанием селена в хлебе

Assessment of health risks caused by overweight in children depending on the FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism

In this study, we aimed to estimate the association between the rs9939609 FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) polymorphism and a risk of overweight in children living in the Baikal region. We performed a case – control study that included 113 schoolchildren living in industrial centers of the Baikal region (Irkutsk, Angarsk, and Ulan-Ude). Anthropometric parameters were measured and body mass index was calculated with its values being ranked in accordance with the WHO BMI curves depending on a sex and age. Genotyping of the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism was performed by allele-specific amplification with real-time results detection. To assess likelihood of an association between the FTO gene allele and overweight and obesity, relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The assessment revealed the A allele of the rs9939609 FTO polymorphism to be by 1.29 times more frequent in the examined children with overweight and obesity (48.44 %) than in the children form the reference group (37.65 %). The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was authentically associated with likelihood of elevated risks of overweight and obesity in children with the homozygous AA genotype (RR = 2.806, 95 % CI: 1.650–4.772; STD = 0.271). Our study confirms that the rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene is a risk factor of overweight and obesity for children from the Baikal region who have the A allele of the homozygous AA genotype. Prevailing frequency of the TT genotype (29.2 %) as compared with the AA genotype (10.62) is likely due to influence of assimilation processes on urbanized territories in the Baikal region

Elemental status of the adult able-bodied population of the Republic of Buryatia

Introduction. The study of the elemental status of the population of individual regions of the Russian Federation with the purpose of scientific development and implementation of measures for elimination of revealed elementosis is a promising direction for preventive medicine. The aim of the study is to study the elemental status of the adult able-bodied population of the Republic of Buryatia, which was part of the Siberian Federal district (SFD) until 2018. Materials and methods. The analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) on the basis of the accredited laboratory of “Center of biotic medicine”. (Moscow; ISO 9001:2008 certificate 54Q10077 from 21.05.2010). The content of chemical elements in the hair of 130 adults (102 women and 28 men) aged 25–50 years was studied. This indicator serves as an indicator in assessing the impact of the environment on the human body. Methods of nonparametric statistics were used for mathematical processing of the data. Results. For women living in the Republic of Buryatia, the maximum values of Zn, increased levels of Cu, Li, Si were re-vealed; for men — the maximum values of Mg, Cr, Si, increased levels of P, Li, Se, V, Pb. Minimum values were found for P, Fe, V. Elemental status indicates a significant degree of prevalence of essential trace element deficiencies and electrolyte imbalance. The obtained data can be used as reference values for the content of chemical elements in the hair of adults living in the Republic of Buryatia. Conclusions: Elemental analysis of the population of the Republic of Buryatia indicates imbalances among the adult working-age population. © 2019, Institut meditsiny truda RAMN. All rights reserved

ОЦЕНКА ОБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ РАЦИОНОВ ПИТАНИЯ ПРОВОДНИКОВ ПАССАЖИРСКИХ ВАГОНОВ ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ МОНГОЛИИ МАКРО- И МИКРОНУТРИЕНТАМИ

The purpose of the study is the development of preventive measures aimed at maintaining health and reducing occupational risks for the conductors of passenger cars of the Mongolian railway on the basis of an assessment of their health status and provision of rational nutrition. The study was carried out at workplaces for the conductors of passenger cars of OJSC Ulan-Bator Railway; the state of health was studied according to morbidity data with temporary disability and the results of periodic medical examinations in dynamics; nutritional status was carried out using the computer program «Analysis of human nutritional status.» Inconsistency with the principles of rational nutrition was revealed: diet imbalance, protein-lipid orientation and high energy value of the diet with a simultaneous lack of consumption of vitamins and essential minerals. A very high degree of professional conditionality of diseases of the circulatory system and genitourinary system and almost complete professional conditionality of diseases of the class “pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period” were established. A set of organizational, technical and medical and preventive measures has been developed aimed at optimizing working conditions, reducing the overall and professionally caused incidence of the conductors of passenger cars of the Mongolian railway, as well as the most optimal diet, taking into account the peculiarities of labor activity, which are put into practice and are used in activities medical and transport services of the Ulan-Bator railway.Цель исследования - для разработка профилактических мероприятий, направленных на сохранение здоровья и снижение профессиональных рисков проводников пассажирских вагонов железной дороги Монголии оценить их состояние здоровья, обеспеченности рациональным питанием, в частности Ca, Mg, P, К, Fe и другими макро- и микронутриентами. Исследование выполнялось на рабочих местах проводников пассажирских вагонов ОАО «Улан-Баторская железная дорога»; состояние здоровья изучалось по данным заболеваемости с временной утратой трудоспособности и результатов периодических медицинских осмотров в динамике; состояние питания проводилось с использованием компьютерной программы «Анализ состояния питания человека». Выявлено несоответствие принципам рационального питания: несбалансированность рациона питания, белково-липидная направленность и высокая энергетическая ценность рациона с одновременным недостатком потребления витаминов и эссенциальных минеральных веществ. Установлена очень высокая степень профессиональной обусловленности болезней системы кровообращения и мочеполовой системы и почти полная профессиональная обусловленность болезней по классу «беременность, роды и послеродовой период». Разработан комплекс организационно-технических и медико-профилактических мероприятий, направленных на оптимизацию условий труда, снижение общей и профессионально обусловленной заболеваемости проводников пассажирских вагонов железной дороги Монголии, а также наиболее оптимальный рацион питания, учитывающий особенности трудовой деятельности, которые внедрены в практику и используются в деятельности медицинской и транспортной служб Улан-Баторской железной дороги