A MODEST review

We present an account of the state of the art in the fields explored by the research community invested in 'Modeling and Observing DEnse STellar systems'. For this purpose, we take as a basis the activities of the MODEST-17 conference, which was held at Charles University, Prague, in September 2017. Reviewed topics include recent advances in fundamental stellar dynamics, numerical methods for the solution of the gravitational N-body problem, formation and evolution of young and old star clusters and galactic nuclei, their elusive stellar populations, planetary systems, and exotic compact objects, with timely attention to black holes of different classes of mass and their role as sources of gravitational waves. Such a breadth of topics reflects the growing role played by collisional stellar dynamics in numerous areas of modern astrophysics. Indeed, in the next decade, many revolutionary instruments will enable the derivation of positions and velocities of individual stars in the Milky Way and its satellites and will detect signals from a range of astrophysical sources in different portions of the electromagnetic and gravitational spectrum, with an unprecedented sensitivity. On the one hand, this wealth of data will allow us to address a number of long-standing open questions in star cluster studies; on the other hand, many unexpected properties of these systems will come to light, stimulating further progress of our understanding of their formation and evolution.Comment: 42 pages; accepted for publication in 'Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology'. We are much grateful to the organisers of the MODEST-17 conference (Charles University, Prague, September 2017). We acknowledge the input provided by all MODEST-17 participants, and, more generally, by the members of the MODEST communit

Analysis of approaches to treating seasonal allergic rhinitis in pregnant women

Approximately 20-30% of reproductive-aged women suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis, the uncontrolled course of which during pregnancy can not only worsen the quality of life and the course of comorbidities, but also give rise to maternal and fetal hypoxia. Objective. To analyze approaches to treating seasonal allergic rhinitis in pregnant women. Subjects and methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey of physicians (332 therapists and 734 obstetricians/ gynecologists) was conducted within the study “Epidemiology of Medication Use in Pregnant Women” (Stage 2); the clinical guidelines of foreign and Russian professional societies for this problem were analyzed. Results. The physicians rarely indicated topical steroids (8.4%); first-generation antihistamines were the leaders (29.7%); the physicians less often indicated second-generation drugs, such as loratadine (13.8%) and cetirizine (10.7%). Conclusion. In accordance with the guidelines, the approach to treating allergic rhinitis in pregnant women should be the same as applied to other patients; an important part is assigned to nondrug therapies. By taking into account the high prevalence of this disease, it is appropriate to do educational work on this problem among physicians. © Bionika Media Ltd

Analysis of approaches to treating seasonal allergic rhinitis in pregnant women

Approximately 20-30% of reproductive-aged women suffer from seasonal allergic rhinitis, the uncontrolled course of which during pregnancy can not only worsen the quality of life and the course of comorbidities, but also give rise to maternal and fetal hypoxia. Objective. To analyze approaches to treating seasonal allergic rhinitis in pregnant women. Subjects and methods. An anonymous questionnaire survey of physicians (332 therapists and 734 obstetricians/ gynecologists) was conducted within the study “Epidemiology of Medication Use in Pregnant Women” (Stage 2); the clinical guidelines of foreign and Russian professional societies for this problem were analyzed. Results. The physicians rarely indicated topical steroids (8.4%); first-generation antihistamines were the leaders (29.7%); the physicians less often indicated second-generation drugs, such as loratadine (13.8%) and cetirizine (10.7%). Conclusion. In accordance with the guidelines, the approach to treating allergic rhinitis in pregnant women should be the same as applied to other patients; an important part is assigned to nondrug therapies. By taking into account the high prevalence of this disease, it is appropriate to do educational work on this problem among physicians. © Bionika Media Ltd