Паттерны эзофагеальной ацидификации и нарушений моторики при заболеваниях пищевода

Background. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a high prevalence worldwide and plays a major role in the development of Barretts esophagus (BЕ) and, as a consequence, esophageal adenocarcinoma. Aims: to evaluate the patterns of esophageal acidification and esophageal motility in patients with BЕ in comparison with various GERD phenotypes and control subjects. Methods. 100 patients were examined: 31 patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD), 20 patients with erosive reflux disease (ERD), 17 patients with BE, 32 healthy individuals who made up the control group. All patients underwent 24-hours pH-impedance and high-resolution esophageal manometry. Results. According to the 24-hour pH-impedanсe, the total time with pH 4 in the esophagus was 1.9% (95% CI: 1.12.7) in control patients, 11.6% (95% CI: 8.7613.4) in the NERD group, 19.35 (95% CI: 12.7026.05) in the ERD group and 28% (95% CI: 10.0440.96) in patients with BE (p 0.05). The average number of acid refluxes was 18.0 (95% CI: 10.9923.0) in the control group, 58.0 (95% CI: 42.3471.0) in the group with NERD, 78.5 (95% CI: 65.34103.93) in the group with ERD and 89.0 in patients with BE (95% CI: 67.03118.72). Significant differences in the listed indicators were noted when comparing patients with BE and control individuals, as well as the NERD group (p 0.05). The number of acidic refluxes was significantly correlated with the time on the acidification of the esophagus (r = 0.5439; p 0.05). The median time of chemical clearance was 1.55 min (95% CI: 1.192.0) in control subjects, 2.4 min (95% CI: 1.652.94), in the NERD group, 2.85 min (95% CI: 1.803.84) in the ERD group, and 3 min (95% CI: 2.14.68) in the BE group. The analysis of the mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) revealed a tendency to decrease the values in patients with GERD relative to the control subjects, and there was a decrease in the values of MNBI as the severity of GERD ― from NERD to ERD and BE (p 0.05). Manometric signs of hiatal hernia and/or hypotension of the lower esophageal sphincter were more often registered in the groups of patients with ERD (70%) and BE (65%) than in patients with NERD (32%) and in control group (12%). In addition, the frequency of such esophageal motor disorders as ineffective motility and absent contractility were significantly more often observed in patients with ERD and BE (75% and 77%, respectively) compared with patients with NERD (22.5%) and control subjects (12,5%). Conclusions. Increase in level of total time with pH 4, number of acid refluxes, slowing chemical clearance, reduced values of MNBI, as well as disorders of the structure and function of the esophagogastric junction and motility of the esophagus are associated with the severity of аcid pathology of the esophagus.Обоснование. Гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь (ГЭРБ) имеет высокую распространенность во всем мире и играет главную роль в развитии пищевода Барретта и, как следствие, аденокарциномы пищевода. Цель ― оценить характер эзофагеальной ацидификации и моторики пищевода у пациентов с пищеводом Барретта в сравнении с различными фенотипами ГЭРБ и лицами контроля. Методы. Обследовано 100 пациентов: 31 пациент с неэрозивной рефлюксной болезнью, 20 пациентов с эрозивной рефлюксной болезнью, 17 пациентов с пищеводом Барретта, 32 здоровых человека, cоставивших контрольную группу. Всем пациентам проводились суточная рН-импедансометрия и манометрия пищевода высокого разрешения. Результаты. По данным суточной рН-импедансометрии, общее время с рН 4 в пищеводе составило 1,9% (95% доверительный интервал, ДИ, 1,12,7) у лиц контроля, 11,6% (95% ДИ 8,7613,4) в группе пациентов с неэрозивной рефлюксной болезнью, 19,35% (95% ДИ 12,7026,05) в группе эрозивной рефлюксной болезни и с наибольшими значениями у больных пищеводом Барретта ― 28% (95% ДИ 10,0440,96). Среднее количество кислых рефлюксов составило 18,0 (95% ДИ 10,9923,0); 58,0 (95% ДИ 42,3471,0); 78,5 (95% ДИ 65,34103,93) и 89,0 (95% ДИ 67,03118,72) соответственно. Статистически достоверные различия в исследуемых показателях были отмечены при сравнении пациентов с пищеводом Барретта и лицами контроля, а также группой неэрозивной рефлюксной болезни (p 0,05). Количество кислых рефлюксов достоверно коррелировало с показателем времени ацидификации пищевода (r = 0,5439; p 0,05). Медиана времени химического клиренса составила 1,55 мин (95% ДИ 1,192,0) у лиц контроля, 2,4 мин (95% ДИ 1,652,94) в группе неэрозивной рефлюксной болезни, 2,85 мин (95% ДИ 1,803,84) в группе эрозивной рефлюксной болезни и 3 мин (95% ДИ 2,14,68) у пациентов с пищеводом Барретта. При анализе среднего ночного базального импеданса выявлена тенденция к снижению значений данного показателя у пациентов с ГЭРБ относительно лиц контроля, а также отмечалось снижение значений среднего ночного базального импеданса по мере возрастания тяжести ГЭРБ ― от неэрозивной к эрозивной фазе рефлюксной болезни и пищеводу Барретта (p 0,05). Манометрические признаки грыжи пищеводного отверстия диафрагмы и/или гипотонии нижнего пищеводного сфинктера чаще регистрировались в группах пациентов с эрозивной рефлюксной болезнью (70%) и пищеводом Барретта (65%), чем у пациентов с неэрозивной рефлюксной болезнью (32%) и у здоровых лиц (12%). Помимо этого, частота таких двигательных нарушений грудного отдела пищевода, как неэффективная моторика и отсутствие сократимости, достоверно чаще наблюдалась у пациентов с эрозивной рефлюксной болезнью и пищеводом Барретта (75 и 77% соответственно) в сравнении с больными неэрозивной рефлюксной болезнью (22,5%) и лицами контроля (12,5%). Заключение. Увеличение уровня экспозиции кислоты, количества кислых рефлюксов, замедление химического клиренса, снижение значений среднего ночного базального импеданса, а также расстройства структуры и функции пищеводно-желудочного перехода и моторики грудного отдела пищевода ассоциированы с тяжестью кислотозависимой патологии пищевода

Патоморфоз воспалительных заболеваний кишечника

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are immune-mediated diseases and usually manifest at a young age. They are requires in a long-term treatment or surgery with a high probability of surgical intervention. IBDs are accompanied by a decrease in working capacity, impaired quality of life and social disadaptation. However, timely diagnosis with using modern diagnostic methods, the use of evidence-based immunosuppressive and biological therapy significantly changed the pathomorphosis of this disease. But despite the achievements of the pharmacotherapy, the incidence and prevalence of IBD are still increasing, a demand for surgery remains both for Crohn`s disease and ulcerative colitis throughout all the period of illness. At the same time there is a trend towards the variability of symptoms, mismatch of the clinical symptoms with the real severity of inflammation, increase of a number of patients with extraintestinal manifestations and resistance to induction and maintenance therapies. In addition to this, the observation of this group of patients is complicated due to the difficulty of the early diagnosis and differential analysis of IBD, the need of early induction treatment according to the guidelines and the lack of adherence to the therapy.Воспалительные заболевания кишечника (ВЗК) относятся к иммуноопосредованным заболеваниям, которые обычно манифестируют в молодом возрасте, требуют пожизненной патогенетической терапии с частым решением вопроса о хирургическом вмешательстве, что сопровождается снижением трудоспособности, нарушением качества жизни и социальной дезадаптации. Однако своевременная диагностика с использованием современных диагностических методов, применение иммуносупрессивной и биологической терапии привели к значительному, с позиции доказательной медицины, патоморфозу данных заболеваний. Несмотря на достижения фармакотерапии, отмечается рост заболеваемости и распространенности ВЗК, сохраняется потребность в хирургических вмешательствах как при болезни Крона, так и при язвенном колите на протяжении всего периода заболевания, но при этом отмечается трансформация течения ВЗК в сторону большей вариабельности симптоматики, несоответствия клинических симптомов с реальной тяжестью воспаления, роста доли пациентов с внекишечными проявлениями и резистентностью к препаратам индукционной и базисной терапии. Вместе с тем существуют проблемы при курации пациентов данной категории: трудности в ранней диагностике и дифференциальной диагностике ВЗК, наличие опыта и навыков диагностики внекишечных проявлений, необходимость раннего и своевременного начала терапии с учетом существующих рекомендаций, недостаточная приверженность пациентов к терапии и др

Measurement of the Bs0→J/ψKS0B_s^0\to J/\psi K_S^0 branching fraction

The $B_s^0\to J/\psi K_S^0$ branching fraction is measured in a data sample corresponding to 0.41$fb^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected with the LHCb detector at the LHC. This channel is sensitive to the penguin contributions affecting the sin2$\beta$ measurement from $B^0\to J/\psi K_S^0$ The time-integrated branching fraction is measured to be $BF(B_s^0\to J/\psi K_S^0)=(1.83\pm0.28)\times10^{-5}$. This is the most precise measurement to date

Model-independent search for CP violation in D0→K−K+π−π+ and D0→π−π+π+π− decays

A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0 and View the MathML source decays to the final states K−K+π−π+ and π−π+π+π− is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For the K−K+π−π+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the π−π+π+π− final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity

Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓

A search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0  fb-1 of pp collisions at √s=7  TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ candidates is consistent with background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions of both decays are determined to be B(Bs0→e±μ∓)101  TeV/c2 and MLQ(B0→e±μ∓)>126  TeV/c2 at 95% C.L., and are a factor of 2 higher than the previous bounds

Absolute luminosity measurements with the LHCb detector at the LHC

Absolute luminosity measurements are of general interest for colliding-beam experiments at storage rings. These measurements are necessary to determine the absolute cross-sections of reaction processes and are valuable to quantify the performance of the accelerator. Using data taken in 2010, LHCb has applied two methods to determine the absolute scale of its luminosity measurements for proton-proton collisions at the LHC with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. In addition to the classic "van der Meer scan" method a novel technique has been developed which makes use of direct imaging of the individual beams using beam-gas and beam-beam interactions. This beam imaging method is made possible by the high resolution of the LHCb vertex detector and the close proximity of the detector to the beams, and allows beam parameters such as positions, angles and widths to be determined. The results of the two methods have comparable precision and are in good agreement. Combining the two methods, an overall precision of 3.5% in the absolute luminosity determination is reached. The techniques used to transport the absolute luminosity calibration to the full 2010 data-taking period are presented.Comment: 48 pages, 19 figures. Results unchanged, improved clarity of Table 6, 9 and 10 and corresponding explanation in the tex

Absolute luminosity measurements with the LHCb detector at the LHC

Absolute luminosity measurements are of general interest for colliding-beam experiments at storage rings. These measurements are necessary to determine the absolute cross-sections of reaction processes and are valuable to quantify the performance of the accelerator. Using data taken in 2010, LHCb has applied two methods to determine the absolute scale of its luminosity measurements for proton-proton collisions at the LHC with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. In addition to the classic "van der Meer scan" method a novel technique has been developed which makes use of direct imaging of the individual beams using beam-gas and beam-beam interactions. This beam imaging method is made possible by the high resolution of the LHCb vertex detector and the close proximity of the detector to the beams, and allows beam parameters such as positions, angles and widths to be determined. The results of the two methods have comparable precision and are in good agreement. Combining the two methods, an overall precision of 3.5% in the absolute luminosity determination is reached. The techniques used to transport the absolute luminosity calibration to the full 2010 data-taking period are presented.Comment: 48 pages, 19 figures. Results unchanged, improved clarity of Table 6, 9 and 10 and corresponding explanation in the tex

Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions BR(B0 -> K*0 gamma)/BR(Bs0 -> phi gamma) and the direct CP asymmetry in B0 -> K*0 gamma

The ratio of branching fractions of the radiative B decays B0 -> K*0 gamma and Bs0 phi gamma has been measured using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb-1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The value obtained is BR(B0 -> K*0 gamma)/BR(Bs0 -> phi gamma) = 1.23 +/- 0.06(stat.) +/- 0.04(syst.) +/- 0.10(fs/fd), where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions fs/fd. Using the world average value for BR(B0 -> K*0 gamma), the branching fraction BR(Bs0 -> phi gamma) is measured to be (3.5 +/- 0.4) x 10^{-5}. The direct CP asymmetry in B0 -> K*0 gamma decays has also been measured with the same data and found to be A(CP)(B0 -> K*0 gamma) = (0.8 +/- 1.7(stat.) +/- 0.9(syst.))%. Both measurements are the most precise to date and are in agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical expectations.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figues, 4 table

Absolute luminosity measurements with the LHCb detector at the LHC

Absolute luminosity measurements are of general interest for colliding-beam experiments at storage rings. These measurements are necessary to determine the absolute cross-sections of reaction processes and are valuable to quantify the performance of the accelerator. Using data taken in 2010, LHCb has applied two methods to determine the absolute scale of its luminosity measurements for proton-proton collisions at the LHC with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. In addition to the classic "van der Meer scan" method a novel technique has been developed which makes use of direct imaging of the individual beams using beam-gas and beam-beam interactions. This beam imaging method is made possible by the high resolution of the LHCb vertex detector and the close proximity of the detector to the beams, and allows beam parameters such as positions, angles and widths to be determined. The results of the two methods have comparable precision and are in good agreement. Combining the two methods, an overall precision of 3.5% in the absolute luminosity determination is reached. The techniques used to transport the absolute luminosity calibration to the full 2010 data-taking period are presented.Comment: 48 pages, 19 figures. Results unchanged, improved clarity of Table 6, 9 and 10 and corresponding explanation in the tex

Branching fraction and CP asymmetry of the decays B+→K0Sπ+ and B+→K0SK+

An analysis of B+ → K0 Sπ+ and B+ → K0 S K+ decays is performed with the LHCb experiment. The pp collision data used correspond to integrated luminosities of 1 fb−1 and 2 fb−1 collected at centre-ofmass energies of √ s = 7 TeV and √ s = 8 TeV, respectively. The ratio of branching fractions and the direct CP asymmetries are measured to be B(B+ → K0 S K+ )/B(B+ → K0 Sπ+ ) = 0.064 ± 0.009 (stat.) ± 0.004 (syst.), ACP(B+ → K0 Sπ+ ) = −0.022 ± 0.025 (stat.) ± 0.010 (syst.) and ACP(B+ → K0 S K+ ) = −0.21 ± 0.14 (stat.) ± 0.01 (syst.). The data sample taken at √ s = 7 TeV is used to search for B+ c → K0 S K+ decays and results in the upper limit ( fc · B(B+ c → K0 S K+ ))/( fu · B(B+ → K0 Sπ+ )) < 5.8 × 10−2 at 90% confidence level, where fc and fu denote the hadronisation fractions of a ¯b quark into a B+ c or a B+ meson, respectively