Взаимосвязь полиморфных локусов, расположенных в промоторных областях генов VEGF (rs699947 и rs2010963), ICAM1 (rs281437) и ET-1 (rs1800541), с уровнем соответствующих белковых продуктов в сыворотке крови и риском развития алкогольного цирроза печени

Background: Uncontrolled use of alcohol can lead to the development of cirrhosis of the liver, which is manifested by fibrosis with the formation of regenerative nodes, an increase in pressure in the portal vein system and impaired liver function. Hepatic endothelium dysfunction during the formation of portal hypertension is accompanied by an increase in the level of protein molecules involved in the functioning of the endothelium: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), a soluble form of the intercellular adhesion molecule (s-ICAM-1) and endothelin-1 (ET -one). It is assumed that elevated levels of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (AHC) may be interconnected with the structure of polymorphic loci, the promoter regions of the respective genes, which in turn may be a genetic risk factor for developing cirrhosis.Aims: Investigate the relationship of carriage of variant forms of polymorphic loci located in the promoter regions of VEGF-A, ICAM-1 and ET-1 with the level of the corresponding proteins in the blood serum and the risk of AHC.Materials and methods: The main group consisted of patients with pathological dependence on alcohol, aggravated by cirrhosis of the liver (AHC, n=60). The control group consisted of persons suffering from alcohol abuse, without liver pathology (AA, n=24). The observation period was the period of hospitalization. The serum levels of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. The distribution of variant forms of polymorphic loci located in the promoter regions of the VEGF-A genes (rs699947 and rs2010963), ICAM1 (rs281437) and ET-1 (rs1800541) in the studied sample was performed by real-time PCR.Results: The development of alcoholic cirrhosis was accompanied by a significant increase in the concentration of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 in serum. At the same time, direct correlations between the concentrations of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 in serum and the diameter of the portal vein in persons with liver cirrhosis were revealed. Patients with AHC are often carriers of the G allele of rs1800541 locus, located in the promoter of the ET-1 gene, compared with individuals suffering from control without liver pathology, which is associated with an increased risk of developing cirrhosis in alcohol dependence. The carriage of the C allele rs699947, as well as the C allele rs2010963 located in the promoter of the VEGF gene was associated with an increased level of VEGF-A in the AHC compared to carriers of this allele in the AA group. In addition, in the group of patients with AHC, carriers of allele C, homozygous CC genotype and heterozygous GC genotype of rs2010963 locus compared with carriers of G allele or homozygous GG genotype, respectively, were characterized by elevated serum VEGF-A levels.Conclusion: Carrier allele G of the rs1800541 locus (ET-1) is a risk factor for liver cirrhosis with alcohol abuse. The carriage of the C allele rs699947, as well as the C allele rs2010963 located in the promoter of the VEGF gene, can determine the elevated serum VEGF-A level in the AHC.Обоснование. Неконтролируемое употребление алкоголя может обусловливать развитие цирроза печени, который проявляется фиброзом с образованием узлов-регенератов, повышением давления в системе воротной вены и нарушением функции печени. Дисфункция печеночного эндотелия при формировании портальной гипертензии сопровождается повышением уровня молекул белковой природы, участвующих в функционировании эндотелия, ― васкулоэндотелиального фактора роста А (VEGF-A), растворимой формы молекулы межклеточной адгезии (s-ICAM-1) и эндотелина-1 (ET-1). Предполагается, что повышенный уровень VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 и ET-1 при алкогольном циррозе печени (АЦП) может быть взаимосвязан со строением полиморфных локусов промоторных областей соответствующих генов, что в свою очередь может являться генетическим фактором риска развития цирроза печени.Цель ― исследовать взаимосвязь носительства вариантных форм полиморфных локусов, расположенных в промоторных областях VEGF-A, ICAM-1 и ET-1, с уровнем соответствующих белков в сыворотке крови и риском развития АЦП.Методы. Основную группу составили пациенты с патологической зависимостью от алкоголя, отягощенной циррозом печени (АЦП, n=60). Группу контроля составили лица, страдающие алкогольной зависимостью, без патологии печени (АЗ, n=24). Период наблюдения равнялся периоду госпитализации. Содержание VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 и ET-1 в сыворотке крови оценивали посредством иммуноферментного анализа. Распределение вариантных форм полиморфных локусов, расположенных в промоторных областях генов VEGF-A (rs699947 и rs2010963), ICAM1 (rs281437) и ET-1 (rs1800541), в исследуемой выборке проводили с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени.Результаты. Развитие алкогольного цирроза печени сопровождалось значительным повышением концентрации VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 и ET-1 в сыворотке крови. При этом были выявлены прямые корреляционные отношения между значениями концентрации VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 и ET-1 в сыворотке крови и диаметром портальной вены у лиц с циррозом печени. Пациенты с АЦП чаще являются носителями аллеля G локуса rs1800541, расположенного в промоторе гена ET-1, по сравнению с лицами, страдающими АЗ без патологии печени, что сопряжено с повышенным риском развития цирроза при алкогольной зависимости. Носительство аллеля С локуса rs699947, а также аллеля С локуса rs2010963, расположенных в промоторе гена VEGF, было связано с повышенным уровнем VEGF-A при АЦП по сравнению носителями данного аллеля в группе АЗ. Кроме того, в группе пациентов с АЦП носители аллеля С, гомозиготного генотипа СС и гетерозиготного генотипа GC локуса rs2010963 по сравнению с носителями аллеля G или гомозиготного генотипа GG соответственно характеризовались повышенным уровнем VEGF-A в сыворотке крови.Заключение. Носительство аллеля G локуса rs1800541 (ET-1) является фактором риска развития цирроза печени при злоупотреблении алкоголем. Носительство аллеля С локуса rs699947, а также аллеля С локуса rs2010963, расположенных в промоторе гена VEGF, может определять повышенный уровень VEGF-А в сыворотке крови при АЦП

Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation over Gd(Fe/Mn)O3 Perovskite-Type Catalysts

Abstract: Catalytic properties of GdFeO3 and GdMnO3 perovskite-type oxides in CO hydrogenation processes is conducted. Complex oxides Gd(Fe/Mn)O3 are synthesized by the sol–gel technology and characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the iron-containing catalyst has fairly high catalytic characteristics; therefore, it provides lower temperatures of carbon monoxide hydrogenation. The presence of manganese in the catalyst leads to an increase in light olefin selectivity compared with the sample containing iron at the B-site. It is assumed that gadolinium cations are responsible for dissociative chemisorption, while iron and manganese cations are responsible for the formation of atomic hydrogen. The two catalysts exhibit resistance to carbon deposition. © 2019, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Влияние вида РЗЭ на структуру и каталитическую активность титанатов Ln2Ti2O7

The influence of the Ln type on the crystal, local structure, and catalytic properties of Ln2Ti2O7 titanates (Ln = Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb) was studied. It was shown that Pr2Ti2O7 powder has a monoclinic structure of layered perovskite, and the other Ln2Ti2O7 samples (Ln = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb) have cubic pyrochlore one. It was found that the catalytic activity of Ln titanates in the reaction of propane cracking increases with a decrease in the Ln ionic radius. Anomalous activity of Gd2Ti2O7 was detected.Исследовано влияние вида РЗЭ на кристаллическую, локальную структуру и каталитические свойства титанатов Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln = Pr, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb). Показано, что порошок Pr2Ti2O7 имеет моноклинную структуру слоистого первоскита, а остальные образцы Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb) - кубического пирохлора. Установлено, что каталитическая активность титанатов РЗЭ в реакции крекинга пропана увеличивается с уменьшением ионного радиуса РЗЭ. Обнаружена аномальная активность Gd2Ti2O7

Effect of the Chemical and Phase Composition of Nanocrystalline Gadolinium Complex Oxides on the Propane Cracking Process

Abstract: Effect of the chemical composition and crystal structure type of gadolinium complex oxides on their catalytic activity is studied. It is shown that nanocrystalline powders Gd2Ti2O7, Gd2Zr2O7, and Gd2Hf2O7 form highly symmetrical face-centered сubic crystal structures having localized (in Gd2Ti2O7) and delocalized (in Gd2Zr2O7 and Gd2Hf2O7) oxygen vacancies. At the same time, low-symmetrical crystal structures are formed in Gd2(WO4)3 (the monoclinic structure) and Gd2(МоO4)3 (a mixture of monoclinic and rhombic structures). Catalytic runs show that formation of the cubic structure contributes to an increase in the degree of conversion of propane and causes a shift in cracking temperatures to lower values. Formation of this type of nanocrystalline oxides facilitates the dehydrogenation reaction with propylene selectivity up to 80% at temperatures up to 700 К. Formation of the mixture of monoclinic and rhombic structures in Gd2(МоO4)3 leads to a shift in the degree of conversion to the catalytic temperature range of 700–900 К, in which the dehydrogenation reaction predominates (80%). In the case of the monoclinic structure of Gd2(WO4)3 in the same cracking temperature ranges the process of degradation occurs in parallel; this decreases propylene selectivity to 50% and promotes an increase in the yield of ethylene to 30%. © 2020, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Association of SNPs in the Promoter Regions of VEGF (rs699947 и rs2010963), ICAM1 (rs281437) and ET-1 (rs1800541) with Serum Levels of Related Proteins and Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Risk [Взаимосвязь полиморфных локусов, расположенных в промоторных областях генов VEGF (rs699947 и rs2010963), ICAM1 (rs281437) и ET-1 (rs1800541), с уровнем соответствующих белковых продуктов в сыворотке крови и риском развития алкогольного цирроза печени]

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled use of alcohol can lead to the development of cirrhosis of the liver, which is manifested by fibrosis with the formation of regenerative nodes, an increase in pressure in the portal vein system and impaired liver function. Hepatic endothelium dysfunction during the formation of portal hypertension is accompanied by an increase in the level of protein molecules involved in the functioning of the endothelium: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), a soluble form of the intercellular adhesion molecule (s-ICAM-1) and endothelin-1 (ET -one). It is assumed that elevated levels of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (AHC) may be interconnected with the structure of polymorphic loci, the promoter regions of the respective genes, which in turn may be a genetic risk factor for developing cirrhosis. AIMS: Investigate the relationship of carriage of variant forms of polymorphic loci located in the promoter regions of VEGF-A, ICAM-1 and ET-1 with the level of the corresponding proteins in the blood serum and the risk of AHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The main group consisted of patients with pathological dependence on alcohol, aggravated by cirrhosis of the liver (AHC, n=60). The control group consisted of persons suffering from alcohol abuse, without liver pathology (AA, n=24). The observation period was the period of hospitalization. The serum levels of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. The distribution of variant forms of polymorphic loci located in the promoter regions of the VEGF-A genes (rs699947 and rs2010963), ICAM1 (rs281437) and ET-1 (rs1800541) in the studied sample was performed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The development of alcoholic cirrhosis was accompanied by a significant increase in the concentration of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 in serum. At the same time, direct correlations between the concentrations of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 in serum and the diameter of the portal vein in persons with liver cirrhosis were revealed. Patients with AHC are often carriers of the G allele of rs1800541 locus, located in the promoter of the ET-1 gene, compared with individuals suffering from control without liver pathology, which is associated with an increased risk of developing cirrhosis in alcohol dependence. The carriage of the C allele rs699947, as well as the C allele rs2010963 located in the promoter of the VEGF gene was associated with an increased level of VEGF-A in the AHC compared to carriers of this allele in the AA group. In addition, in the group of patients with AHC, carriers of allele C, homozygous CC genotype and heterozygous GC genotype of rs2010963 locus compared with carriers of G allele or homozygous GG genotype, respectively, were characterized by elevated serum VEGF-A levels. CONCLUSION: Carrier allele G of the rs1800541 locus (ET-1) is a risk factor for liver cirrhosis with alcohol abuse. The carriage of the C allele rs699947, as well as the C allele rs2010963 located in the promoter of the VEGF gene, can determine the elevated serum VEGF-A level in the AHC. © 2018 Izdatel'stvo Meditsina. All rights reserved