Association of genotypes of cows of the Kholmogory breed by beta-casein with milk productivity

The aim of the study is to identify the frequency of occurrence of various allelic variants and genotypes of beta-casein in cows of the Kholmogory breed and their relationship with dairy productivity. The tasks of the research are genotyping of cattle of the Kholmogory breed by the beta-casein locus and establishing its connection with qualitative and quantitative indicators of dairy productivity. As the objects for the research there were taken 150 cows of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lactation. An allele-specific variant of the PCR method (AS-PCR) was used to identify A1 and A2 beta-casein. As the result it had been established that in the studied part of the herd, 23 % of animals had the A2A2 genotype, 43 % of animals had the A1A1 genotype and 34 % of animals had the A1A2 genotype. For 100 days of the first lactation, animals with A1A2 genotype showed the highest value in milk yield. Animals with A2A2 genotype for 305 days of lactation had the highest milk yield and the amount of milk protein, however, the difference was not statistically significant compared to the animals with A1A2 genotype. Genotype A1A1 has lower indicators by all the parameters studied, with a significant difference relative to genotypes A1A2 and A2A2. Thus, the study of CSN2 is a promising area of scientific research, and the results of the study of beta-casein genotypes can be used as a marker selection in improving the herds of the Kholmogory breed

ГЕПАТИТ Е: НОВАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА ТРАНСПЛАНТОЛОГИИ?

Hepatitis E is enterically transmitted infection and is the cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases. Disease was originally registered only in the developing subtropical and tropical countries and has been connected with I or II genotypes of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Later sporadic hepatitis E has been registered in a number of the deve- loped countries of Western Europe, North America, South East Asia and Ocenia. These cases have been caused, as a rule, by III or IV genotypes of HEV. Until recently it was considered, that the disease is usually self-limited except pregnant women in which HEV infection is more severe, often leading to fulminant liver failure and death in a significant proportion of patients. The current review represents the analysis of publications of the last years reflecting the facts that HEV infection may develop in immunosuppressed patients, in particular in liver transplant recipients, who may then serve as long-term carriers of the virus with progression to cirrhosis. The information on the first attempts of antiviral therapy in these patients is presented. Гепатит Е относится к группе энтеральных гепатитов и может иметь характер как эпидемической, так и спорадической инфекции. Заболевание первоначально регистрировалось только в развивающихся суб- тропических и тропических странах и было связано с заражением I или II генотипами вируса. Позже спо- радический гепатит Е был зарегистрирован в ряде развитых стран Западной Европы, Северной Америки, Юго-Восточной Азии и Океании. Эти случаи были обусловлены инфицированием, как правило, III или IV генотипами вируса гепатита Е (HEV). До недавнего времени считалось, что течение болезни имеет об- ратимый характер и обычно завершается выздоровлением за исключением случаев заражения женщин на поздних сроках беременности, у которых была описана возможность развития фульминантного гепатита. Настоящий обзор посвящен анализу публикаций последних лет, отражающих течение HEV-инфекции у больных с иммунодефицитом, в частности у реципиентов трансплантатов солидных органов, для кото- рых совсем недавно была показана возможность хронизации болезни и трансформации ее в цирроз пече- ни. Представлена информация о первых попытках противовирусной терапии у этих больных.

Bioregulatory therapy in the treatment and prevention of upper respiratory tract diseases in children

Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) are among the most widespread infectious diseases, accounting for up to 90—95% annually in the structure of the registered infectious morbidity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every adult on average a year suffers from respiratory infections 2 times, a schoolchild — 3 times, a preschool child - 6 times. Currently, among this group of infections, only influenza is controlled by annual immunoprophylaxis. According to the results of numerous studies, it has been found that with timely vaccination, flu can be prevented in 80–90% of children and adults. It should also be noted that in the vaccinated, the disease proceeds in a milder form and without complications. Therefore, specific immunoprophylaxis against influenza is the most effective means of protecting a susceptible  organism, helping to reduce the circulation of influenza viruses among the population, which makes it possible to recommend it for the general population. However, most of the viruses belonging to the ARVI group do not lend themselves to specific immunoprophylaxis, therefore, it is necessary to use non-specific means of preventing infections caused by respiratory viruses. In recent years, there has been a tendency for the  widespread use of natural products, which include complex preparations of bioregulatory medicine. This  approach is based on the concept of the complexity of diseases and is aimed at eliminating those dysregulation in biological networks that underlie diseases. The goal of bioregulatory medicine is to improve patient outcomes by maintaining the body’s ability to self-regulate. Drugs related to bioregulatory medicine have antiviral, immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effects. This group of drugs has practically no side effects and toxic  effects, they do not create a pharmacological load on the organs of detoxification and excretion, therefore they can be recommended among the child population. This group of funds includes the drug Engystol®;  Euphorbium compositum®, which is used for rhinitis, sinusitis and rhinosinusitis; Girel®, used as a symptomatic remedy for ARVI, including influenza.The article presents data on the effective use of bioregulatory medicine in the complex therapy and prevention of respiratory viral infections

HEPATITIS E: А NEW PROBLEM IN TRANSPANTOLOGY?

Hepatitis E is enterically transmitted infection and is the cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases. Disease was originally registered only in the developing subtropical and tropical countries and has been connected with I or II genotypes of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Later sporadic hepatitis E has been registered in a number of the deve- loped countries of Western Europe, North America, South East Asia and Ocenia. These cases have been caused, as a rule, by III or IV genotypes of HEV. Until recently it was considered, that the disease is usually self-limited except pregnant women in which HEV infection is more severe, often leading to fulminant liver failure and death in a significant proportion of patients. The current review represents the analysis of publications of the last years reflecting the facts that HEV infection may develop in immunosuppressed patients, in particular in liver transplant recipients, who may then serve as long-term carriers of the virus with progression to cirrhosis. The information on the first attempts of antiviral therapy in these patients is presented

RESEARCH OF MYCOBACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM PULSED ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

The article presents the experimental studies results of continuous spectrum pulsed UV light mycobactericidal activity against the laboratory strain of Mycobacterium terrae and clinical strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with multiple and extensive drug resistance. A pulsed xenon lamp of a mobile “Alfa-01” unit for air decontamination was used as ultraviolet light source. The experiments showed high activity of pulsed UV light against all studied strains, which does not depend on the distance to the treated surface (up to 4 m). The efficiency of contaminated surfaces disinfection reached 100%. Exposing contaminated objects to pulsed xenon UV lamps’ light leads to multiple molecular genetic changes in DNA macromolecules with complete loss of drug resistance to rifampicin and partial loss of drug resistance to isoniazid

MECHANISM OF ANTIVIRAL ACTION AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF THE NEW PREPARATION FORTEPREN^® IN THE COMPLEX THERAPY OF CHRONIC RECURRENT HERPESVIRUS INFECTION OF GENITAL LOCALIZATION

Aim. The study of the mechanism of antiviral action and evaluation of the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of therapy with Fortepren® in patients with chronic recurrent herpesvirus infection of genital localization (CRHVI). Materials and methods. Clinical studies were carried out of a drug Fortepren® (0.4% sodium polyprenyl phosphate solution), which was administered to patients who underwent a basic therapeutic course of the drug Acyclovir-Acry® to relieve the acute phase of the disease. The study was performed on 80 male and female patients selected during the screening with a confirmed diagnosis of CRHVI. Two groups were formed. Patients of group 1 (experimental) were intramuscularly injected with Fortepren® at a dose of 2 ml (8 mg) three times at intervals of 21 days by 3 ± 2, 24 ± 2 and 45 ± 2 days following the 10-day basic course of treatment of the acute phase of diseases with the use of the acyclovir tablets of 400 mg - 13 ± 2, 34 ± 2 and 55 ± 2 days from the beginning of the study. Patients of the 2nd group (control) were intramuscularly injected with placebo solution at a volume of 2 ml instead of Fortepren®. To evaluate Fortepren® efficacy, the following criteria were used: increase in the duration of the inter-recessive period, a decrease in the frequency of relapses over the entire observation period; decrease in the severity of relapses, estimated in points, changes in immunological parameters according to the dynamics of changes in the production of the main cytokines. Results. In patients treated with Fortepren®, the inter-recurrence period for the entire study period increased statistically from 29.36 ± 2.16 to 42.98 ± 3.29 days, while in the control group this indicator have not changed. Accordingly, in patients treated with Fortepren®, a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of recurrence of CRHVI from 3.03 ± 0.02 before treatment to 1.94 ± 0.19 was observed during treatment in the absence of a decrease in the frequency of relapses in the control. Evaluation of the severity of CRHVI relapses in patients treated with Fortepren® indicates the efficacy of this protocol. The sum of the scores of the mean values of CRHVI symptoms signs was statistically significantly decreased in the group 1 from 7.36 ± 0.35 points at the 1 st visit before the start of treatment to 4.75 ± 0.35 points during the treatment. No changes were seen in the control group. The level of leukocyte virus-induced interferon (LVI-IFN) in the patients of the group 1 increased from 36% to 64% in the end of the clinical trial compared to the control group, in which the increase in LVI-IFN titers was not observed. To further justify the possibility of increasing the immune response of cells, establishing possible mechanisms that determine the efficacy of treatment for CRHVI with Fortepren®, evaluation of the production of IFNz, IFNy, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-2, IL-4, MIF-Fz, TNFа was made. In the of the study levels of all these cytokines was increased in patients treated with Fortepren® compared with the control group. Conclusion. The efficacy of using Fortepren® in a dose of 2 ml (8 mg) with intramuscular administration to patients with chronic recurrent herpesviral infection of genital localization at the stage of remission three times with an interval of 21 days by 3 ± 2, 24 ± 2 and 45 ± 2 days after the end of 10 day basic course of treatment of the acute phase of the disease with the use of the drug acyclovir