12 research outputs found

    Lower back pain: clinical features and examination of patients

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    This article discusses the clinical and paraclinical aspects of pain syndromes of the lumbosacral localization. The past medical history (including the working conditions of the patient and the presence of constant stress), physical and paraclinical examination, and assessment of psychological condition are important for establishing the correct diagnosis. It should be noted that there is no strict parallelism between the presence of back pain and the results of paraclinical examination of the spine. Therefore, the comprehensive assessment of the patient's clinical status, including the state of the musculoskeletal system, has a leading value for correct diagnosis and selection of therapy. Increasing pain when coughing or sneezing is noted in patients with discogenic pain syndromes; the development of pain along the root innervation often occurs simultaneously with the reduction of localized pain in the lumbar region. The diagnostic value of the radiography and neuroimaging data is unquestioned; however, these methods allow one to evaluate mainly the anatomical rather than pathophysiological changes. The direct dependence between the anatomical changes and the clinical situation is not typical of back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is when the injury level is unclear and the clinical examinationΒ data indicate pathology of the spinal cord or soft tissues. Moreover, MRI data help either to eliminate or confirm a tumor or the inflammatory nature of the pain syndrome. MRI is also an informative method in patients who have undergone surgery for vertebral pathology. Computed tomography is an effective diagnosis method only in those cases where the symptomatology clearly indicates the injury level and the bone changes are the pain cause with a high degree of probability. Electromyography (EMG) is very informative in patients with radiculopathies; it allows one to evaluate the pathophysiological changes in such patients. However, there usually is no need for using EMG upon clinically apparent lesion of the root. In a number of cases, additional information can be obtained using blocks with an analgesics or pain-provoking agents. The lack of close relation between the neuroimaging data and the clinical aspect of a disease may underlie the unreasonably broad application of these methods and overestimation of their results. Hence, there may emerge undue anxiety, since both the patient and the physician can set an unreasonably high value on paraclinical data, while the actual role of these results is insignificant. Upon that, an incorrect assessment of the situation results in inadequate and ineffective therapy

    АбСррации Π°Ρ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (синСстСзии)Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Pink Floyd "Wish You Were Here"

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    The article discusses the clinical features and pathogenesis of synesthesia using Pink Floyd's text "Wish you Were Here". High frequency of occurrence of this phenomenon among persons of creative professions is emphasized. The results of modern methods of neuroimaging are presented, according to which, during synesthesia, activation of the cortical zones associated withcused on the disorders processes of inhibition of cerebral multimodal afferent pathways, which can lead to the occurrence of this phenomenon. As the most probable cause of the development of synesthesia is considered not the activation of one or another area of the cortex, but changes of the human connectome, which leads to the disorders of sensory processes, attention and cognitive control.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ тСкста ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Pink Floyd Β«Wish You Were HereΒ» Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ клиничСскиС особСнности синСстСзий ΠΈ обсуТдаСтся ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·. ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ высокая частота встрСчаСмости Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° срСди Π»ΠΈΡ† творчСских профСссий. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ соврСмСнных ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, согласно ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ синСстСзиях отмСчаСтся активация ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π·ΠΎΠ½, связанных с ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° синСстСзий. АкцСнтируСтся Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ингибирования Ρ†Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Ρ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… связСй, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ возникновСнию Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°. Π’ качСствС Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ вСроятной ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ развития синСстСзий рассматриваСтся Π½Π΅ активация Ρ‚ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, Π° измСнСния всСго ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ сСнсорных процСссов, внимания ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контроля

    ΠžΠ‘ΠžΠ‘Π•ΠΠΠžΠ‘Π’Π˜ ПБИΠ₯Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π₯ ΠΠΠ Π£Π¨Π•ΠΠ˜Π™ ПРИ ΠΠ•Π’Π ΠžΠ›ΠžΠ“Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠ˜Π₯ Π—ΠΠ‘ΠžΠ›Π•Π’ΠΠΠ˜Π―Π₯

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    The deals with the features of mental disorders in neurological diseases - dementia, epilepsy, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases, multiple sclerosis. It is emphasized that psychopathological syndromes are not pathognomony for certain neurological diseases. Among the signs that help in the correct diagnosis of mental disorders caused by neurological pathology, their sudden occurrence on heteronomy soil with very variable and atypical for mental diseases of clinical manifestations, the absence of aggravated by mental illness (including family) history, resistance to the drugs commonly used in psychiatric pathology, the patient’s intake of drugs, among side effects which are mental disorders. In the diagnosis, the key is the correct assessment of neurological status, its dynamics, as well as confirmed by paraclinical research methods, in patients with neurological diseases, which in themselves can lead to the development of mental disorders. However, ignoring the features of mental disorders, the lack of a clinically adjusted approach to this category of patients, difficulties in highlighting the most significant symptoms, can lead to misdiagnosis. Therefore, it is so important to know not only the neurological manifestations of certain neurological diseases, but also to properly navigate their mental manifestations. To solve this problem, it is necessary to closely interact psychiatrists with neurologists. Only with this condition will it be possible to effectively help the patient.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ особСнности психичСских Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ нСврологичСских заболСваниях - дСмСнциях, эпилСпсии, болСзнях ΠŸΠ°Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π“Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½Π°, рассСянном склСрозС. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом подчСркиваСтся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ психопатологичСскиС синдромы Π½Π΅ носят ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ для ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… нСврологичСских Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ диагностикС психичСских Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, обусловлСнных нСврологичСской ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΡ… Π²Π½Π΅Π·Π°ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π³Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π²Π΅ с вСсьма Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ для психичСских Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ клиничСскими проявлСниями, отсутствиС отягощСнного ΠΏΠΎ психичСским заболСваниям (Π² Ρ‚.Ρ‡. сСмСйного) Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π°, Ρ€Π΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ примСняСмым ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ психиатричСской ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², срСди ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… эффСктов ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… психичСскиС Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π’ диагностикС ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° нСврологичСского статуса, Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ параклиничСских ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² исслСдования, Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… нСврологичСских Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ сами ΠΏΠΎ сСбС ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ психичСских расстройств. Однако ΠΈΠ³Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ особСнностСй психичСских Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, отсутствиС клиничСски Π²Ρ‹Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, затруднСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Ρ… симптомов, ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ привСсти ΠΊ ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ диагностикС. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ нСврологичСскиС проявлСния Ρ‚Π΅Ρ… ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… нСврологичСских Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ Π² ΠΈΡ… психичСских проявлСниях. Для Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ тСсноС взаимодСйствиС психиатров с Π½Π΅Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ. Π›ΠΈΡˆΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ этом условии удастся эффСктивно ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ

    The use of electronic technologies in medicine

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    The active devoted of the information technologies in medicine significantly facilitates the work of a doctor, but also creates a number of problems. One of them is related to the use in practice of documents on electronic media, including electronic medical records, and is related to personal information about the patient, which is strictly confidential and which can be stolen by unauthorized access using the capabilities of the Internet and especially social networks. Another problem associated with the use of electronic media is the possibility of uncontrolled introduction of false or erroneous information about the patient. One way to avoid mistakes associated with transferring information about one patient to an electronic document of another is to strictly identify each block of information. The importance of modern distance and multimedia teaching methods in the teaching process is emphasized. It is concluded that the future development of medical education in general, and the teaching of nervous diseases in particular, is associated with the combination of traditional methods with the capabilities of modern technical methods. Despite all the objective difficulties, it is vital to correct the situation. And here the professional experience of the doctor plays an important role. Given the fact that the use of these technologies is expanding more and more every year, the understanding of the complexities associated, with the ethical component of these methods, must be taken into account now. Β© 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved

    Π£ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ расстройства сосудистого Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°

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    Cognitive impairment is a frequent manifestation of dyscirculatory encephalopathy. Mild, moderate, and severe cognitive impairment are distinguished by severity. It is necessary to detect cognitive impairment as early as possible, since timely adequate therapy can significantly improve the prognosis. Therefore, in recent years, more and more attention is paid to the problem of moderate cognitive disorders. The prevalence of the syndrome of moderate cognitive disorders among people over 65 years of age is from 11 to 17%. In most cases, they are treated as precursory form of vascular dementia. Long-term observations show that moderate cognitive disorders are transformed into dementia in the course of a year in 10-15% of the cases, which is 5-10 times higher than the risk of dementia in the general population of the elderly. The diagnosis is based on patient's complaints, data obtained by neuropsychological tests and clinical evaluation of patient's daily activities. Neuropsychological research methods are used to objectify the diagnosis. Cognitive disorders of vascular genesis can be significantly compensated in case of timely diagnosis and adequate pathogenetic therapy of the underlying disease. Based on the modern ideas about the pathogenesis of mild cognitive disorders in dyscirculatory encephalopathy, it is very promising to use drugs that improve cerebral metabolism and have neuroprotective properties. One of the drugs with a pronounced metabolic effect is Cerebrolysin. Its multimodal neurospecific effect is well known, and its neurotrophic activity, which is similar to that of natural neurotrophic factors, has been confirmed. Cerebrolysin increases the density of synapses and induces neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Also, Cerebrolysin promotes the formation of highly differentiated GABA-ergic neurons from undifferentiated stem cells in the hippocampal region.ΠšΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ частым проявлСниСм дисциркуляторной энцСфалопатии. По стСпСни тяТСсти Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ тяТСлыС ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. НСобходимо максимально Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π΅ выявлСниС ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ своСврСмСнноС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ позволяСт сущСствСнно ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π² послСдниС Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ всС большСС Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ удСляСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… расстройств. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ синдрома ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… расстройств срСди Π»ΠΈΡ† ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅ 65 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ составляСт ΠΎΡ‚ 11 Π΄ΠΎ 17%. Π’ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅ случаСв ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ прСддСмСнтная Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° сосудистой Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. Π”Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ наблюдСния ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² 10-15% случаСв Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ расстройства Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² 5-10 Ρ€Π°Π· ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ риск развития Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ популяции ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΡ†. Π”ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ· основываСтся Π½Π° ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°, Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ нСйропсихологичСских тСстов ΠΈ клиничСской ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ повсСднСвной Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°. Для ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ нСйропсихологичСскиС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ исслСдования. ΠšΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ сосудистого Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° Π² случаС своСврСмСнной диагностики ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ патогСнСтичСской Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ основного заболСвания ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ компСнсированы. Π˜ΡΡ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· соврСмСнных прСдставлСний ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… расстройств ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ дисциркуляторной энцСфалопатии, прСдставляСтся вСсьма пСрспСктивным ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ†Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ свойствами. Одним ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ мСтаболичСским дСйствиСм являСтся Ρ†Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½. Π˜Π·Π²Π΅ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ нСйроспСцифичСскоС дСйствиС ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π° нСйротрофичСская Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, сходная с Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Ρƒ СстСствСнных нСйротрофичСских Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ способствуСт ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ плотности синапсов ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π· Π² области Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ†Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ½ способствуСт Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π² области Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΏΠ° высокодиффСрСнцированных Π“ΠΠœΠš-СргичСских Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… стволовых ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊ

    Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ: патогСнСтичСскиС,клиничСскиС ΠΈ тСрапСвтичСскиС аспСкты

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    The review article analyzes the current data on the pathogenesis of pain. With the help of functional neuroimaging, it was shown that in response to nociceptive stimuli, there is a more extensive activation of cerebral connections than was previously thought. The importance of functional connections providing integrated coordination of brain structures activation was also demonstrated. At the same time, spontaneous cerebral oscillations and changes in the function of attention play an important role in the process of feeling pain. The process of pain chronification is associated with changes in neuronal connections and their dynamics. At the same time, changes in the emotional sphere and cognitive reactions are also important. It is concluded that the obtained data open up new opportunities for the development of methods of influence that can reduce or completely eliminate of pain of various origins.Π’ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ соврСмСнныС Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ†Π΅ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стимулы происходит Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½Π°Ρ активация Ρ†Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… связСй, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ это ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° продСмонстрирована ΠΈ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… связСй, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ структур Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом Π² процСссС ощущСния Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ спонтанныС Ρ†Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π±Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ осцилляции ΠΈ измСнСния Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ внимания. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅ΡΡ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ связан с измСнСниями Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… связСй, ΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ этом ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ измСнСния Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ сфСрС, ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. ДСлаСтся Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности для Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² воздСйствия, способных ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ совсСм ΠΈΠ·Π±Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°

    Ethics and medicine

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    The article deals with the problem of ethical constituent both in medical and teaching practice. As to the medical practice, its ethical component is treated as an obligatory one, no matter what physician specialty is. That is why, the importance of ethical aspects in medicine increases greatly now. Neurology is one of the quickly developing disciplines, new data being obtained on etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of diseases previously considered incurable. Clinical tests of new drugs demand patients Informed Consent, this being one of the important ethical aspects of medical practice. The importance of the problem is illustrated by the examples of ethically unacceptable experiments on human beings in the United States after the Second World War and The Nuremberg Tribunal. Ethical issues that arise in the teaching process are considered. Ethical problems arising from the use of electronic technique of medical information storage are also analyzed. As to the teaching practice in higher medical institutions, its main ethical constituent concerns moral aspects of medical students training. Β© 2020, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved

    Pain syndrome due to dorsopathy in prospects of pregnancy [Π‘ΠžΠ›Π•Π’ΠžΠ™ Π‘Π˜ΠΠ”Π ΠžΠœ ПРИ Π”ΠžΠ Π‘ΠžΠŸΠΠ’Π˜Π˜ Π’ ΠŸΠ•Π Π‘ΠŸΠ•ΠšΠ’Π˜Π’Π• Π‘Π•Π Π•ΠœΠ•ΠΠΠžΠ‘Π’Π˜]

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    Dorsopathy is diagnosed in 25-90 % of pregnant women, in 40 % of women it persists for 14-18 months after delivery. The leading symptom complex of dorsopathy is low back pain, pelvic girdle pain and their combination. The consequences of underdiagnosis of dorsopathies are expressed in the erroneous diagnosis of Β«Threatened miscarriageΒ» and the unreasonable appointment of hormone therapy with progestins. The etiopathogenesis of neurological syndromes of the lumbar spine that developed during pregnancy is diverse and not yet fully understood. Its basis is formed by hormonal changes (increased levels of progesterone, estrogen, relaxin), which, possibly, contribute to a change in the structure of articular ligaments. The increasing weight of the uterus leads to a shift in the center of gravity of the pregnant woman, hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine and tilt of the pelvis anteriorly, tilt of the neck forward, extension of the head and upper back, extension of the knees, flattening of the feet. Vascular changes due to pregnancy contribute to impaired blood supply to muscle structures in the lower back and pelvic organs, although no reliable evidence has yet been obtained. Promising are the studies of molecular markers of the structurally functional usefulness of tendons and ligaments, which determine the activity of all musculoskeletal components. An objective assessment of pain due to dorsopathies during pregnancy remains extremely difficult and not always feasible. Prevention and the choice of effective therapy during pregnancy for variants of dorsopathies remain debatable and limited. This review systematizes modern ideas on this issue. Β© 2020 Stavropol State Medical University. All rights reserved

    Tinnitus: clinical and pathogenetic aspects [Tinnitus: kliniko-patogeneticheskie aspekty]

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    The article discusses the pathogenetic and clinical features of tinnitus. It is emphasized that various causes contribute to the appearance of tinnitus, including somatic diseases, excess body weight, iatrogenies, otological diseases with an outcome in hearing loss. The anatomical and physiological features of the structure of the central part of the auditory system are considered. It is suggested that the occurrence of tinnitus is associated with the processes of maladaptive neuroplasticity caused by pathological changes in the neuronal activity of cortical structures of the CNS, and not with changes in the peripheral part of the auditory analyzer - the structures of the cochlea. The results of recent studies, including those using functional neuroimaging methods, indicate the significance of cortical connection disorders (human connectome) in patients with tinnitus. In patients with tinnitus, there are changes in regional neuronal activity and connections not only in the auditory cortex, but also in areas not directly related to the analysis of auditory afferentation. Thus, tinnitus can be considered as one of the variants of dysfunction of the human connectome, triggered primarily from the Β«auditory inputΒ».Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ патогСнСтичСскиС ΠΈ клиничСскиС особСнности ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡˆΡƒΠΌΠ° (тиннитуса). ΠŸΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ появлСнию тиннитуса ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, срСди ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… соматичСскиС заболСвания, избыточная масса Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ряда лСкарствСнных ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², отологичСскиС заболСвания с исходом Π² Ρ‚ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΡƒΡ…ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎ-физиологичСскиС особСнности строСния Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ части слухового Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°. ВысказываСтся ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ тиннитуса связано с процСссами ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ нСйропластичности, обусловлСнной патологичСскими измСнСниями Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ активности ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… структур ЦНБ, Π° Π½Π΅ с собствСнно измСнСниями пСрифСричСской части слухового Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° β€” структур ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² послСднСС врСмя исслСдований, Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС с использованиСм ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ значимости Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… связСй (ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°) Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с тиннитусом. Π£ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с ΡˆΡƒΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ… ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ измСнСния Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ активности ΠΈ связСй Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² слуховой ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…, нСпосрСдствСнно с Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ слуховой Π°Ρ„Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ связанных. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡˆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡˆΡƒΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² дисфункции всСго ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ°, запускаСмой прСимущСствСнно со «слухового Π²Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β»
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