12 research outputs found
Lower back pain: clinical features and examination of patients
This article discusses the clinical and paraclinical aspects of pain syndromes of the lumbosacral localization. The past medical history (including the working conditions of the patient and the presence of constant stress), physical and paraclinical examination, and assessment of psychological condition are important for establishing the correct diagnosis. It should be noted that there is no strict parallelism between the presence of back pain and the results of paraclinical examination of the spine. Therefore, the comprehensive assessment of the patient's clinical status, including the state of the musculoskeletal system, has a leading value for correct diagnosis and selection of therapy. Increasing pain when coughing or sneezing is noted in patients with discogenic pain syndromes; the development of pain along the root innervation often occurs simultaneously with the reduction of localized pain in the lumbar region. The diagnostic value of the radiography and neuroimaging data is unquestioned; however, these methods allow one to evaluate mainly the anatomical rather than pathophysiological changes. The direct dependence between the anatomical changes and the clinical situation is not typical of back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is when the injury level is unclear and the clinical examinationΒ data indicate pathology of the spinal cord or soft tissues. Moreover, MRI data help either to eliminate or confirm a tumor or the inflammatory nature of the pain syndrome. MRI is also an informative method in patients who have undergone surgery for vertebral pathology. Computed tomography is an effective diagnosis method only in those cases where the symptomatology clearly indicates the injury level and the bone changes are the pain cause with a high degree of probability. Electromyography (EMG) is very informative in patients with radiculopathies; it allows one to evaluate the pathophysiological changes in such patients. However, there usually is no need for using EMG upon clinically apparent lesion of the root. In a number of cases, additional information can be obtained using blocks with an analgesics or pain-provoking agents. The lack of close relation between the neuroimaging data and the clinical aspect of a disease may underlie the unreasonably broad application of these methods and overestimation of their results. Hence, there may emerge undue anxiety, since both the patient and the physician can set an unreasonably high value on paraclinical data, while the actual role of these results is insignificant. Upon that, an incorrect assessment of the situation results in inadequate and ineffective therapy
ΠΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ)Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Pink Floyd "Wish You Were Here"
The article discusses the clinical features and pathogenesis of synesthesia using Pink Floyd's text "Wish you Were Here". High frequency of occurrence of this phenomenon among persons of creative professions is emphasized. The results of modern methods of neuroimaging are presented, according to which, during synesthesia, activation of the cortical zones associated withcused on the disorders processes of inhibition of cerebral multimodal afferent pathways, which can lead to the occurrence of this phenomenon. As the most probable cause of the development of synesthesia is considered not the activation of one or another area of the cortex, but changes of the human connectome, which leads to the disorders of sensory processes, attention and cognitive control.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Pink Floyd Β«Wish You Were HereΒ» ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·. ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΊΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡ, Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ
ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠ₯ΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠ Π£Π¨ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ―Π₯
The deals with the features of mental disorders in neurological diseases - dementia, epilepsy, Parkinsonβs and Huntingtonβs diseases, multiple sclerosis. It is emphasized that psychopathological syndromes are not pathognomony for certain neurological diseases. Among the signs that help in the correct diagnosis of mental disorders caused by neurological pathology, their sudden occurrence on heteronomy soil with very variable and atypical for mental diseases of clinical manifestations, the absence of aggravated by mental illness (including family) history, resistance to the drugs commonly used in psychiatric pathology, the patientβs intake of drugs, among side effects which are mental disorders. In the diagnosis, the key is the correct assessment of neurological status, its dynamics, as well as confirmed by paraclinical research methods, in patients with neurological diseases, which in themselves can lead to the development of mental disorders. However, ignoring the features of mental disorders, the lack of a clinically adjusted approach to this category of patients, difficulties in highlighting the most significant symptoms, can lead to misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is so important to know not only the neurological manifestations of certain neurological diseases, but also to properly navigate their mental manifestations. To solve this problem, it is necessary to closely interact psychiatrists with neurologists. Only with this condition will it be possible to effectively help the patient.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
- Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ
, ΡΠΏΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ, Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ (Π² Ρ.Ρ. ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ) Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π°, ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ
The use of electronic technologies in medicine
The active devoted of the information technologies in medicine significantly facilitates the work of a doctor, but also creates a number of problems. One of them is related to the use in practice of documents on electronic media, including electronic medical records, and is related to personal information about the patient, which is strictly confidential and which can be stolen by unauthorized access using the capabilities of the Internet and especially social networks. Another problem associated with the use of electronic media is the possibility of uncontrolled introduction of false or erroneous information about the patient. One way to avoid mistakes associated with transferring information about one patient to an electronic document of another is to strictly identify each block of information. The importance of modern distance and multimedia teaching methods in the teaching process is emphasized. It is concluded that the future development of medical education in general, and the teaching of nervous diseases in particular, is associated with the combination of traditional methods with the capabilities of modern technical methods. Despite all the objective difficulties, it is vital to correct the situation. And here the professional experience of the doctor plays an important role. Given the fact that the use of these technologies is expanding more and more every year, the understanding of the complexities associated, with the ethical component of these methods, must be taken into account now. Β© 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved
Π£ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°
Cognitive impairment is a frequent manifestation of dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment are distinguished by severity. It is necessary to detect cognitive impairment as early as possible, since timely adequate therapy can significantly improve the prognosis. Therefore, in recent years, more and more attention is paid to the problem of moderate cognitive disorders. The prevalence of the syndrome of moderate cognitive disorders among people over 65 years of age is from 11 to 17%. In most cases, they are treated as precursory form of vascular dementia. Long-term observations show that moderate cognitive disorders are transformed into dementia in the course of a year in 10-15% of the cases, which is 5-10 times higher than the risk of dementia in the general population of the elderly. The diagnosis is based on patient's complaints, data obtained by neuropsychological tests and clinical evaluation of patient's daily activities. Neuropsychological research methods are used to objectify the diagnosis. Cognitive disorders of vascular genesis can be significantly compensated in case of timely diagnosis and adequate pathogenetic therapy of the underlying disease. Based on the modern ideas about the pathogenesis of mild cognitive disorders in dyscirculatory encephalopathy, it is very promising to use drugs that improve cerebral metabolism and have neuroprotective properties. One of the drugs with a pronounced metabolic effect is Cerebrolysin. Its multimodal neurospecific effect is well known, and its neurotrophic activity, which is similar to that of natural neurotrophic factors, has been confirmed. Cerebrolysin increases the density of synapses and induces neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Also, Cerebrolysin promotes the formation of highly differentiated GABA-ergic neurons from undifferentiated stem cells in the hippocampal region.ΠΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ 65 Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡ 11 Π΄ΠΎ 17%. Π Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² 10-15% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² 5-10 ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΠΠΠ-Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ
ΠΠΎΠ»Ρ: ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅,ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
The review article analyzes the current data on the pathogenesis of pain. With the help of functional neuroimaging, it was shown that in response to nociceptive stimuli, there is a more extensive activation of cerebral connections than was previously thought. The importance of functional connections providing integrated coordination of brain structures activation was also demonstrated. At the same time, spontaneous cerebral oscillations and changes in the function of attention play an important role in the process of feeling pain. The process of pain chronification is associated with changes in neuronal connections and their dynamics. At the same time, changes in the emotional sphere and cognitive reactions are also important. It is concluded that the obtained data open up new opportunities for the development of methods of influence that can reduce or completely eliminate of pain of various origins.Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°
Ethics and medicine
The article deals with the problem of ethical constituent both in medical and teaching practice. As to the medical practice, its ethical component is treated as an obligatory one, no matter what physician specialty is. That is why, the importance of ethical aspects in medicine increases greatly now. Neurology is one of the quickly developing disciplines, new data being obtained on etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of diseases previously considered incurable. Clinical tests of new drugs demand patients Informed Consent, this being one of the important ethical aspects of medical practice. The importance of the problem is illustrated by the examples of ethically unacceptable experiments on human beings in the United States after the Second World War and The Nuremberg Tribunal. Ethical issues that arise in the teaching process are considered. Ethical problems arising from the use of electronic technique of medical information storage are also analyzed. As to the teaching practice in higher medical institutions, its main ethical constituent concerns moral aspects of medical students training. Β© 2020, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved
Pain syndrome due to dorsopathy in prospects of pregnancy [ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π]
Dorsopathy is diagnosed in 25-90 % of pregnant women, in 40 % of women it persists for 14-18 months after delivery. The leading symptom complex of dorsopathy is low back pain, pelvic girdle pain and their combination. The consequences of underdiagnosis of dorsopathies are expressed in the erroneous diagnosis of Β«Threatened miscarriageΒ» and the unreasonable appointment of hormone therapy with progestins. The etiopathogenesis of neurological syndromes of the lumbar spine that developed during pregnancy is diverse and not yet fully understood. Its basis is formed by hormonal changes (increased levels of progesterone, estrogen, relaxin), which, possibly, contribute to a change in the structure of articular ligaments. The increasing weight of the uterus leads to a shift in the center of gravity of the pregnant woman, hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine and tilt of the pelvis anteriorly, tilt of the neck forward, extension of the head and upper back, extension of the knees, flattening of the feet. Vascular changes due to pregnancy contribute to impaired blood supply to muscle structures in the lower back and pelvic organs, although no reliable evidence has yet been obtained. Promising are the studies of molecular markers of the structurally functional usefulness of tendons and ligaments, which determine the activity of all musculoskeletal components. An objective assessment of pain due to dorsopathies during pregnancy remains extremely difficult and not always feasible. Prevention and the choice of effective therapy during pregnancy for variants of dorsopathies remain debatable and limited. This review systematizes modern ideas on this issue. Β© 2020 Stavropol State Medical University. All rights reserved
Tinnitus: clinical and pathogenetic aspects [Tinnitus: kliniko-patogeneticheskie aspekty]
The article discusses the pathogenetic and clinical features of tinnitus. It is emphasized that various causes contribute to the appearance of tinnitus, including somatic diseases, excess body weight, iatrogenies, otological diseases with an outcome in hearing loss. The anatomical and physiological features of the structure of the central part of the auditory system are considered. It is suggested that the occurrence of tinnitus is associated with the processes of maladaptive neuroplasticity caused by pathological changes in the neuronal activity of cortical structures of the CNS, and not with changes in the peripheral part of the auditory analyzer - the structures of the cochlea. The results of recent studies, including those using functional neuroimaging methods, indicate the significance of cortical connection disorders (human connectome) in patients with tinnitus. In patients with tinnitus, there are changes in regional neuronal activity and connections not only in the auditory cortex, but also in areas not directly related to the analysis of auditory afferentation. Thus, tinnitus can be considered as one of the variants of dysfunction of the human connectome, triggered primarily from the Β«auditory inputΒ».Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠ° (ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°). ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΄Π° Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π°Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π¦ΠΠ‘, Π° Π½Π΅ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ° β ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ (ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ°) Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ. Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π·Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ Β«ΡΠ»ΡΡ
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