136 research outputs found
BRST approach to Lagrangian formulation of bosonic totally antisymmeric tensor fields in curved space
We apply the BRST approach, previously developed for higher spin field
theories, to gauge invariant Lagrangian construction for antisymmetric massive
and massless bosonic fields in arbitrary d-dimensional curved space. The
obtained theories are reducible gauge models both in massless and massive cases
and the order of reducibility grows with the value of the rank of the
antisymmetric field. In both the cases the Lagrangians contain the sets of
auxiliary fields and possess more rich gauge symmetry in comparison with
standard Lagrangian formulation for the antisymmetric fields. This serves
additional demonstration of universality of the BRST approach for Lagrangian
constructions in various field models.Comment: 12 page
Coulomb blockade in quantum dots under AC pumping
We study conductance through a quantum dot under Coulomb blockade conditions
in the presence of an external periodic perturbation. The stationary state is
determined by the balance between the heating of the dot electrons by the
perturbation and cooling. We analyze two cooling mechanisms: electron exchange
with the cold contacts and emission of phonons. Together with the usual linear
Ohmic heating of the dot electrons we consider possible effects of dynamic
localization. The combination of the abovementioned factors may result in a
drastic change of the shape of the Coulomb blockade peak with respect to the
usual equilibrium one.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure
Conformal self-dual fields
Conformal self-dual fields in flat space-time of even dimension greater than
or equal to four are studied. Ordinary-derivative formulation of such fields is
developed. Gauge invariant Lagrangian with conventional kinetic terms and
corresponding gauge transformations are obtained. Gauge symmetries are realized
by involving the Stueckelberg fields. Realization of global conformal
symmetries is obtained. Light-cone gauge Lagrangian is found. Also, we
demonstrate use of the light-cone gauge for counting of on-shell degrees of
freedom of the conformal self-dual fields.Comment: 28 pages, LaTeX-2e, v3: Discussion of realization of conformal
algebra symmetries on field strengths added to Sections 3,5. Appendices B,C,D
and one reference added. Typos correcte
Proximity-induced superconductivity in graphene
We propose a way of making graphene superconductive by putting on it small
superconductive islands which cover a tiny fraction of graphene area. We show
that the critical temperature, T_c, can reach several Kelvins at the
experimentally accessible range of parameters. At low temperatures, T<<T_c, and
zero magnetic field, the density of states is characterized by a small gap
E_g<T_c resulting from the collective proximity effect. Transverse magnetic
field H_g(T) E_g is expected to destroy the spectral gap driving graphene layer
to a kind of a superconductive glass state. Melting of the glass state into a
metal occurs at a higher field H_{g2}(T).Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Mesoscopic fluctuations of the supercurrent in diffusive Josephson junctions
We study mesoscopic fluctuations and weak localization correction to the
supercurrent in Josephson junctions with coherent diffusive electron dynamics
in the normal part. Two kinds of junctions are considered: a chaotic dot
coupled to superconductors by tunnel barriers and a diffusive junction with
transparent normal--superconducting interfaces. The amplitude of current
fluctuations and the weak localization correction to the average current are
calculated as functions of the ratio between the superconducting gap and the
electron dwell energy, temperature, and superconducting phase difference across
the junction. Technically, fluctuations on top of the spatially inhomogeneous
proximity effect in the normal region are described by the replicated version
of the \sigma-model. For the case of diffusive junctions with transparent
interfaces, the magnitude of mesoscopic fluctuations of the critical current
appears to be nearly 3 times larger than the prediction of the previous theory
which did not take the proximity effect into account.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, 2 table
Modern approaches to pharmacotherapy of chronic gastritis
The definition of gastritis is based on the histological features of the gastric mucosa. This is not the erythema observed during gastroscopy, and there are no specific clinical manifestations or symptoms that determine it. The modern classification of gastritis is based on time (acute and chronic), histological features, anatomical distribution and the main pathological mechanisms. Acute gastritis will develop into chronic if left untreated. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common cause of gastritis worldwide. However, from 60 to 70% H. pylori-negative subjects with functional dyspepsia or non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux were also found to have gastritis. H. pylori-negative gastritis is considered when a person meets all four of these criteria: negative triple staining of biopsies of the gastric mucosa, no history of treatment of H. pylori. In these patients, the cause of gastritis may be associated with tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and / or the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or steroids. Other causes of gastritis include autoimmune gastritis associated with antibodies of serum anti-parietal and anti-internal factor; organisms other than H. pylori, such as Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, Herpes simplex and Cytomegalovirus; gastritis caused by acid reflux; Rare causes of gastritis include collagen gastritis, sarcoidosis, eosinophilic gastritis and lymphocytic gastritis. The clinical picture, laboratory studies, gastroscopy, as well as histological and microbiological examination of tissue biopsies are important for the diagnosis of gastritis and its causes. Treatment of gastritis caused by H. pylori leads to the rapid disappearance of polymorphic-nuclear infiltration and a decrease in chronic inflammatory infiltrate with gradual normalization of the mucous membrane. Other types of gastritis should be treated based on their etiology
Magnetostimulated Chandges of Microhardness in Potassium Acid Phthalate Crystals
A decrease in microhardness along the (010) cleavage in potassium acid
phthalate single crystals by 15--18% after the application of a permanent
magnetic field was revealed for the first time. It is shown that the effect
revealed is of the volume character. The role of interlayer water in the
processes stimulated by a magnetic field is studied., Interlayer water plays
does not cause the observed changes it only plays the part of an indicator of
these changes in potassium acid phthalate crystals in a magnetic field. It is
established that microhardness in the (100) plane of the crystal in an applied
a magnetic field first increases by 12--15% and then remains constant in time
within the accuracy of the experiment. The possibility of varying the crystal
structure of potassium acid phthalate crystals by applying magnetic fields
inducing rearrangement in the system of hydrogen bonds or in the defect
structure is discussed.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figure
Keldysh action for disordered superconductors
Keldysh representation of the functional integral for the interacting
electron system with disorder is used to derive microscopically an effective
action for dirty superconductors. In the most general case this action is a
functional of the 8 x 8 matrix Q(t,t') which depends on two time variables, and
on the fluctuating order parameter field and electric potential. We show that
this approach reproduces, without the use of the replica trick, the well-known
result for the Coulomb-induced renormalization of the electron-electron
coupling constant in the Cooper channel. Turning to the new results, we
calculate the effects of the Coulomb interaction upon: i) the subgap Andreev
conductance between superconductor and 2D dirty normal metal, and ii) the
Josephson proximity coupling between superconductive islands via such a metal.
These quantities are shown to be strongly suppressed by the Coulomb interaction
at sufficiently low temperatures due to both zero-bias anomaly in the density
of states and disorder-enhanced repulsion in the Cooper channel.Comment: RevTeX; 39 pages + 10 EPS figure
6d conformal gravity
In the framework of ordinary-derivative approach, conformal gravity in
space-time of dimension six is studied. The field content, in addition to
conformal graviton field, includes two auxiliary rank-2 symmetric tensor
fields, two Stueckelberg vector fields and one Stueckelberg scalar field. Gauge
invariant Lagrangian with conventional kinetic terms and the corresponding
gauge transformations are obtained. One of the rank-2 tensor fields and the
scalar field have canonical conformal dimension. With respect to these fields,
the Lagrangian contains, in addition to other terms, a cubic potential. Gauging
away the Stueckelberg fields and excluding the auxiliary fields via equations
of motion, the higher-derivative Lagrangian of 6d conformal gravity is
obtained. The higher derivative Lagrangian involves quadratic and cubic
curvature terms. This higher-derivative Lagrangian coincides with the simplest
Weyl invariant density discussed in the earlier literature. Generalization of
de Donder gauge conditions to 6d conformal fields is also obtained.Comment: 31 pages, LaTeX-2e, v3: Footnotes 8,9,13, clarifying remark below
Eq.(2.30), and references added. Misprints correcte
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